Lecture 17 Glycolysis (continued) Recap Phases: priming: glucose
... “Why do proliferating cells switch to a less efficient metabolism?” (see Science 324:1029 May 22, 2009) probable answer: growth requires more C-compounds and reduction power (NADPH), intermediates of respiration, than ATP energy Also see: “Understanding the Warburg effect: the metabolic requirements ...
... “Why do proliferating cells switch to a less efficient metabolism?” (see Science 324:1029 May 22, 2009) probable answer: growth requires more C-compounds and reduction power (NADPH), intermediates of respiration, than ATP energy Also see: “Understanding the Warburg effect: the metabolic requirements ...
Slide 1
... Our bodies perform aerobic respiration most of the time, as long as the supply of oxygen remains high enough. ...
... Our bodies perform aerobic respiration most of the time, as long as the supply of oxygen remains high enough. ...
Cellular Respiration
... •However, these fuels do not spontaneously combine with O2 because they lack the activation energy. •Enzymes lower the barrier of activation energy, allowing these fuels to be oxidized slowly. 5. The “fall” of electrons during respiration is stepwise, via NAD+ and an electron transport chain •Cellul ...
... •However, these fuels do not spontaneously combine with O2 because they lack the activation energy. •Enzymes lower the barrier of activation energy, allowing these fuels to be oxidized slowly. 5. The “fall” of electrons during respiration is stepwise, via NAD+ and an electron transport chain •Cellul ...
The Wonderful World of Plants The Wonderful World of Plants
... Much of what you eat comes from plants. Do you eat apples and bananas? Do you snack on potato chips or corn chips? Do you enjoy salads? Do you chomp on bread or cereal? Have you ever tried a mixture of chocolate, nuts, and raisins? All these foods come from plants! When you think of eating plant par ...
... Much of what you eat comes from plants. Do you eat apples and bananas? Do you snack on potato chips or corn chips? Do you enjoy salads? Do you chomp on bread or cereal? Have you ever tried a mixture of chocolate, nuts, and raisins? All these foods come from plants! When you think of eating plant par ...
11.lec11_biochemical-cycles - Lightweight OCW University of
... Dr.-Eng. Hasan Hamouda Eng. Osama Othman ...
... Dr.-Eng. Hasan Hamouda Eng. Osama Othman ...
Plant Science notes
... Stomata closed during the light, open at night CAM metabolism: CO2 is fixed during the night, water loss in the day is minimized. CAM plants, American aloe, pineapple, Kalanchoe, Yucca When the weather is hot and dry, keeps its stomata closed most of the time, conserving water. At the same ti ...
... Stomata closed during the light, open at night CAM metabolism: CO2 is fixed during the night, water loss in the day is minimized. CAM plants, American aloe, pineapple, Kalanchoe, Yucca When the weather is hot and dry, keeps its stomata closed most of the time, conserving water. At the same ti ...
Bio AP chp 9 notes
... However, these fuels do not spontaneously combine with O2 because they lack the activation energy. ...
... However, these fuels do not spontaneously combine with O2 because they lack the activation energy. ...
Document
... from inorganic substances, using light or chemical energy. Green plants, algae, and certain bacteria are autotrophs. Heterotroph: An organism that cannot synthesize its own food and is dependent on complex organic substances for nutrition. ...
... from inorganic substances, using light or chemical energy. Green plants, algae, and certain bacteria are autotrophs. Heterotroph: An organism that cannot synthesize its own food and is dependent on complex organic substances for nutrition. ...
21/Interdependence in the Sea
... into hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Hydrogen sulfide (which smells like rotten eggs) is toxic, so plants and algae cannot use it. Chemosynthetic bacteria convert the hydrogen sulfide into sulfur. But this form is still not suitable for absorption by algae. Special sulfur bacteria, however, convert sulfur i ...
... into hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Hydrogen sulfide (which smells like rotten eggs) is toxic, so plants and algae cannot use it. Chemosynthetic bacteria convert the hydrogen sulfide into sulfur. But this form is still not suitable for absorption by algae. Special sulfur bacteria, however, convert sulfur i ...
IB-Respiration-Notepacket
... 3. Starting with one glucose from the beginning of glycolysis, how many “spins” of the cycle would occur? 4. As a result of these spins, how many of the following molecules are produced per glucose a. Carbon dioxide = (How many total does that bring us to?_________) b. ATP= (How many total does that ...
... 3. Starting with one glucose from the beginning of glycolysis, how many “spins” of the cycle would occur? 4. As a result of these spins, how many of the following molecules are produced per glucose a. Carbon dioxide = (How many total does that bring us to?_________) b. ATP= (How many total does that ...
Flux Balance Analysis of Photoautotrophic
... nutrient and light uptake rates. The maximum growth rate of photoautotrophically cultivated Synechocystis was measured to be 0.085 ( 0.015 h-l from four separate experiments. This value is consistent with other reported values (22). The carbon balance (in the absence of overflow products) and the gr ...
... nutrient and light uptake rates. The maximum growth rate of photoautotrophically cultivated Synechocystis was measured to be 0.085 ( 0.015 h-l from four separate experiments. This value is consistent with other reported values (22). The carbon balance (in the absence of overflow products) and the gr ...
Systematics - Elsevier Store
... like bacteria today, (a) have their own single-stranded, circular DNA; (b) have a smaller sized, 70S ribosome; and (c) replicate by fission. These engulfed photosynthetic bacteria provided high-energy products to the eukaryotic cell; the “host” eukaryotic cell provided a beneficial environment for t ...
... like bacteria today, (a) have their own single-stranded, circular DNA; (b) have a smaller sized, 70S ribosome; and (c) replicate by fission. These engulfed photosynthetic bacteria provided high-energy products to the eukaryotic cell; the “host” eukaryotic cell provided a beneficial environment for t ...
Themes of Life
... a. ability to store hereditary information b. use of organelles to control cell processes c. use of cellular respiration for energy release d. ability to move in response to environmental stimuli 2. Living organisms can be classified as prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Which two structures are common to b ...
... a. ability to store hereditary information b. use of organelles to control cell processes c. use of cellular respiration for energy release d. ability to move in response to environmental stimuli 2. Living organisms can be classified as prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Which two structures are common to b ...
BCHM 463 Supplemental Problems for Friday, April 9, 2004 1. a
... of 3 enzymes. a) Name these enzymes and give all species that inhibit (negatively modulate) the enzymes’ activities. Citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and ∝-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase are the control points for the citric acid cycle. See figure 16-14 for the intermediates and products whi ...
... of 3 enzymes. a) Name these enzymes and give all species that inhibit (negatively modulate) the enzymes’ activities. Citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and ∝-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase are the control points for the citric acid cycle. See figure 16-14 for the intermediates and products whi ...
Chapter 21
... In the next cycle, the fragment is transferred to synthase and another malony-ACP (C3 fragment) ◦ CO2 is released and a C6 fragment is obtained The merry-go-round continues to turn and long chain fatty acid can be obtained from this process ...
... In the next cycle, the fragment is transferred to synthase and another malony-ACP (C3 fragment) ◦ CO2 is released and a C6 fragment is obtained The merry-go-round continues to turn and long chain fatty acid can be obtained from this process ...
CELL METABOLISM
... 4. Oxygen, which has gained electrons, combines with H+ (lost electrons) to form H2O. 5. Energy released by electrons is captured by ATP synthase. 6. ATP synthase converts ADP & Phosphate into ATP. By going through a series of electron transport rxs at least 32 ATP molecules are obtained for each gl ...
... 4. Oxygen, which has gained electrons, combines with H+ (lost electrons) to form H2O. 5. Energy released by electrons is captured by ATP synthase. 6. ATP synthase converts ADP & Phosphate into ATP. By going through a series of electron transport rxs at least 32 ATP molecules are obtained for each gl ...
Bio Day 3 - Edublogs
... Exit Slip Imagine you are looking at a sample of human body tissue through a high-powered scanning electron microscope. This microscope enables you to see objects as small as atoms and molecules. Describe what you would observe as you examine the body tissue, and explain the purpose of the ...
... Exit Slip Imagine you are looking at a sample of human body tissue through a high-powered scanning electron microscope. This microscope enables you to see objects as small as atoms and molecules. Describe what you would observe as you examine the body tissue, and explain the purpose of the ...
Grades 6-8 Student Book Chapter Eight
... night the plants stop photosynthesizing, but the pond’s animals continue using oxygen. In this cycle the oxygen made each day is used at night. (FIG. 8.2) Not all of the oxygen in a pond is made by the plants you can see. Some is made by plant-like plankton. These are tiny, free-floating plants. M ...
... night the plants stop photosynthesizing, but the pond’s animals continue using oxygen. In this cycle the oxygen made each day is used at night. (FIG. 8.2) Not all of the oxygen in a pond is made by the plants you can see. Some is made by plant-like plankton. These are tiny, free-floating plants. M ...
Kingdom Protista
... #13. Phaeophyta (brown algae) • Multi-cellular, marine organisms • body differentiated into 3 tissues – holdfast, stipe, blade – analogous (but not homologous) to plant roots, stems, and leaves ...
... #13. Phaeophyta (brown algae) • Multi-cellular, marine organisms • body differentiated into 3 tissues – holdfast, stipe, blade – analogous (but not homologous) to plant roots, stems, and leaves ...
Chemistry 11 Exam 1 Spring 2006 When answering questions be
... General Chemistry 1 Exam 2 Spring 2006 May 11, 2006 Section D01B There are 20 questions in this exam. Answer all 20, showing your reasoning where possible. Each question is valued at 5 points. Be sure to include units when reporting numerical answers. Pay attention to significant figures as well. T ...
... General Chemistry 1 Exam 2 Spring 2006 May 11, 2006 Section D01B There are 20 questions in this exam. Answer all 20, showing your reasoning where possible. Each question is valued at 5 points. Be sure to include units when reporting numerical answers. Pay attention to significant figures as well. T ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, ""light"", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. Furthermore, two further compounds are generated: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle, but some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents, such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, as sources of electrons, rather than water. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed to the oxygen catastrophe, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization.Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year.