The Nitrogen Cycle
... make : NO3• Plants can then absorb these compounds through their roots and use the nitrogen. Animals can get nitrogen by eating plants and other animals. ...
... make : NO3• Plants can then absorb these compounds through their roots and use the nitrogen. Animals can get nitrogen by eating plants and other animals. ...
Comp 2 PPT
... • Energy- the ability to move or change matter. • A. Energy is stored and released by chemical reactions. • B.Reactants and products • Chemical reaction absorb and release energy • 1.Freezing water releases energy • 2.Melting ice absorbs energy http://www.windows.ucar.edu/teacher_resources/activitie ...
... • Energy- the ability to move or change matter. • A. Energy is stored and released by chemical reactions. • B.Reactants and products • Chemical reaction absorb and release energy • 1.Freezing water releases energy • 2.Melting ice absorbs energy http://www.windows.ucar.edu/teacher_resources/activitie ...
acetyl CoA
... • The respiratory chain is a sequence of redox reactions, during which proteins in different complexes accept electrons and donate them immediately to the next complex. • Oxygen is the final electron acceptor. ...
... • The respiratory chain is a sequence of redox reactions, during which proteins in different complexes accept electrons and donate them immediately to the next complex. • Oxygen is the final electron acceptor. ...
Pressure
... • The only point of attachment for each lung is at the hilum, or root, on the medial side. This is where the bronchi, blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves enter the lungs. • Each lung is enclosed by a double-layered serous membrane, called the pleura. The visceral pleura is firmly attached to the s ...
... • The only point of attachment for each lung is at the hilum, or root, on the medial side. This is where the bronchi, blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves enter the lungs. • Each lung is enclosed by a double-layered serous membrane, called the pleura. The visceral pleura is firmly attached to the s ...
Nitrogen Assimilation 1. Introduction and Overview Importance of
... glutamate + NH4 + ATP -‐> glutamine + ADP + Pi ...
... glutamate + NH4 + ATP -‐> glutamine + ADP + Pi ...
Check your Wellness The respiratory system carries oxygen into the
... smaller tubes called the bronchi. Each bronchus then divides again forming the bronchial tubes. The bronchial tubes lead directly into the lungs where they divide into many smaller tubes, which connect to tiny sacs called alveoli. The average adult's lungs contain about 600 million of these spongy, ...
... smaller tubes called the bronchi. Each bronchus then divides again forming the bronchial tubes. The bronchial tubes lead directly into the lungs where they divide into many smaller tubes, which connect to tiny sacs called alveoli. The average adult's lungs contain about 600 million of these spongy, ...
The Chemistry of Digestion - American Chemical Society
... reacts with water and is the opposite of condensation polymerization, because a water molecule is used during the reaction instead of being released. Starches are known as polysaccharides. Starch consists of hundreds to thousands of individual glucose molecules bonded together (Fig. 3). During diges ...
... reacts with water and is the opposite of condensation polymerization, because a water molecule is used during the reaction instead of being released. Starches are known as polysaccharides. Starch consists of hundreds to thousands of individual glucose molecules bonded together (Fig. 3). During diges ...
RevisionResource
... As we breathe in, the diaphragm contracts and depresses so that a lot of air enters and fills up the lungs. The ribs are therefore raised. When we breathe out, the ribs return to their original position and the diaphragm relaxes and arches upwards. The air is forced out of the lungs and returns the ...
... As we breathe in, the diaphragm contracts and depresses so that a lot of air enters and fills up the lungs. The ribs are therefore raised. When we breathe out, the ribs return to their original position and the diaphragm relaxes and arches upwards. The air is forced out of the lungs and returns the ...
Cell respiration Practice
... Proteins are the molecules least likely to be broken down, but they store about the same amount of energy as carbohydrates. 10) What types of molecules are broken down to make ATP? Which are most often broken down to make ATP? 11) Which type of organic compound supplies the most ATP to cells? 12) De ...
... Proteins are the molecules least likely to be broken down, but they store about the same amount of energy as carbohydrates. 10) What types of molecules are broken down to make ATP? Which are most often broken down to make ATP? 11) Which type of organic compound supplies the most ATP to cells? 12) De ...
Why ATP?
... Electrons removed in these oxidation steps are transferred to coenzymes specialized for carrying electrons, such as NAD and FAD. ...
... Electrons removed in these oxidation steps are transferred to coenzymes specialized for carrying electrons, such as NAD and FAD. ...
ch5_SP13x
... • Acidified ( high [H+] ) by action of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) – H+ are pumped from matrix into this compartment – ATP synthase lets them back into the matrix ...
... • Acidified ( high [H+] ) by action of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) – H+ are pumped from matrix into this compartment – ATP synthase lets them back into the matrix ...
Cellular Respiration Notes (8.3)
... • Final step in the breakdown of glucose Purpose: Converts ADP to ATP by transferring electrons Location: Mitochondria ...
... • Final step in the breakdown of glucose Purpose: Converts ADP to ATP by transferring electrons Location: Mitochondria ...
Leaf Structure and Function
... their mineral requirements by digesting insects and other small animals. The leaves of carnivorous plants are adapted to attract, capture, and digest their animal prey. Some carnivorous plants have passive traps. The leaves of a pitcher plant, for example, are shaped so that rainwater collects and f ...
... their mineral requirements by digesting insects and other small animals. The leaves of carnivorous plants are adapted to attract, capture, and digest their animal prey. Some carnivorous plants have passive traps. The leaves of a pitcher plant, for example, are shaped so that rainwater collects and f ...
Carbohydrate and sugar structure
... which living systems acquire and utilize free energy to carry out their functions They couple exergonic reactions of nutrient breakdown to the endergonic processes required to maintain the living state Catabolism (degradation): nutrients and cell constituents broken down to salvage components and/or ...
... which living systems acquire and utilize free energy to carry out their functions They couple exergonic reactions of nutrient breakdown to the endergonic processes required to maintain the living state Catabolism (degradation): nutrients and cell constituents broken down to salvage components and/or ...
Biology Study Guide - Barnstable Academy
... 10. What does a reviewer do during peer-review? a. Focus on mistakes in spelling. b. Change data to support results. c. Check for mistakes and bias. d. Repeat the experiments in the article. 11. Suppose that a scientific idea is well-tested and can be used to make predictions in numerous new situati ...
... 10. What does a reviewer do during peer-review? a. Focus on mistakes in spelling. b. Change data to support results. c. Check for mistakes and bias. d. Repeat the experiments in the article. 11. Suppose that a scientific idea is well-tested and can be used to make predictions in numerous new situati ...
the Citric Acid cycle
... of pyruvate catalysed by pyruvate carboxylase, which only operates in the presence of Acetyl CoA (a build-up of which signifies the need for more oxaloacetate!).1 o Mamals cannot synthesise glucose from fat. This is because mammals can obtain a two carbon unit from fat, which they can use to synthes ...
... of pyruvate catalysed by pyruvate carboxylase, which only operates in the presence of Acetyl CoA (a build-up of which signifies the need for more oxaloacetate!).1 o Mamals cannot synthesise glucose from fat. This is because mammals can obtain a two carbon unit from fat, which they can use to synthes ...
ap08 biology form b sgs - AP Central
... (d) An inner membrane of a mitochondrion Unit Structure—Organization/Assembly (must demonstrate organization to inner membrane): • Phospholipids and proteins (or component later in sequence)—describe at least one • → organization of proteins (specific respiratory molecules together) → folding → memb ...
... (d) An inner membrane of a mitochondrion Unit Structure—Organization/Assembly (must demonstrate organization to inner membrane): • Phospholipids and proteins (or component later in sequence)—describe at least one • → organization of proteins (specific respiratory molecules together) → folding → memb ...
Section 2
... Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere helps to moderate Earth’s climate. Carbon dioxide traps heat from the sun that would otherwise radiate from Earth back into space. The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increased during the past century. Scientists think that this increase in atmospheric car ...
... Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere helps to moderate Earth’s climate. Carbon dioxide traps heat from the sun that would otherwise radiate from Earth back into space. The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increased during the past century. Scientists think that this increase in atmospheric car ...
Chapter 9
... Anaerobic respiration is similar to aerobic respiration but consumes compounds other than O2 ...
... Anaerobic respiration is similar to aerobic respiration but consumes compounds other than O2 ...
Biology STARR-EOC Review http://nvhsvikings.wikispaces.com/file
... Temperature and pH 3. Enzymes are types of what organic compound? Proteins 4. Why is the enzyme-substrate complex compared to a lock and key? Enzymes are shaped so only a specific substrate will fit in the active site ...
... Temperature and pH 3. Enzymes are types of what organic compound? Proteins 4. Why is the enzyme-substrate complex compared to a lock and key? Enzymes are shaped so only a specific substrate will fit in the active site ...
Mitochondrial Shuttles and Transporters - Rose
... The citrate-pyruvate shuttle as drawn here is irreversible, because four of the enzymes (pyruvate carboxylase, citrate synthase, ATP-citrate lyase, and malic enzyme) and the pyruvate pump mediate irreversible processes. Note, however, that the citrate and malate are transported across the membrane b ...
... The citrate-pyruvate shuttle as drawn here is irreversible, because four of the enzymes (pyruvate carboxylase, citrate synthase, ATP-citrate lyase, and malic enzyme) and the pyruvate pump mediate irreversible processes. Note, however, that the citrate and malate are transported across the membrane b ...
word
... BL 616 Test 2 study guide. The test will probably have 25 multiple choice, and about 10 problems with short answers; maybe a passage(s) to read and several questions to answer, structures to draw. Look between the different chapters, not just each alone. Read the PowerPoint slides, paying attention ...
... BL 616 Test 2 study guide. The test will probably have 25 multiple choice, and about 10 problems with short answers; maybe a passage(s) to read and several questions to answer, structures to draw. Look between the different chapters, not just each alone. Read the PowerPoint slides, paying attention ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, ""light"", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. Furthermore, two further compounds are generated: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle, but some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents, such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, as sources of electrons, rather than water. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed to the oxygen catastrophe, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization.Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year.