• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
PHYS-204: College Physics II
PHYS-204: College Physics II

... Attendance in a physics course is essential for any degree of success in that course. When it is determined that lack of attendance is jeopardizing the success of the student, counseling will be in order to conclude whether the student should remain enrolled in the class. The student should not miss ...
ENGR-211: Engineering Physics II
ENGR-211: Engineering Physics II

... Attendance in a physics course is essential for any degree of success in that course. When it is determined that lack of attendance is jeopardizing the success of the student, counseling will be in order to conclude whether the student should remain enrolled in the class. The student should not miss ...
Precalculus: Graphical, Numerical, Algebraic, 7th Edition © 2007
Precalculus: Graphical, Numerical, Algebraic, 7th Edition © 2007

... Construct logical verifications or counterexamples to test conjectures and to justify or refute algorithms and solutions to problems. ...
transcribed slides
transcribed slides

... we're adding a bunch of large #'s, then subtracting a large # -- of course, the advantage for this is that it is a "one-pass" algorithm, whereas the first one was a "twopass" algorithm ...
Determining the Number of Polynomial Integrals
Determining the Number of Polynomial Integrals

... Determining the Number of Polynomial Integrals Andreas Vollmer with Boris Kruglikov (Tromsø) and Georgios Lukes-Gerakopoulos (Prague) Friedrich Schiller University Jena FDIS 2015 ...
preprint.
preprint.

... unknown coefficients. Thus, having the basis functions 1 ,  2 ,,  N we can assemble the stiffness matrix A , the load vector F , and we can solve the linear algebraic system Ac  F for coefficients c , which define the approximate solution u hp . Notice that N  dim Vhp is the number of linear a ...
CIRCU ITS GALORE !
CIRCU ITS GALORE !

... glow. lf the blue dots represent electrons, which side of the battery is the + side (higher potential)? Explain. Use the voltage meter to check your answer (the meter shows the potential of the red probe minus the potential of the black probe). ...
lecture2-planning-p
lecture2-planning-p

... [Chow & Tsitsiklis ’89] C.S. Chow and J.N. Tsitsiklis: The complexity of dynamic programming, Journal of Complexity, 5:466—488, 1989. [Kearns et al. ’02] M.J. Kearns, Y. Mansour, A.Y. Ng: A sparse sampling algorithm for near-optimal planning in large Markov decision processes. Machine Learning 49: 1 ...
The Fundamental Theorem of Numerical Analysis
The Fundamental Theorem of Numerical Analysis

... and the statement is proved, per context. As an abstract the distance between the numerical solution and the exact statement, it seems to be a principle rather than a theorem. solution goes to zero as the method parameter approaches (Generalized versions of the theorem shift the work into some limit ...
Style E 24 by 48
Style E 24 by 48

... Applied and Computational Mathematics California Institute of Technology ...
Honors Physics Syllabus
Honors Physics Syllabus

... Additional homework conceptual questions from the text are also assigned. ...
Problem Set 9
Problem Set 9

... instructor during the grading session on either Monday April 20 or Tuesday April 21 from 6:30 pm to 8:30 pm in 302 EE West. To earn full credit you must follow the instructions below. 1. Implement the FSM in C using Exercise 3 in Laboratory #16 as a guide. 2. Realize the finite state machine using n ...
ps19
ps19

... we get the plot at right. The solution reaches a vertical asymptote (and cannot continue past it) well before the value t = 1. ii. For y1 , y2 ∈ R, we look at the quantity | f (t, y2 ) − f (t, y1 )| = |y22 − y21 | = |y2 + y1 | |y2 − y1 | . Since this is strict equality throughout, we see that there ...
Parallel Processing, Part 1
Parallel Processing, Part 1

...  In complexity theory, problems are divided into several complexity classes according to their running times on a single-processor system (or a deterministic Turing machine, to be more exact). ...
Inverse Probleme und Inkorrektheits-Ph¨anomene
Inverse Probleme und Inkorrektheits-Ph¨anomene

... On certain function spaces X compactly disturbed multiplication operators T = Λ a −K : X → X usually lead to ill-posed inverse problems (T, X, X), if the multiplier function a has zeros on its domain of definition. In this context, we present a classification of compact perturbations K in dependence ...
Some Problems
Some Problems

... then makes a right turn (90 degrees) and travels due east for 1 mile. He makes another right turn and travels dues south for 1 mile and finds himself precisely at the point he departed from, that is, back at his campsite. Where is the campsite located (or where on earth could such a sequence of even ...
Computational Prototyping Tools and Techniques J. K. White 
Computational Prototyping Tools and Techniques J. K. White 

... complicated 3-D structures. This method, based on a Krylov-subspace technique, namely the Arnoldi iteration, reformulates the system of linear ODE's resulting from the FASTHENRY eqquation into a state-space form and directly produces a reduced-order model in state-space form. The key advantage of th ...
Motivation Optimization problem Hydrodynamics in cube Inspiration
Motivation Optimization problem Hydrodynamics in cube Inspiration

... During the study of astrophysics, students are oen exposed to problems, which must be solved using standard numerical methods, like optimization, integration, differentiation or Monte Carlo simulation. With the power of the Python programming language and the huge amount of scientific libraries it i ...
Statement of Statement of Recent and Current Research (2007–2013)
Statement of Statement of Recent and Current Research (2007–2013)

... differential equations, inverse problems of mathematical physics, and signal processing. This approach is now recognized by specialists, and I collaborate with many mathematicians, scientists and engineers all over the world in developing my methods, in particular, the efficient Boundary Control met ...
Lesson Plans 11/24
Lesson Plans 11/24

... Note: Nothing larger than a binomial multiplied by a trinomial. A1.1.1.5.2 Factor algebraic expressions, including difference of squares and trinomials. Note: Trinomials are limited to the form ax2 + bx + c where a is equal to 1 after factoring out all monomial factors. A1.1.1.5.3 Simplify/reduce a ...
A review of Gauss`s 3/23/1835 talk on quadratic functions
A review of Gauss`s 3/23/1835 talk on quadratic functions

... is tangent to the x-axis. If the roots are not real, then they are complex conjugate pairs, meaning r1 r2 is real. Because f is a polynomial, the chain rule can be possible that ...
NARESUAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING The Finite
NARESUAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING The Finite

... theorems, functionals or differential equations with a prescribed set of boundary conditions. These problems may be as diversed as structural, elasticity, heat transfer, fluid flow, magnetic field, soil-structure interaction, and fluid-structuresoil interaction problems. Finding a solution that sati ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Computer Science University of Victoria
PowerPoint Presentation - Computer Science University of Victoria

... o'clock, Anne and I were awakened by someone banging on our front door. It was Neyman. He rushed in with papers in hand, all excited: "I've just written an introduction to one of your papers. Read it so I can send it out right away for publication." For a minute I had no idea what he was talking abo ...
Connections Between Duality in Control Theory and Convex
Connections Between Duality in Control Theory and Convex

... straightforward to write down the dual convex optimization problem. This dual problem can be often be reinterpreted in control-theoretic terms, yielding new insight. The control-theoretic interpretation of the dual problem in turn helps in the ecient (numerical) implementation of primal-dual algori ...
PEQWS_Mod04_Prob01_v03 - Courses
PEQWS_Mod04_Prob01_v03 - Courses

... and then take the ratio to get the solution. Another possibility is to find the Thévenin resistance directly. Here, and generally when we are asked for only the equivalent resistance, it is fastest to solve for it directly. This is true even when there are dependent sources present, as here. Therefo ...
< 1 2 3 >

P versus NP problem



The P versus NP problem is a major unsolved problem in computer science. Informally, it asks whether every problem whose solution can be quickly verified by a computer can also be quickly solved by a computer. It was essentially first mentioned in a 1956 letter written by Kurt Gödel to John von Neumann. Gödel asked whether a certain NP-complete problem could be solved in quadratic or linear time. The precise statement of the P versus NP problem was introduced in 1971 by Stephen Cook in his seminal paper ""The complexity of theorem proving procedures"" and is considered by many to be the most important open problem in the field. It is one of the seven Millennium Prize Problems selected by the Clay Mathematics Institute to carry a US$1,000,000 prize for the first correct solution.The informal term quickly, used above, means the existence of an algorithm for the task that runs in polynomial time. The general class of questions for which some algorithm can provide an answer in polynomial time is called ""class P"" or just ""P"". For some questions, there is no known way to find an answer quickly, but if one is provided with information showing what the answer is, it is possible to verify the answer quickly. The class of questions for which an answer can be verified in polynomial time is called NP.Consider the subset sum problem, an example of a problem that is easy to verify, but whose answer may be difficult to compute. Given a set of integers, does some nonempty subset of them sum to 0? For instance, does a subset of the set {−2, −3, 15, 14, 7, −10} add up to 0? The answer ""yes, because the subset {−2, −3, −10, 15} adds up to zero"" can be quickly verified with three additions. However, there is no known algorithm to find such a subset in polynomial time (there is one, however, in exponential time, which consists of 2n-n-1 tries), but such an algorithm exists if P = NP; hence this problem is in NP (quickly checkable) but not necessarily in P (quickly solvable).An answer to the P = NP question would determine whether problems that can be verified in polynomial time, like the subset-sum problem, can also be solved in polynomial time. If it turned out that P ≠ NP, it would mean that there are problems in NP (such as NP-complete problems) that are harder to compute than to verify: they could not be solved in polynomial time, but the answer could be verified in polynomial time.Aside from being an important problem in computational theory, a proof either way would have profound implications for mathematics, cryptography, algorithm research, artificial intelligence, game theory, multimedia processing, philosophy, economics and many other fields.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report