Skinner - Operant Conditioning
... • Reinforcers: Responses from the environment that increase the probability of a behavior being repeated. Reinforcers can be either positive or negative. • Punishers: Response from the environment that decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. Punishment weakens behavior. We can all thi ...
... • Reinforcers: Responses from the environment that increase the probability of a behavior being repeated. Reinforcers can be either positive or negative. • Punishers: Response from the environment that decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. Punishment weakens behavior. We can all thi ...
B.F. Skinner
... or a key that the animal can press in order to get food or water as a type of reinforcement. Rats and pigeons were mostly used in these experiments. ...
... or a key that the animal can press in order to get food or water as a type of reinforcement. Rats and pigeons were mostly used in these experiments. ...
To Share or Not to Share: When Do Toddlers Respond to Another's
... was no cost for sharing (Thompson, Barresi, & Moore, 1997). Such data suggest that sharing may be more challenging for young children than some other forms of prosocial behavior and may emerge later. However, to our knowledge there have been no experimental studies of the development of sharing in v ...
... was no cost for sharing (Thompson, Barresi, & Moore, 1997). Such data suggest that sharing may be more challenging for young children than some other forms of prosocial behavior and may emerge later. However, to our knowledge there have been no experimental studies of the development of sharing in v ...
Principles of Behavior Modification (PSY333)
... How to get generalization to occur E.g. mathematics: Balancing checkbook • Train in the target situation: Balance Checkbook in store • Vary Training Conditions: Extraneous stimuli present • Program Common Stimuli: the checkbook itself (common learning materials). • Train sufficient stimulus exempla ...
... How to get generalization to occur E.g. mathematics: Balancing checkbook • Train in the target situation: Balance Checkbook in store • Vary Training Conditions: Extraneous stimuli present • Program Common Stimuli: the checkbook itself (common learning materials). • Train sufficient stimulus exempla ...
Psychological Altruism
... Batson et al (1981) suggests that people experience two kinds of emotion when they see suffering. According to Batson, if you feel empathy towards a person, you will help, regardless of what you may gain from it. Relieving suffering becomes the most important thing. If a person feels no empa ...
... Batson et al (1981) suggests that people experience two kinds of emotion when they see suffering. According to Batson, if you feel empathy towards a person, you will help, regardless of what you may gain from it. Relieving suffering becomes the most important thing. If a person feels no empa ...
Learning - PonderosaTCCHS
... organism associates different stimuli that it does not control and responds automatically. • Through operant conditioning, an organism associates it operant behavior— those that act on its environment to produce rewarding or punishing the stimuli with their consequences. ...
... organism associates different stimuli that it does not control and responds automatically. • Through operant conditioning, an organism associates it operant behavior— those that act on its environment to produce rewarding or punishing the stimuli with their consequences. ...
Skinner - Operant Conditioning
... B.F. Skinner (1938) coined the term operant conditioning; it means roughly changing of behavior by the use of reinforcement which is given after the desired response. Skinner identified three types of responses or operant that can follow behavior. • Neutral operants: responses from the environment t ...
... B.F. Skinner (1938) coined the term operant conditioning; it means roughly changing of behavior by the use of reinforcement which is given after the desired response. Skinner identified three types of responses or operant that can follow behavior. • Neutral operants: responses from the environment t ...
observational learning
... The fundamental principle of behaviorism is that rewarded behavior is likely to be repeated. This is known as reinforcement in operant conditioning. It also states the positive side of Thorndike’s Law of Effect. ...
... The fundamental principle of behaviorism is that rewarded behavior is likely to be repeated. This is known as reinforcement in operant conditioning. It also states the positive side of Thorndike’s Law of Effect. ...
Unit III: Learning
... • Involves voluntary behavior • Learned through the effects of pleasant and unpleasant consequences to responses • Thorndike’s Law of Effect – If a response is followed by a pleasurable consequence, it will be repeated – If followed by an unpleasant consequence, it will tend not to be repeated ...
... • Involves voluntary behavior • Learned through the effects of pleasant and unpleasant consequences to responses • Thorndike’s Law of Effect – If a response is followed by a pleasurable consequence, it will be repeated – If followed by an unpleasant consequence, it will tend not to be repeated ...
Cognition and Operant Conditioning
... aggression is a way to cope with problemsExplains why aggressive delinquents and abusive parents come from abusive homes ...
... aggression is a way to cope with problemsExplains why aggressive delinquents and abusive parents come from abusive homes ...
Conditioning: classical and operant
... example of Pavlov's study. In contrast, behavior is controlled by consequences (reinforcers and punishers) in operant conditioning. For example, if a child is reinforced for raising his hand in class, he will repeat that behavior. However, if a child is ignored or punished for raising her hand, she ...
... example of Pavlov's study. In contrast, behavior is controlled by consequences (reinforcers and punishers) in operant conditioning. For example, if a child is reinforced for raising his hand in class, he will repeat that behavior. However, if a child is ignored or punished for raising her hand, she ...
PSY402 Theories of Learning
... Suppressive effects may generalize from an undesirable behavior to other desirable behaviors. ...
... Suppressive effects may generalize from an undesirable behavior to other desirable behaviors. ...
Document
... Conditioned responses can alter attitudes, even when we know the change is caused by conditioning. However, knowing that our reactions are caused by conditioning gives us the option of mentally breaking the association, e.g. deciding that nausea associated with a food aversion was actually caused by ...
... Conditioned responses can alter attitudes, even when we know the change is caused by conditioning. However, knowing that our reactions are caused by conditioning gives us the option of mentally breaking the association, e.g. deciding that nausea associated with a food aversion was actually caused by ...
Principles in behavioral management: implications for effective
... justifies use (e.g., very young children in lifethreatening situation) • Physical punishment meant to humiliate, not hurt • Show parents something that works better – most people resort to physical punishment out of frustration and because overwhelmed – they would prefer not to use it ...
... justifies use (e.g., very young children in lifethreatening situation) • Physical punishment meant to humiliate, not hurt • Show parents something that works better – most people resort to physical punishment out of frustration and because overwhelmed – they would prefer not to use it ...
half a second before
... We may be more inclined to engage in small immediate reinforcers (watching TV) than large delayed reinforcers (Getting A in a course) which requires consistent study. ...
... We may be more inclined to engage in small immediate reinforcers (watching TV) than large delayed reinforcers (Getting A in a course) which requires consistent study. ...
Historical Perspectives on Psychology Minds and Machines since
... Discrimination (or differentiation): At first animals respond indiscriminately to a range of stimuli (generalization). By selective reinforcement, Pavlov trained his animals to make a conditioned response to the reinforced stimulus, but not to other stimuli. ...
... Discrimination (or differentiation): At first animals respond indiscriminately to a range of stimuli (generalization). By selective reinforcement, Pavlov trained his animals to make a conditioned response to the reinforced stimulus, but not to other stimuli. ...
Chapter 8: Motivation: Learning and Rewards
... • Based on time (interval) or the number of times the response is given (ratio) • Fixed or variable (random) Scandura, Essentials of Organizational Behavior. © 2016, SAGE Publications. ...
... • Based on time (interval) or the number of times the response is given (ratio) • Fixed or variable (random) Scandura, Essentials of Organizational Behavior. © 2016, SAGE Publications. ...
Psychology - Eagan High School
... • Reinforcement - Any consequence that increases the future likelihood of a behavior • Punishment - Any consequence that decreases the future likelihood of a behavior • The subject determines if a consequence is reinforcing or punishing ...
... • Reinforcement - Any consequence that increases the future likelihood of a behavior • Punishment - Any consequence that decreases the future likelihood of a behavior • The subject determines if a consequence is reinforcing or punishing ...
139 chapter 13 PPT with captions for visual
... used in treating phobias, where images or real-life encounters of the feared object or situations are gradually introduced, while the person is in a state of relaxation In Aversion Training therapists try to rid clients of problem behaviors while by pairing aversive stimuli with the behavior ...
... used in treating phobias, where images or real-life encounters of the feared object or situations are gradually introduced, while the person is in a state of relaxation In Aversion Training therapists try to rid clients of problem behaviors while by pairing aversive stimuli with the behavior ...
Behavioral Social-Learning Approach
... used in treating phobias, where images or real-life encounters of the feared object or situations are gradually introduced, while the person is in a state of relaxation In Aversion Training therapists try to rid clients of problem behaviors while by pairing aversive stimuli with the behavior ...
... used in treating phobias, where images or real-life encounters of the feared object or situations are gradually introduced, while the person is in a state of relaxation In Aversion Training therapists try to rid clients of problem behaviors while by pairing aversive stimuli with the behavior ...
Module 27 notes - Bremerton School District
... 1. Immediate Reinforcer: A reinforcer that occurs instantly after a behavior. A rat gets a food pellet for a bar press. 2. Delayed Reinforcer: A reinforcer that is delayed in time for a certain behavior. A paycheck that comes at the end of a week. We may be inclined to engage in small immediate rein ...
... 1. Immediate Reinforcer: A reinforcer that occurs instantly after a behavior. A rat gets a food pellet for a bar press. 2. Delayed Reinforcer: A reinforcer that is delayed in time for a certain behavior. A paycheck that comes at the end of a week. We may be inclined to engage in small immediate rein ...
Behavioral Social-Learning Approach
... used in treating phobias, where images or real-life encounters of the feared object or situations are gradually introduced, while the person is in a state of relaxation In Aversion Training therapists try to rid clients of problem behaviors while by pairing aversive stimuli with the behavior ...
... used in treating phobias, where images or real-life encounters of the feared object or situations are gradually introduced, while the person is in a state of relaxation In Aversion Training therapists try to rid clients of problem behaviors while by pairing aversive stimuli with the behavior ...
FBA-BIP
... What the person does and the extent to which this represents a match or a mismatch between the person and the expectations placed on that person either overtly or subtly by his/her surroundings ...
... What the person does and the extent to which this represents a match or a mismatch between the person and the expectations placed on that person either overtly or subtly by his/her surroundings ...