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... with a too long node of Ranvier, which may hinder the progression of the action potential. The time seems ripe to abandon a vision of myelin based on a metaphor and accept a new epistemological paradigm more consistent with the observational data, and less theory laden. (i) chronically demyelinated ...
... with a too long node of Ranvier, which may hinder the progression of the action potential. The time seems ripe to abandon a vision of myelin based on a metaphor and accept a new epistemological paradigm more consistent with the observational data, and less theory laden. (i) chronically demyelinated ...
How the Human Brain Developed and How the Human Mind Works
... occurring changes. Each change had to prove its worth by surviving the continual battle for existence, being against being, species against species and this process has gone on for many millions of years. As far as we know the human brain evolved in three main stages {3}. Its ancient and primitive p ...
... occurring changes. Each change had to prove its worth by surviving the continual battle for existence, being against being, species against species and this process has gone on for many millions of years. As far as we know the human brain evolved in three main stages {3}. Its ancient and primitive p ...
Conscious Modulation in Normal Sleep
... other during non-REM sleep—a stage of sleep in which people often report little awareness and no conscious experience. Also this finding explains why it is difficult to remember what is performed in that sleep stages, as happens in nocturnal terror, somnambulism and even in automatism in sleep depri ...
... other during non-REM sleep—a stage of sleep in which people often report little awareness and no conscious experience. Also this finding explains why it is difficult to remember what is performed in that sleep stages, as happens in nocturnal terror, somnambulism and even in automatism in sleep depri ...
"Sleep and Memory". In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS)
... (i.e. known to be active at the time when sleep is required for consolidation) are indicated with a question mark. Mechanisms that have not been studied with respect to sleep are shown in gray. (c) Mechanisms implicated in sleep facilitation of synaptic consolidation are schematized in a neuron with ...
... (i.e. known to be active at the time when sleep is required for consolidation) are indicated with a question mark. Mechanisms that have not been studied with respect to sleep are shown in gray. (c) Mechanisms implicated in sleep facilitation of synaptic consolidation are schematized in a neuron with ...
Beyond dreams: do sleep-related movements
... brainstem, he reported periods of active sleep, including muscle twitches, that could not be distinguished from similar periods in non-transected cats. Similarly, using 1-week-old rats, we performed transections that passed through or anterior to the region within the brainstem that has been implica ...
... brainstem, he reported periods of active sleep, including muscle twitches, that could not be distinguished from similar periods in non-transected cats. Similarly, using 1-week-old rats, we performed transections that passed through or anterior to the region within the brainstem that has been implica ...
Yale Review of Undergraduate Research in
... 2. Sleep and Learning Task Performance Dual-Process Theory. The dual-process theory is the generalisation that declarative memory is enhanced by NREM sleep while non-declarative memory is enhanced by REM sleep (Plihal & Born, 1997). Several different study paradigms have been used to study the diffe ...
... 2. Sleep and Learning Task Performance Dual-Process Theory. The dual-process theory is the generalisation that declarative memory is enhanced by NREM sleep while non-declarative memory is enhanced by REM sleep (Plihal & Born, 1997). Several different study paradigms have been used to study the diffe ...
Chapter 19: Brain Rhythms and Sleep
... – Muramyl dipeptide: isolated from the CSF of sleepdeprived goats, facilitates non-REM sleep ...
... – Muramyl dipeptide: isolated from the CSF of sleepdeprived goats, facilitates non-REM sleep ...
Sleep Spindles as Facilitators of Memory Formation and Learning
... density and recall performance was not ubiquitous as it applied to verbal learning and visuospatial memory but not to a facial recognition test [14, 15]. Spindles occur during various stages of non-REM sleep and can be associated with slow oscillations during slow-wave sleep. In a visual learning ta ...
... density and recall performance was not ubiquitous as it applied to verbal learning and visuospatial memory but not to a facial recognition test [14, 15]. Spindles occur during various stages of non-REM sleep and can be associated with slow oscillations during slow-wave sleep. In a visual learning ta ...
The contribution of sleep to hippocampus
... Indeed, in an SRTT, consolidation during sleep strengthened explicit aspects of a memory representation at the expense of implicit aspects [26]. Although subjects in this study remained unaware of the underlying sequence structure of the task during training before sleep, only after post-learning sl ...
... Indeed, in an SRTT, consolidation during sleep strengthened explicit aspects of a memory representation at the expense of implicit aspects [26]. Although subjects in this study remained unaware of the underlying sequence structure of the task during training before sleep, only after post-learning sl ...
D27 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... N.B. melatonin secretion is not dependent upon sleep, persisting in individuals kept awake at night. melatonin has phase-shifting properties opposite to bright light effects: melatonin administered in afternoon produces phase advances, whereas melatonin given in morning produces phase delays. ...
... N.B. melatonin secretion is not dependent upon sleep, persisting in individuals kept awake at night. melatonin has phase-shifting properties opposite to bright light effects: melatonin administered in afternoon produces phase advances, whereas melatonin given in morning produces phase delays. ...
Metabolic signals in sleep regulation: recent insights The Harvard
... rhythmicity in behavioral state changes. Since the first description of the circadian “clock” (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) gene in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) within the brain,14 other clocks in the peripheral organs associated with energy regulation have been recognized that follo ...
... rhythmicity in behavioral state changes. Since the first description of the circadian “clock” (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) gene in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) within the brain,14 other clocks in the peripheral organs associated with energy regulation have been recognized that follo ...
Cerebral correlates of delta waves during non
... PET acquisition PET scans were acquired on a Siemens CTI 951 R 16/31 scanner in three-dimensional mode, reconstructed using a Hanning filter (cutoff frequency 0.5 cycles/pixel) and corrected for attenuation and background activity. A transmission scan was performed before the first emission scan of ...
... PET acquisition PET scans were acquired on a Siemens CTI 951 R 16/31 scanner in three-dimensional mode, reconstructed using a Hanning filter (cutoff frequency 0.5 cycles/pixel) and corrected for attenuation and background activity. A transmission scan was performed before the first emission scan of ...
Psychological Science - MSU Psychology
... Participants. We drew the data set for Experiment 1 from a large, multisession study. One hundred ninetythree undergraduates (mean age = 20.3 years, SD = 3.5; 76% female, 24% male) at the University of California, Irvine, completed a battery of personality measures and cognitive tasks for course cre ...
... Participants. We drew the data set for Experiment 1 from a large, multisession study. One hundred ninetythree undergraduates (mean age = 20.3 years, SD = 3.5; 76% female, 24% male) at the University of California, Irvine, completed a battery of personality measures and cognitive tasks for course cre ...
Physiological Mechanisms of Sleep and Waking
... A neurological disorder in which the person does not become paralyzed during REM sleep and thus acts out dreams. Like narcolepsy, REM sleep behavior disorder appears to be a neurodegenerative disorder with at least some genetic component (Schenck et al., 1993). It is often associated with better-kno ...
... A neurological disorder in which the person does not become paralyzed during REM sleep and thus acts out dreams. Like narcolepsy, REM sleep behavior disorder appears to be a neurodegenerative disorder with at least some genetic component (Schenck et al., 1993). It is often associated with better-kno ...
Rapid eye movement sleep promotes cortical
... In summary, we find that REM sleep plays an important role in enhancing experience-dependent plasticity in the developing cerebral cortex of cats. These findings support a long-standing hypothesis that REM sleep in early life promotes circuit formation (2). Our findings suggest that REM sleep achiev ...
... In summary, we find that REM sleep plays an important role in enhancing experience-dependent plasticity in the developing cerebral cortex of cats. These findings support a long-standing hypothesis that REM sleep in early life promotes circuit formation (2). Our findings suggest that REM sleep achiev ...
Normal sleep and circadian rhythms: Neurobiologic mechanisms
... which is to detect findings that are characteristic of certain sleep disorders, includes, in addition to these three variables, the following: monitors for airflow at the nose and mouth, respiratory effort strain gauges placed around the chest and abdomen, and noninvasive oxygen saturation monitors ...
... which is to detect findings that are characteristic of certain sleep disorders, includes, in addition to these three variables, the following: monitors for airflow at the nose and mouth, respiratory effort strain gauges placed around the chest and abdomen, and noninvasive oxygen saturation monitors ...
Control of Wake and Sleep States
... Slow oscillations is generated within cortex and strongly influences thalamus through CT projections. They consist of prolonged depolarizations associated with extracellular gamma activity (up) separated by prolonged hyperpolarizations (down states) when most cortical neurons are silent. Up State is ...
... Slow oscillations is generated within cortex and strongly influences thalamus through CT projections. They consist of prolonged depolarizations associated with extracellular gamma activity (up) separated by prolonged hyperpolarizations (down states) when most cortical neurons are silent. Up State is ...
Sleep imaging and the neuro- psychological assessment of dreams
... between introspective data obtained from report and objective data obtained from behavioral responses is largely overstated. Like introspective data, behavioral measurements in cognitive studies often rely on inspecting mental representations or sensations and making decisions about them [a]. Two ra ...
... between introspective data obtained from report and objective data obtained from behavioral responses is largely overstated. Like introspective data, behavioral measurements in cognitive studies often rely on inspecting mental representations or sensations and making decisions about them [a]. Two ra ...
Sleep and metabolism: Role of hypothalamic
... increase hunger and appetite.19,20 This is illustrated most profoundly in cross-sectional and prospective epidemiologic studies that indicate there is a strong dose-dependent effect of sleep reduction on the incidence of diabetes and obesity.19,21 One limitation of many human epidemiologic studies i ...
... increase hunger and appetite.19,20 This is illustrated most profoundly in cross-sectional and prospective epidemiologic studies that indicate there is a strong dose-dependent effect of sleep reduction on the incidence of diabetes and obesity.19,21 One limitation of many human epidemiologic studies i ...
rem sleep - Website Staff UI
... visual dreaming in humans has reversed many commonly held notes on about dreams. Every one dreams in regular cycles several times at night but they are not well remembered. • The probability of recall in a dream falls to zero within 8 minutes of the ensuing slow wave sleep after REM sleep. • As a re ...
... visual dreaming in humans has reversed many commonly held notes on about dreams. Every one dreams in regular cycles several times at night but they are not well remembered. • The probability of recall in a dream falls to zero within 8 minutes of the ensuing slow wave sleep after REM sleep. • As a re ...
Neuroscience of Sleep - University of Ilorin
... visual dreaming in humans has reversed many commonly held notes on about dreams. Every one dreams in regular cycles several times at night but they are not well remembered. • The probability of recall in a dream falls to zero within 8 minutes of the ensuing slow wave sleep after REM sleep. • As a re ...
... visual dreaming in humans has reversed many commonly held notes on about dreams. Every one dreams in regular cycles several times at night but they are not well remembered. • The probability of recall in a dream falls to zero within 8 minutes of the ensuing slow wave sleep after REM sleep. • As a re ...
Neurobilogy of Sleep
... hypothalamus and rostral midbrain often had excessive sleepiness, whereas those with injury to the anterior hypothalamus had unrelenting insomnia. • Based on these observations, the anterior hypothalamus contained neurons that promoted sleep, whereas neurons near the hypothalamusmidbrain junction he ...
... hypothalamus and rostral midbrain often had excessive sleepiness, whereas those with injury to the anterior hypothalamus had unrelenting insomnia. • Based on these observations, the anterior hypothalamus contained neurons that promoted sleep, whereas neurons near the hypothalamusmidbrain junction he ...
Chap16
... • Unlike specific deprivation of REM sleep, which takes several weeks to reduce depression, total sleep deprivation produces immediate effects (Wu and Bunney, 1990). • Typically, the depression is lifted by the sleep deprivation but returns the next day, after a normal night’s sleep. ...
... • Unlike specific deprivation of REM sleep, which takes several weeks to reduce depression, total sleep deprivation produces immediate effects (Wu and Bunney, 1990). • Typically, the depression is lifted by the sleep deprivation but returns the next day, after a normal night’s sleep. ...
Hypocretinergic Neurons are Primarily involved in Activation
... < 0.0001, Fig. 3). No significant differences were found between AWwithout M, QW, and QS. During AW-with M, 79.4% of the total number of hypocretinergic neurons were immunoreactive for Fos (Hcrt+ Fos+); very few cells were Hcrt+ Fos+ during AW-without M (2.3%), QW (1.7%), or QS (0.9%). DISCUSSION Th ...
... < 0.0001, Fig. 3). No significant differences were found between AWwithout M, QW, and QS. During AW-with M, 79.4% of the total number of hypocretinergic neurons were immunoreactive for Fos (Hcrt+ Fos+); very few cells were Hcrt+ Fos+ during AW-without M (2.3%), QW (1.7%), or QS (0.9%). DISCUSSION Th ...
Life span chapter 3-1 File
... Which of the following is NOT one of the consequences of malnutrition during infancy? a. Malnourished children sleep, on average, 6 to 8 hours less than nonmalnourished children of the same age. b. Malnourished children show a slower growth rate by the age of 6 months. c. Malnourished children scor ...
... Which of the following is NOT one of the consequences of malnutrition during infancy? a. Malnourished children sleep, on average, 6 to 8 hours less than nonmalnourished children of the same age. b. Malnourished children show a slower growth rate by the age of 6 months. c. Malnourished children scor ...
Sleep medicine
Sleep medicine is a medical specialty or subspecialty devoted to the diagnosis and therapy of sleep disturbances and disorders. From the middle of the 20th century, research has provided increasing knowledge and answered many questions about sleep-wake functioning. The rapidly evolving field has become a recognized medical subspecialty in some countries. Dental sleep medicine also qualifies for board certification in some countries. Properly organized, minimum 12-month, postgraduate training programs are still being defined in the United States. In some countries, the sleep researchers and the physicians who treat patients may be the same people.The first sleep clinics in the United States were established in the 1970s by interested physicians and technicians; the study, diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea were their first tasks. As late as 1999, virtually any American physician, with no specific training in sleep medicine, could open a sleep laboratory.Disorders and disturbances of sleep are widespread and can have significant consequences for affected individuals as well as economic and other consequences for society. The US National Transportation Safety Board has, according to Dr. Charles Czeisler, member of the Institute of Medicine and Director of the Harvard University Medical School Division of Sleep Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital, discovered that the leading cause (31%) of fatal-to-the-driver heavy truck crashes is fatigue-related with drugs and alcohol as the number two cause (29%). Sleep deprivation has also been a significant factor in dramatic accidents, such as the Exxon Valdez oil spill, the nuclear incidents at Chernobyl and Three Mile Island and the explosion of the space shuttle Challenger.