Ethical Relativism
... 2. Suppose that some culture is asked to justify (give arguments) for some moral principle. If they can give such an argument then they will have refuted ER, because arguments are universal. E.g. if I can give a sound argument that shows that it is wrong to kill innocent people in a certain range o ...
... 2. Suppose that some culture is asked to justify (give arguments) for some moral principle. If they can give such an argument then they will have refuted ER, because arguments are universal. E.g. if I can give a sound argument that shows that it is wrong to kill innocent people in a certain range o ...
Table 1-1: Summary of Four Phases of Cyberethics
... An atom that either loses or gains electrons through the ionization process becomes charged or valenced in a certain direction. Bush notes that all technologies, including guns, are similarly valenced in that they tend to "favor" certain directions rather than others. Thus technology is biased and i ...
... An atom that either loses or gains electrons through the ionization process becomes charged or valenced in a certain direction. Bush notes that all technologies, including guns, are similarly valenced in that they tend to "favor" certain directions rather than others. Thus technology is biased and i ...
Ethics - School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
... are clearly right, some of which will be ...
... are clearly right, some of which will be ...
Kant`s Puzzling Ethics of Maxims
... If this picture is correct, another point crucial for Kant's moral psychology becomes apparent: as at a given moment we can act only from the incentives we happen to have, our choice of maxims will always be severely limited. It is indeed difficult to think of incentives other than the moral motives ...
... If this picture is correct, another point crucial for Kant's moral psychology becomes apparent: as at a given moment we can act only from the incentives we happen to have, our choice of maxims will always be severely limited. It is indeed difficult to think of incentives other than the moral motives ...
Making Ethical Decis.. - Personal web pages for people of Metropolia
... Use of power Conflicting roles (can lead to unethical behaviour). ...
... Use of power Conflicting roles (can lead to unethical behaviour). ...
Moral Development Policy - St Thomas of Canterbury Catholic School
... what should happen to best promote the gospel values of love, honesty and fairness. Children will be encouraged to make decisions based on their own beliefs and values recognising that other people’s may differ from their own. As they develop a sense of morality, children should become more able to ...
... what should happen to best promote the gospel values of love, honesty and fairness. Children will be encouraged to make decisions based on their own beliefs and values recognising that other people’s may differ from their own. As they develop a sense of morality, children should become more able to ...
Ethics - Handout 22 Susan Wolf, "Moral Saints"
... On a reading of Kantianism that emphasizes the requirement to take up the ends of others as our own, and to perfect ourselves, the Kantian saint will also have too little room to develop her own talents, relationships, and projects, and will have “one thought too many.” On an alternate, minimalist r ...
... On a reading of Kantianism that emphasizes the requirement to take up the ends of others as our own, and to perfect ourselves, the Kantian saint will also have too little room to develop her own talents, relationships, and projects, and will have “one thought too many.” On an alternate, minimalist r ...
FREE Sample Here
... Ethical formalism is a deontological system because the important determinant for judging whether an act is moral is not its consequence, but only the motive or intent of the actor. According to Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), the only thing that is intrinsically good is a good will. Kant believed ...
... Ethical formalism is a deontological system because the important determinant for judging whether an act is moral is not its consequence, but only the motive or intent of the actor. According to Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), the only thing that is intrinsically good is a good will. Kant believed ...
Aristotle
... Ethical virtues “ virtue of character is a mean, …, it is a mean between two vices, one of excess and one of deficiency; and that it is such because it is the sort of thing able to hit the mean in feelings and actions. This is why it is hard to be good, because in each case it is hard to find the m ...
... Ethical virtues “ virtue of character is a mean, …, it is a mean between two vices, one of excess and one of deficiency; and that it is such because it is the sort of thing able to hit the mean in feelings and actions. This is why it is hard to be good, because in each case it is hard to find the m ...
Chapter 2 - Test Bank 1
... Ethical formalism is a deontological system because the important determinant for judging whether an act is moral is not its consequence, but only the motive or intent of the actor. According to Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), the only thing that is intrinsically good is a good will. Kant believed ...
... Ethical formalism is a deontological system because the important determinant for judging whether an act is moral is not its consequence, but only the motive or intent of the actor. According to Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), the only thing that is intrinsically good is a good will. Kant believed ...
What is ethics?
... about what is right to do from a moral or ethical perspective. • Managers often face situations where the appropriate course of action is not clear . • For example, the manager of a company may be put in a position in which he must choose between the interests of his employees and his investors. Giv ...
... about what is right to do from a moral or ethical perspective. • Managers often face situations where the appropriate course of action is not clear . • For example, the manager of a company may be put in a position in which he must choose between the interests of his employees and his investors. Giv ...
3. Kant`s Moral Constructivism
... originating from our own will, we would have robbed ourselves of what we require. It would be irrational for us to will a social world in which every one, as if by a law of nature, is deaf to appeals based on this need. Kant does not say much about how the idea of a rational will works in this examp ...
... originating from our own will, we would have robbed ourselves of what we require. It would be irrational for us to will a social world in which every one, as if by a law of nature, is deaf to appeals based on this need. Kant does not say much about how the idea of a rational will works in this examp ...
Moral Reasoning and Moral Development
... – Do ethical dilemmas have answers that would be universally accepted as right, proper, and appropriate? ...
... – Do ethical dilemmas have answers that would be universally accepted as right, proper, and appropriate? ...
The Demand for Justification in Ethics - MyWeb
... this paper we also should), we employ perception or immediate awareness (often called ‘intuition), we employ intuitive induction, deduction, Humean induction; we appeal to systematic considerations, for example, to coherence and explanatory power; and we marshal the sort of arguments that Mill thoug ...
... this paper we also should), we employ perception or immediate awareness (often called ‘intuition), we employ intuitive induction, deduction, Humean induction; we appeal to systematic considerations, for example, to coherence and explanatory power; and we marshal the sort of arguments that Mill thoug ...
Religious Morality 1
... The best action to take in this situation, at this time, for this person. The best motivation. The best outcome. The best outcome for the majority even at the expense of the minority. General rules about right and wrong that can be applied to the situation. How flexible our ideas about right and wro ...
... The best action to take in this situation, at this time, for this person. The best motivation. The best outcome. The best outcome for the majority even at the expense of the minority. General rules about right and wrong that can be applied to the situation. How flexible our ideas about right and wro ...
Moral Discourse
... Moral relativism asserts that no universal standard of morality is possible because different people have different beliefs about what is right and wrong. From this inference, relativists appear to further suggest that, in matters of morality, anything goes. But this principle of reasoning is proble ...
... Moral relativism asserts that no universal standard of morality is possible because different people have different beliefs about what is right and wrong. From this inference, relativists appear to further suggest that, in matters of morality, anything goes. But this principle of reasoning is proble ...
conway-si410-fa10-week1-ethics - Open.Michigan
... Digital photo editing [truth, trust, meaning] ...
... Digital photo editing [truth, trust, meaning] ...
Myths about Business Ethics
... Myth 3: Business ethics is a discipline best led by philosophers, academics and theologians. Lack of involvement of leaders and managers in business ethics literature and discussions has led many to believe that business ethics is a fad or movement, having little to do with the day-to-day realities ...
... Myth 3: Business ethics is a discipline best led by philosophers, academics and theologians. Lack of involvement of leaders and managers in business ethics literature and discussions has led many to believe that business ethics is a fad or movement, having little to do with the day-to-day realities ...
James Rachels: The Debate over Utilitarianism
... The questions about morality that are raised in the story are: How will the so-called virtuous man behave? Why shouldn’t a man simply do what he pleases or what he thinks is best for himself? What reason is there for him to continue being “moral” when it is clearly not to his own advantage to do so? ...
... The questions about morality that are raised in the story are: How will the so-called virtuous man behave? Why shouldn’t a man simply do what he pleases or what he thinks is best for himself? What reason is there for him to continue being “moral” when it is clearly not to his own advantage to do so? ...
KANT`S RESPONSE TO SKEPTICISM
... handling transcendental arguments is called for, which, rather than trying to respond to Stroud’s concerns by using transcendental idealism, does not attempt to cross his ‘‘bridge of necessity’’ at all; instead, it allows that the only necessary conditions we can establish concern how we must think ...
... handling transcendental arguments is called for, which, rather than trying to respond to Stroud’s concerns by using transcendental idealism, does not attempt to cross his ‘‘bridge of necessity’’ at all; instead, it allows that the only necessary conditions we can establish concern how we must think ...
Lecture notes on Immanuel Kant
... Kant arrived at these conclusions will be explored in this series of lectures. 3. The Nature of Knowledge Another word which is given only an approximate English translation is Understanding from the German ‘Verstand’. Kant intended this word to refer simply to the use of reason and concepts in know ...
... Kant arrived at these conclusions will be explored in this series of lectures. 3. The Nature of Knowledge Another word which is given only an approximate English translation is Understanding from the German ‘Verstand’. Kant intended this word to refer simply to the use of reason and concepts in know ...
Week 2 – Rights and Relativism
... attitudes intended to persuade those who hear the attitude expressed ...
... attitudes intended to persuade those who hear the attitude expressed ...
Lawrence Kohlberg`s Stages of Moral Development from Wikipedia
... The post-conventional level, also known as the principled level, is marked by a growing realization that individuals are separate entities from society, and that the individual’s own perspective may take precedence over society’s view; individuals may disobey rules inconsistent with their own princi ...
... The post-conventional level, also known as the principled level, is marked by a growing realization that individuals are separate entities from society, and that the individual’s own perspective may take precedence over society’s view; individuals may disobey rules inconsistent with their own princi ...
here
... In Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy Williams tells us that ‘philosophy should not try to produce ethical theory’ (p. 17), because ethical theory does not have the authority to ‘give some compelling reason to accept one intuition rather than another’ (p. 99). Williams has much in common with Ansco ...
... In Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy Williams tells us that ‘philosophy should not try to produce ethical theory’ (p. 17), because ethical theory does not have the authority to ‘give some compelling reason to accept one intuition rather than another’ (p. 99). Williams has much in common with Ansco ...
Performance reviews on business ethics and morals
... Reviews on business Performance Appraisals and Phrases For Dummies. Keeps employees fully aware of company standards, expectations, and values regarding fair treatment.Performance evaluations are, by nature, somewhat subjective. This leaves employee reviews open to potential ethical complications. M ...
... Reviews on business Performance Appraisals and Phrases For Dummies. Keeps employees fully aware of company standards, expectations, and values regarding fair treatment.Performance evaluations are, by nature, somewhat subjective. This leaves employee reviews open to potential ethical complications. M ...
Kantian ethics
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Kantian ethics refers to a deontological ethical theory ascribed to the German philosopher Immanuel Kant. The theory, developed as a result of Enlightenment rationalism, is based on the view that the only intrinsically good thing is a good will; an action can only be good if its maxim – the principle behind it – is duty to the moral law. Central to Kant's construction of the moral law is the categorical imperative, which acts on all people, regardless of their interests or desires. Kant formulated the categorical imperative in various ways. His principle of universalisability requires that, for an action to be permissible, it must be possible to apply it to all people without a contradiction occurring. His formulation of humanity as an end in itself requires that humans are never treated merely as a means to an end, but always also as ends in themselves. The formulation of autonomy concludes that rational agents are bound to the moral law by their own will, while Kant's concept of the Kingdom of Ends requires that people act as if the principles of their actions establish a law for a hypothetical kingdom. Kant also distinguished between perfect and imperfect duties. A perfect duty, such as the duty not to lie, always holds true; an imperfect duty, such as the duty to give to charity, can be made flexible and applied in particular time and place.American philosopher Louis Pojman has cited Pietism, political philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, the modern debate between rationalism and empiricism, and the influence of natural law as influences on the development of Kant's ethics. Other philosophers have argued that Kant's parents and his teacher, Martin Knutzen, influenced his ethics. Those influenced by Kantian ethics include philosopher Jürgen Habermas, political philosopher John Rawls, and psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan. German philosopher G. W. F. Hegel criticised Kant for not providing specific enough detail in his moral theory to affect decision-making and for denying human nature. German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer argued that ethics should attempt to describe how people behave and criticised Kant for being prescriptive. Michael Stocker has argued that acting out of duty can diminish other moral motivations such as friendship, while Marcia Baron has defended the theory by arguing that duty does not diminish other motivations. The Catholic Church has criticised Kant's ethics as contradictory and regards Christian ethics as more compatible with virtue ethics.The claim that all humans are due dignity and respect as autonomous agents means that medical professionals should be happy for their treatments to be performed upon anyone, and that patients must never be treated merely as useful for society. Kant's approach to sexual ethics emerged from his view that humans should never be used merely as a means to an end, leading him to regard sexual activity as degrading and to condemn certain specific sexual practices. Feminist philosophers have used Kantian ethics to condemn practices such as prostitution and pornography because they do not treat women as ends. Kant also believed that, because animals do not possess rationality, we cannot have duties to them except indirect duties not to develop immoral dispositions through cruelty towards them. Kant used the example of lying as an application of his ethics: because there is a perfect duty to tell the truth, we must never lie, even if it seems that lying would bring about better consequences than telling the truth.