Sex and sensibility: The role of social selection
... At the heart of Roughgarden’s book is a two-prong strategy: first, she claims that modern sexual selection theory must be rejected; second, she proposes an alternative framework, social selection, to explain the evolution of sexual diversity in the animal kingdom. In many ways, her dismissal of sexu ...
... At the heart of Roughgarden’s book is a two-prong strategy: first, she claims that modern sexual selection theory must be rejected; second, she proposes an alternative framework, social selection, to explain the evolution of sexual diversity in the animal kingdom. In many ways, her dismissal of sexu ...
Probability in Biology: The Case of Fitness Roberta L. Millstein
... fitter some organisms were than others and to be able to use different fitness values to predict the ...
... fitter some organisms were than others and to be able to use different fitness values to predict the ...
Disruptive Selection and then What?
... For disruptive selection to occur, the mean phenotype has to experience the lowest fitness. In the first type, which does not lead to diversification, selection prevents a population from experiencing such a situation for any significant amount of time. Instead, the population evolves away from the ...
... For disruptive selection to occur, the mean phenotype has to experience the lowest fitness. In the first type, which does not lead to diversification, selection prevents a population from experiencing such a situation for any significant amount of time. Instead, the population evolves away from the ...
2 ch._4_
... You can choose from many different physical activities and exercises to improve your fitness level, but most fall into one of two categories: 1. Aerobic exercise Anaerobic exercise Examples: Running, cycling,involves swimming, and short dancing intense bursts of activity in which 2. Anaerobic exerci ...
... You can choose from many different physical activities and exercises to improve your fitness level, but most fall into one of two categories: 1. Aerobic exercise Anaerobic exercise Examples: Running, cycling,involves swimming, and short dancing intense bursts of activity in which 2. Anaerobic exerci ...
Formation of vestigial organs
... known to be advantageous, then it cannot be assumed that they are being selected for in the first place. This means the reduction of useless structures on the basis of indirect selection is called into question, since the premise of the argument, that a favorable trait is being selected for, is also ...
... known to be advantageous, then it cannot be assumed that they are being selected for in the first place. This means the reduction of useless structures on the basis of indirect selection is called into question, since the premise of the argument, that a favorable trait is being selected for, is also ...
Why We Take Risks - University of Oregon
... largely ignored until the mid-20th century. Evolution by sexual selection holds that genetic change is also influenced by the ability to attract and win access to members of the opposite sex. The trouble with these two ideas is that they often seem to contradict each other. Natural selection essenti ...
... largely ignored until the mid-20th century. Evolution by sexual selection holds that genetic change is also influenced by the ability to attract and win access to members of the opposite sex. The trouble with these two ideas is that they often seem to contradict each other. Natural selection essenti ...
A. Directional Selection
... Construct an explanation based on evidence that the process of evolution primarily results from four factors: (1) the potential for a species to increase in number, (2) the heritable genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, (3) competition for limited re ...
... Construct an explanation based on evidence that the process of evolution primarily results from four factors: (1) the potential for a species to increase in number, (2) the heritable genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, (3) competition for limited re ...
Levels, Time and Fitness in Evolutionary Transitions in Individuality
... environment. According to this definition, the higher the product of viability and fertility of an entity is, the higher its fitness is (see Sober 2001 for more on the way of conceptualizing fitness). Although much debate exists in the literature about the status of fitness (Ariew & Lewontin 2004; G ...
... environment. According to this definition, the higher the product of viability and fertility of an entity is, the higher its fitness is (see Sober 2001 for more on the way of conceptualizing fitness). Although much debate exists in the literature about the status of fitness (Ariew & Lewontin 2004; G ...
Levels, Time and Fitness in Evolutionary
... environment. According to this definition, the higher the product of viability and fertility of an entity is, the higher its fitness is (see Sober 2001 for more on the way of conceptualizing fitness). Although much debate exists in the literature about the status of fitness (Ariew & Lewontin 2004; G ...
... environment. According to this definition, the higher the product of viability and fertility of an entity is, the higher its fitness is (see Sober 2001 for more on the way of conceptualizing fitness). Although much debate exists in the literature about the status of fitness (Ariew & Lewontin 2004; G ...
miller 2000 mentaltraits - The University of New Mexico
... For fitness indicators that aim to create an impression of how an animal ranks along a single quantitative variable, there is not really much information to convey, so the signal itself need not be very complex. Nor need the signal-production equipment be very complex. It only needs to create a disc ...
... For fitness indicators that aim to create an impression of how an animal ranks along a single quantitative variable, there is not really much information to convey, so the signal itself need not be very complex. Nor need the signal-production equipment be very complex. It only needs to create a disc ...
philosophy of biology - Carol Eunmi LEE
... Similarly, a trait in a population can have a viability fitness of 0.5 even though its census size is not cut precisely in half in the passage from egg to adult. And we say that the probability that heterozygote parents will produce a heterozygote offspring is 0.5 even though we know that some such ...
... Similarly, a trait in a population can have a viability fitness of 0.5 even though its census size is not cut precisely in half in the passage from egg to adult. And we say that the probability that heterozygote parents will produce a heterozygote offspring is 0.5 even though we know that some such ...
“Adaptation”1
... this was meant that the organisms in question were optimally designed within the applicable constraints to solve the problems posed by the environment; problems of heat, cold, wind, rain, opening up seeds, capturing prey of the sizes and speeds available, and so on. One of Darwin’s central concerns ...
... this was meant that the organisms in question were optimally designed within the applicable constraints to solve the problems posed by the environment; problems of heat, cold, wind, rain, opening up seeds, capturing prey of the sizes and speeds available, and so on. One of Darwin’s central concerns ...
The Postulated Resemblance of Natural to Artificial Selection
... general fitness of the latter, while in natural selection, according to theory, utility of characters and general fitness are the ruling factors. This point also is conceded by Darwin, who says: "It is obvious that a host of artificial races could never survive in a state of nature;—such as Italian ...
... general fitness of the latter, while in natural selection, according to theory, utility of characters and general fitness are the ruling factors. This point also is conceded by Darwin, who says: "It is obvious that a host of artificial races could never survive in a state of nature;—such as Italian ...
Lesson 1.1: Fitness for Life
... • A high level of fitness means that you have a healthy cardiovascular system. • Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. ...
... • A high level of fitness means that you have a healthy cardiovascular system. • Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. ...
Origins of evolutionary transitions
... Maynard Smith and Szathmáry included several additional events, which I have omitted here because they are more controversial. They included the origin of sex, and also of language, because they characterized the transitions as being a reorganization of the way in which information is transmitted ac ...
... Maynard Smith and Szathmáry included several additional events, which I have omitted here because they are more controversial. They included the origin of sex, and also of language, because they characterized the transitions as being a reorganization of the way in which information is transmitted ac ...
Two Ways of Thinking about Fitness and Natural Selection
... the same way, even if predictive fitness is thought of as a propensity, and so a cause of evolutionary change, it is so closely identified with that change as to make no difference from a scientific point of view-explaining one is the same as explaining the other. Now, what is the relationship betwe ...
... the same way, even if predictive fitness is thought of as a propensity, and so a cause of evolutionary change, it is so closely identified with that change as to make no difference from a scientific point of view-explaining one is the same as explaining the other. Now, what is the relationship betwe ...
Reviving the Superorganism
... Individuals become functionally organized to survive and reproduce in their environments by the process of natural selection. The question of whether larger units such as groups and communities can possess similar properties of functional organization, and therefore be regarded as "'superorganisms", ...
... Individuals become functionally organized to survive and reproduce in their environments by the process of natural selection. The question of whether larger units such as groups and communities can possess similar properties of functional organization, and therefore be regarded as "'superorganisms", ...
View/Open - Rice Scholarship Home
... on to later generations by heredity, and in this way racial adaptations are supposed to have originated. T h u s all racial o r inherent adaptations are held to have come from individual or acquired ones. T h e increased pigmentation of the skin of one who is exposed to tropical light is said to be ...
... on to later generations by heredity, and in this way racial adaptations are supposed to have originated. T h u s all racial o r inherent adaptations are held to have come from individual or acquired ones. T h e increased pigmentation of the skin of one who is exposed to tropical light is said to be ...
dos and don`ts of testing the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution
... spots. The data required for this statistical framework are 1) traits of interacting individuals and 2) fitness consequences of individual interactions for both ...
... spots. The data required for this statistical framework are 1) traits of interacting individuals and 2) fitness consequences of individual interactions for both ...
Adaptive Approaches Towards Better GA Performance in Dynamic
... In almost all simulations using GAs with populations of neural networks the fitness formula is fixed and decided by the researcher. Yet, the fitness formula should be let free to evolve as any other trait of the organisms without any necessary control from the researcher, since a moment of reflecti ...
... In almost all simulations using GAs with populations of neural networks the fitness formula is fixed and decided by the researcher. Yet, the fitness formula should be let free to evolve as any other trait of the organisms without any necessary control from the researcher, since a moment of reflecti ...
Network Centric Warfare as Complex Optimization: An - UNI-NKE
... Proponents also assume that network centric warfare can help eliminate stove-pipe legacy systems, parochial organizational interests, redundant and non-interoperable military sys- tems, and optimize investments for information technology systems. Due to its horizontal focus the concept stands for do ...
... Proponents also assume that network centric warfare can help eliminate stove-pipe legacy systems, parochial organizational interests, redundant and non-interoperable military sys- tems, and optimize investments for information technology systems. Due to its horizontal focus the concept stands for do ...
4 Natural Selection and Variation
... At the same level in the chain are competitors that may be competing for the same limited resources of food, or space. An organism competes most closely with other members of its own species, because they have the most similar ecological needs to its own. Other species, in decreasing order of ecolog ...
... At the same level in the chain are competitors that may be competing for the same limited resources of food, or space. An organism competes most closely with other members of its own species, because they have the most similar ecological needs to its own. Other species, in decreasing order of ecolog ...
Estimating the Form of Natural Selection on a Quantitative Trait
... The relationshipto the moving average son. The main problem with these alterclarifiessome of the propertiesof the cubic nativedistributionsis thatfitnessis restrictspline. The spline provides a more local es- ed (O < ftz) < 1 in the binomial case, and timate of the regressionsurfacethan stan- 1(z) ' ...
... The relationshipto the moving average son. The main problem with these alterclarifiessome of the propertiesof the cubic nativedistributionsis thatfitnessis restrictspline. The spline provides a more local es- ed (O < ftz) < 1 in the binomial case, and timate of the regressionsurfacethan stan- 1(z) ' ...
Chapter 3 : Skill themes, Movement Concepts and National Standards
... fitness parameters. As part of an ongoing program of physical education, children are physically prepared in each fitness component so they can safely complete the assessment. ...
... fitness parameters. As part of an ongoing program of physical education, children are physically prepared in each fitness component so they can safely complete the assessment. ...
Perspectives - Indiana University Bloomington
... risk prone, will increase fitness (figure 3). The concept of concave-down, risk-averse utility was discovered by Bernoulli (1738). Its generalization to nonlinear curves with proper probability theory is due to Hölder (1889) and Jensen (1906). One of their results, Jensen’s inequality, is a useful a ...
... risk prone, will increase fitness (figure 3). The concept of concave-down, risk-averse utility was discovered by Bernoulli (1738). Its generalization to nonlinear curves with proper probability theory is due to Hölder (1889) and Jensen (1906). One of their results, Jensen’s inequality, is a useful a ...