Derived copy of Bis2A 07.2 Fermentation
... During glycolysis NAD+ is reduced to NADH and glucose is oxidized to pyruvate. During this process the cells must regenerate NAD+ by a second redox reaction. In respiration, this occurs when NADH is used ...
... During glycolysis NAD+ is reduced to NADH and glucose is oxidized to pyruvate. During this process the cells must regenerate NAD+ by a second redox reaction. In respiration, this occurs when NADH is used ...
L22 - Supplementary Student Notes Package
... Every chemical reaction involves the rearrangement of atoms into different combinations. However, during these reactions, the total number of atoms of each type of element is the same after the reaction as it was before the reaction. ...
... Every chemical reaction involves the rearrangement of atoms into different combinations. However, during these reactions, the total number of atoms of each type of element is the same after the reaction as it was before the reaction. ...
Unit D: Quantitative Relationships in Chemical Change
... Every chemical reaction involves the rearrangement of atoms into different combinations. However, during these reactions, the total number of atoms of each type of element is the same after the reaction as it was before the reaction. ...
... Every chemical reaction involves the rearrangement of atoms into different combinations. However, during these reactions, the total number of atoms of each type of element is the same after the reaction as it was before the reaction. ...
Respiratory System ppt
... Bronchitis is a disorder that causes the bronchi to become inflamed and filled with mucus, which is expelled by coughing. Pneumonia is a disease that occurs when the alveoli in the lungs become inflamed and fill with liquids. This interferes with gas exchange, and the body becomes starved for oxygen ...
... Bronchitis is a disorder that causes the bronchi to become inflamed and filled with mucus, which is expelled by coughing. Pneumonia is a disease that occurs when the alveoli in the lungs become inflamed and fill with liquids. This interferes with gas exchange, and the body becomes starved for oxygen ...
Document
... 6.16 Cells use many kinds of organic molecules as fuel for cellular respiration • Polysaccharides can be hydrolyzed to monosaccharides and then converted to glucose for glycolysis • Proteins can be digested to amino acids, which are chemically altered and then used in the ...
... 6.16 Cells use many kinds of organic molecules as fuel for cellular respiration • Polysaccharides can be hydrolyzed to monosaccharides and then converted to glucose for glycolysis • Proteins can be digested to amino acids, which are chemically altered and then used in the ...
Chapter 35 Plant Structure
... of support material (lots of cellulose and lignin). Stems also contain the ‘buds’ from which leaves arise. Several buds, which give rise to several ‘branches’ of a plant tend to occur in bunches called ‘nodes.’ Thus, several branches, or several leaves appear to arise from the same place (a node) on ...
... of support material (lots of cellulose and lignin). Stems also contain the ‘buds’ from which leaves arise. Several buds, which give rise to several ‘branches’ of a plant tend to occur in bunches called ‘nodes.’ Thus, several branches, or several leaves appear to arise from the same place (a node) on ...
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy
... C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O • The reactants in photosynthesis are the same as the products of cellular respiration. ...
... C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O • The reactants in photosynthesis are the same as the products of cellular respiration. ...
document
... •Young roots grow very fine roots hairs to help the plant gain maximum amount of water when they are still very small and can’t reach so far into the surrounding soil •The root hairs increase the amount of surface area the root has and can therefore gather more water, this is more effective than gro ...
... •Young roots grow very fine roots hairs to help the plant gain maximum amount of water when they are still very small and can’t reach so far into the surrounding soil •The root hairs increase the amount of surface area the root has and can therefore gather more water, this is more effective than gro ...
I. ATP is Universal
... A. ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate and is a nucleotide. B. ATP was present 3.5 billion years ago when life began. C. ATP is universal in its distribution through living organisms. D. The splitting of ATP releases energy for work. E. The three phosphate groups of ATP repel each other. The forma ...
... A. ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate and is a nucleotide. B. ATP was present 3.5 billion years ago when life began. C. ATP is universal in its distribution through living organisms. D. The splitting of ATP releases energy for work. E. The three phosphate groups of ATP repel each other. The forma ...
Anabolism
... The high-energy electrons still contain most of the chemical energy of the original glucose molecule. Special carrier molecules bring the high-energy electrons to a series of enzymes that convert much of the remaining energy to more ATP molecules. The other products are heat and water. The function ...
... The high-energy electrons still contain most of the chemical energy of the original glucose molecule. Special carrier molecules bring the high-energy electrons to a series of enzymes that convert much of the remaining energy to more ATP molecules. The other products are heat and water. The function ...
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
... Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included ...
... Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included ...
AP Biology Prep Course Unit 4
... All functional groups, with the exception of the methyl group, increase the solubility of a molecule. The phosphate functional group deserves special mention as it is extremely important in many cellular processes. This ionized group contains a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. See Figure ...
... All functional groups, with the exception of the methyl group, increase the solubility of a molecule. The phosphate functional group deserves special mention as it is extremely important in many cellular processes. This ionized group contains a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. See Figure ...
Final Exam (5/15/14)
... finish it. Some advice, save the more difficult problems for the end. 4. Please, show all your work and be certain that all your explanations are given as complete sentences and that all your calculations contain the right units. No credit is given to the right answer for the wrong reason. ...
... finish it. Some advice, save the more difficult problems for the end. 4. Please, show all your work and be certain that all your explanations are given as complete sentences and that all your calculations contain the right units. No credit is given to the right answer for the wrong reason. ...
two parts/categories roots shoots stem leaves flowers roots The
... In herbaceous dicot stems, the vascular system makes a ring, with the phloem to the exterior and xylem to the interior. In woody dicot plants, the rings grow to make a complete ring around the stem. Xylem growth makes the “annual rings” used to tell a tree’s age. In woody dicot plants, water and min ...
... In herbaceous dicot stems, the vascular system makes a ring, with the phloem to the exterior and xylem to the interior. In woody dicot plants, the rings grow to make a complete ring around the stem. Xylem growth makes the “annual rings” used to tell a tree’s age. In woody dicot plants, water and min ...
Slide 1
... ETC As electrons pass down chain, H+ ions are pumped into inter-mitochondrial space making a charge gradient. Gradient provides energy for ATP synthase to add the P group. At the end of the chain, an enzyme combines the electrons with H+ and oxygen to form water, a by-product of electron ...
... ETC As electrons pass down chain, H+ ions are pumped into inter-mitochondrial space making a charge gradient. Gradient provides energy for ATP synthase to add the P group. At the end of the chain, an enzyme combines the electrons with H+ and oxygen to form water, a by-product of electron ...
OGT Reivew3 - HensonsBiologyPage
... Aerobic respiration is where the cell makes ATP in the presence of oxygen. Anaerobic respiration is where the cell can make ATP when no oxygen is available. To understand how ATP is made, we have to better understand sugar (glucose) Next ...
... Aerobic respiration is where the cell makes ATP in the presence of oxygen. Anaerobic respiration is where the cell can make ATP when no oxygen is available. To understand how ATP is made, we have to better understand sugar (glucose) Next ...
Chapter 2 – The Molecules of Cells
... 3) High Heat Capacity – Water can absorb a great deal of heat (energy) before a change in temperature will occur 4) High Heat of Vaporization – Water requires a lot of heat (energy) to be evaporated The last two are keys to regulating temperature Chemical reactions in your body generate a lot of hea ...
... 3) High Heat Capacity – Water can absorb a great deal of heat (energy) before a change in temperature will occur 4) High Heat of Vaporization – Water requires a lot of heat (energy) to be evaporated The last two are keys to regulating temperature Chemical reactions in your body generate a lot of hea ...
Chapter 2: Principles of Ecology
... in a wide range of climates. The climate, soils, plants, and animals in one part of the world can be very different from those same factors in other parts of the world. Living things are affected by both the physical or nonliving environment and by other living things. ...
... in a wide range of climates. The climate, soils, plants, and animals in one part of the world can be very different from those same factors in other parts of the world. Living things are affected by both the physical or nonliving environment and by other living things. ...
File - Groby Bio Page
... CoA is released to transport more pyruvate into the matrix A C6 fragment is formed (citrate) ...
... CoA is released to transport more pyruvate into the matrix A C6 fragment is formed (citrate) ...
Fatty Acid Catabolism
... B) Fatty acyl CoA. C) Acetoacetyl CoA. D) Lysophospholipid CoA. 2. There are four steps in the β-oxidation pathway. Some reaction types are listed below. Give the proper reaction types in the order that they occur in the ...
... B) Fatty acyl CoA. C) Acetoacetyl CoA. D) Lysophospholipid CoA. 2. There are four steps in the β-oxidation pathway. Some reaction types are listed below. Give the proper reaction types in the order that they occur in the ...
Chapt 6
... • Your body requires a continuous supply of energy just to stay alive—to keep your heart pumping and ...
... • Your body requires a continuous supply of energy just to stay alive—to keep your heart pumping and ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, ""light"", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. Furthermore, two further compounds are generated: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle, but some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents, such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, as sources of electrons, rather than water. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed to the oxygen catastrophe, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization.Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year.