philosophy
... Epistemology is the study of our method of acquiring knowledge. It answers the question, "How do we know?" It encompasses the nature of concepts, the constructing of concepts, the validity of the senses, logical reasoning, as well as thoughts, ideas, memories, emotions, and all things mental. It is ...
... Epistemology is the study of our method of acquiring knowledge. It answers the question, "How do we know?" It encompasses the nature of concepts, the constructing of concepts, the validity of the senses, logical reasoning, as well as thoughts, ideas, memories, emotions, and all things mental. It is ...
01. Philosophy, its main categories and problems
... Epistemology is the study of our method of acquiring knowledge. It answers the question, "How do we know?" It encompasses the nature of concepts, the constructing of concepts, the validity of the senses, logical reasoning, as well as thoughts, ideas, memories, emotions, and all things mental. It is ...
... Epistemology is the study of our method of acquiring knowledge. It answers the question, "How do we know?" It encompasses the nature of concepts, the constructing of concepts, the validity of the senses, logical reasoning, as well as thoughts, ideas, memories, emotions, and all things mental. It is ...
THE MORAL SANCTION THE idea of a moral sanction has given
... philosophy takes on this subject. According to our view, merit, the concomitant of every good act, is the equivalent of happiness, a paper money, as it were, given to us in place of happiness, the value of which is assured and which shall be redeemed by us in another world. As a matter of actual fac ...
... philosophy takes on this subject. According to our view, merit, the concomitant of every good act, is the equivalent of happiness, a paper money, as it were, given to us in place of happiness, the value of which is assured and which shall be redeemed by us in another world. As a matter of actual fac ...
Dharma with Moksha during classical Indian philosophy: Its
... come to the consciousness that there is no more material desires that they need to pursue, and more room is created for the pursuit of the ultimate objective, Moksha. The idea of purusharthas has played a very imperative function in the history of Indian thought. The term purusharthas literally sign ...
... come to the consciousness that there is no more material desires that they need to pursue, and more room is created for the pursuit of the ultimate objective, Moksha. The idea of purusharthas has played a very imperative function in the history of Indian thought. The term purusharthas literally sign ...
The Essentials of Hindu Dharma
... fixed in his mind as he relates to this particular form presented before him by the idol. In a nutshell, idol is nothing but a symbol of Īśvara. If you allow me to give you an example, a young man in love keeps a passport size photograph of his beloved in his wallet. He smiles when he takes out and ...
... fixed in his mind as he relates to this particular form presented before him by the idol. In a nutshell, idol is nothing but a symbol of Īśvara. If you allow me to give you an example, a young man in love keeps a passport size photograph of his beloved in his wallet. He smiles when he takes out and ...
Abū Hāmid Muhammad al-Ghazālī - American University of Beirut
... In due course a group of theologians performed the task to which God invited them; they successfully preserved orthodoxy, defended the creed received from the prophetic source and rectified heretical innovations. Nevertheless in so doing they based their arguments on premises which they took from th ...
... In due course a group of theologians performed the task to which God invited them; they successfully preserved orthodoxy, defended the creed received from the prophetic source and rectified heretical innovations. Nevertheless in so doing they based their arguments on premises which they took from th ...
Class #2
... What is the nature of man’s obligation to other men? How should we live to be good? What responsibilities do governments have to their citizens? Is man essentially selfish? Or can he be motivated by principles beyond his own self-interest? ...
... What is the nature of man’s obligation to other men? How should we live to be good? What responsibilities do governments have to their citizens? Is man essentially selfish? Or can he be motivated by principles beyond his own self-interest? ...
Contemporary Political Theory : Exam 1 Essay, Research Paper
... could view a member of the class of pigs as a brother. The Stoics believed that what goes on in the world is because of some divine providence or a god. Plato would disagree stating that there is no providence or god, only reason. Aristotle would say that the state is the highest which only through ...
... could view a member of the class of pigs as a brother. The Stoics believed that what goes on in the world is because of some divine providence or a god. Plato would disagree stating that there is no providence or god, only reason. Aristotle would say that the state is the highest which only through ...
Final Paper - The Comparison Project
... If enough is taken away, and all the inaccurate representations are lost, you have reached closer to the true nature. First, one starts “by denying those qualities which differ most from the goal we hope to attain” (Pseudo-Dionysius, 140). For the cause of all is “not soul or mind, nor does it posse ...
... If enough is taken away, and all the inaccurate representations are lost, you have reached closer to the true nature. First, one starts “by denying those qualities which differ most from the goal we hope to attain” (Pseudo-Dionysius, 140). For the cause of all is “not soul or mind, nor does it posse ...
File
... Hinduism believes in transmigration of the soul. Such transmigration is what results in reincarnation. This, in short, is the popular theory of Karma. Karma and rebirth are interrelated concepts in Indian philosophy. According to the theory of Karma, we are all part of a cycle of births and rebirths ...
... Hinduism believes in transmigration of the soul. Such transmigration is what results in reincarnation. This, in short, is the popular theory of Karma. Karma and rebirth are interrelated concepts in Indian philosophy. According to the theory of Karma, we are all part of a cycle of births and rebirths ...
Notes
... The philosophy or life stance of secular humanism (alternatively known by some adherents as Humanism, specifically with a capital H to distinguish it from other forms of humanism) embraces human reason, ethics, and philosophical naturalism while specifically rejecting religious dogma, supernaturalis ...
... The philosophy or life stance of secular humanism (alternatively known by some adherents as Humanism, specifically with a capital H to distinguish it from other forms of humanism) embraces human reason, ethics, and philosophical naturalism while specifically rejecting religious dogma, supernaturalis ...
Divine Command Theory and Moral Obligations
... Notice that, against the possibility of God creating a world with moral agencies to whom he issues no commands, there may be good reason to think that God’s freely choosing to create a world with moral agencies may just involve issuing commandments to them. I have not the space to work out such an a ...
... Notice that, against the possibility of God creating a world with moral agencies to whom he issues no commands, there may be good reason to think that God’s freely choosing to create a world with moral agencies may just involve issuing commandments to them. I have not the space to work out such an a ...
Descartes` Three Proofs of God
... Indeed, Descartes uses the term “idea” to refer to what we today think of as images. Like most of his successors in the modern period, Descartes holds a representationalist theory of ideas according to which the images that our ideas depict function as the content of our thoughts. As a corollary, h ...
... Indeed, Descartes uses the term “idea” to refer to what we today think of as images. Like most of his successors in the modern period, Descartes holds a representationalist theory of ideas according to which the images that our ideas depict function as the content of our thoughts. As a corollary, h ...
Mike Maxim
... rationalism came under attack by the British Empiricists for lacking the ability to connect knowledge with experience or reality. The empiricists, led by Hume, claimed the opposite of what the rationalists did. They held that all knowledge was a direct result of experience, and that no innate ideas ...
... rationalism came under attack by the British Empiricists for lacking the ability to connect knowledge with experience or reality. The empiricists, led by Hume, claimed the opposite of what the rationalists did. They held that all knowledge was a direct result of experience, and that no innate ideas ...
Virtuism: Philosophy and the Aesthetics of Virtue
... objective value of living a virtuous life. The pleasant and beneficial nature of the aesthetic experience is one proof Virtuism is lucky to have. Virtuism states that philosophy, science, technology, and art must look at what is inherently virtuous towards society, while they are discovering their t ...
... objective value of living a virtuous life. The pleasant and beneficial nature of the aesthetic experience is one proof Virtuism is lucky to have. Virtuism states that philosophy, science, technology, and art must look at what is inherently virtuous towards society, while they are discovering their t ...
Class #3 - 12/18/13
... Monism is the view that all of reality is one kind of thing. If, for example, you believe that all of reality is matter, or that God is the only reality, then you are a monist. Early debates among the Pre-Socratics centered on identifying a single underlying principle or source of material reality. ...
... Monism is the view that all of reality is one kind of thing. If, for example, you believe that all of reality is matter, or that God is the only reality, then you are a monist. Early debates among the Pre-Socratics centered on identifying a single underlying principle or source of material reality. ...
The Existence of God
... If you place your bet with God, you lose nothing, even if it turns out that God does not exist. But if you place it against God and you are wrong and God does not exist, you lose everything; think about it: God, eternity & heaven with those who did wager correctly. “Let us assess the two cases: if y ...
... If you place your bet with God, you lose nothing, even if it turns out that God does not exist. But if you place it against God and you are wrong and God does not exist, you lose everything; think about it: God, eternity & heaven with those who did wager correctly. “Let us assess the two cases: if y ...
EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH, VOL
... A natural way to understand philosophy and belief in God as rationality and irrationality are in terms of the proper functioning of the relevant cognitive equipment. No doubt, the intellectual game between belief and unbelief will continue. Seen from this perspective, the pertinent question whether ...
... A natural way to understand philosophy and belief in God as rationality and irrationality are in terms of the proper functioning of the relevant cognitive equipment. No doubt, the intellectual game between belief and unbelief will continue. Seen from this perspective, the pertinent question whether ...
III The lecture on Ethics
... impossible for reason to find any solution. Reason can only lead to paradox; faith is needed to overcome it. This difficulties show why all we can do morally is to live one's life. But this silence will somehow allow a person (even the most simple, un-reflected one) to eschew, avoid error and live w ...
... impossible for reason to find any solution. Reason can only lead to paradox; faith is needed to overcome it. This difficulties show why all we can do morally is to live one's life. But this silence will somehow allow a person (even the most simple, un-reflected one) to eschew, avoid error and live w ...
PHIL/RS 335
... common and generally non-controversial, though they are most frequently developed as inductive, rather than deductive arguments. • The claim of the impossibility of infinite regress is much more controversial. Copleston, in the inset on p. 62, tries to rescue this claim by insisting that Aquinas’s a ...
... common and generally non-controversial, though they are most frequently developed as inductive, rather than deductive arguments. • The claim of the impossibility of infinite regress is much more controversial. Copleston, in the inset on p. 62, tries to rescue this claim by insisting that Aquinas’s a ...
Catholic Moral Teaching Chapter 2
... the origins of these moral outlooks which rival Christianity. We may also find some unexpected points of agreement. §1. Eudaemonism and Utilitarianism Eudaemonia in Greek means happiness or prosperity. Eudaemonism describes that widespread belief that pleasure and happiness in this world is the only ...
... the origins of these moral outlooks which rival Christianity. We may also find some unexpected points of agreement. §1. Eudaemonism and Utilitarianism Eudaemonia in Greek means happiness or prosperity. Eudaemonism describes that widespread belief that pleasure and happiness in this world is the only ...
Allegory of the Cave
... the hands of Philosophers. • The Republic describes Plato’s ideal state (a small elite should rule, trained in philosophy, devoting their lives to the citizens’ happiness, living without property or families. ...
... the hands of Philosophers. • The Republic describes Plato’s ideal state (a small elite should rule, trained in philosophy, devoting their lives to the citizens’ happiness, living without property or families. ...
Right
... tools and methods of philosophy. • Morality—Concerns beliefs about right and wrong actions and good and bad persons or character. • Philosophy—The systematic exploration of life’s big questions using critical thinking and logical argument. ...
... tools and methods of philosophy. • Morality—Concerns beliefs about right and wrong actions and good and bad persons or character. • Philosophy—The systematic exploration of life’s big questions using critical thinking and logical argument. ...
Class #1
... he dispenses with a view of reality, knowledge, the good, but no one can implement this credo. The reason is that man, by his nature as a conceptual being, cannot function at all without some form of philosophy to serve as his guide. …Leonard Peikoff ...
... he dispenses with a view of reality, knowledge, the good, but no one can implement this credo. The reason is that man, by his nature as a conceptual being, cannot function at all without some form of philosophy to serve as his guide. …Leonard Peikoff ...
Analogy and the Apophatic Way - PushMe Press makes Ethics
... A common example is the use of the term faithfulness in respect of a dog and a friend. This is a case of analogy ‘downwards’, from the level of humanity to the realm of (other) animals. It seems obvious that if we speak of a friend and of our dog as being faithful, we are not using the term in the s ...
... A common example is the use of the term faithfulness in respect of a dog and a friend. This is a case of analogy ‘downwards’, from the level of humanity to the realm of (other) animals. It seems obvious that if we speak of a friend and of our dog as being faithful, we are not using the term in the s ...
Meaning of life
The meaning of life, or the answer to the question ""What is the meaning of life?"", is a philosophical and spiritual conception of the significance of living or existence in general. The question seeking the meaning of life can also be expressed in different forms, such as ""What should I do?"", ""Why are we here?"", ""What is life all about?"", and ""What is the purpose of existence?"" or even ""Does life exist at all?"" There have been a large number of proposed answers to these questions from many different cultural and ideological backgrounds. The search for life's meaning has produced much philosophical, scientific, and theological speculation throughout history.The meaning of life as we perceive it is derived from our philosophical and religious contemplation of, and scientific inquiries about existence, social ties, consciousness, and happiness. Many other issues are also involved, such as symbolic meaning, ontology, value, purpose, ethics, good and evil, free will, the existence of one or multiple gods, conceptions of God, the soul, and the afterlife. Scientific contributions focus primarily on describing related empirical facts about the universe, exploring the context and parameters concerning the 'how' of life. Science also studies and can provide recommendations for the pursuit of well-being and a related conception of morality. An alternative, humanistic approach poses the question ""What is the meaning of my life?""