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1 Prehistory, Sumerian and Egyptian Civilizations Test

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Cradle of civilization

The cradle of civilization is a term referring to locations where, according to current archaeological data, civilization is understood to have emerged.Scholars have defined civilization using various criteria such as the use of writing, cities, a class-based society, agriculture, animal husbandry, public buildings, metallurgy, and monumental architecture. Current thinking is that there was no single ""cradle"", but several civilizations that developed independently, of which the Near Eastern Neolithic (Mesopotamia and Egypt) was the first. Other civilizations arose in Asia among cultures situated along large river valleys, notably the Indus River in the Indian Subcontinent and the Yellow River in China. The extent to which there was significant influence between the early civilizations of the Fertile Crescent and those of East Asia is disputed. Scholars accept that the civilizations of Norte Chico in present-day Peru and that of Mesoamerica emerged independently from those in Eurasia.The term cradle of civilization has frequently been applied to a variety of cultures and areas, in particular the Ancient Near Eastern Chalcolithic (Ubaid period) and Fertile Crescent. It has also been applied to ancient Anatolia, the Levant, Armenia and Iran. It has also been used to refer to culture predecessors, such as Greece and Western Civilization, even when such sites are not understood as an independent development of civilization as well as within national rhetoric.
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