LIPIDS
... • In adipocytes, glycerol 3-phosphate can be formed by the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate catalyzed by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase • In liver, glycerol kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glycerol to form glycerol 3-phosphate. ...
... • In adipocytes, glycerol 3-phosphate can be formed by the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate catalyzed by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase • In liver, glycerol kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glycerol to form glycerol 3-phosphate. ...
Handout: Fatty Acid Synthesis
... • FA are synthesized by the repetitive condensation of two-carbon units derived from malonyl CoA ...
... • FA are synthesized by the repetitive condensation of two-carbon units derived from malonyl CoA ...
Nucleotides
... • Linked by a 3′ → 5′ phosphodiester bond to form the “backbone” of RNA and DNA • RNAs are far less stable than DNA • Polynucleotides Are Directional Macromolecule – “5′- end” or the “3′- end” – the 5′- end is at the left ...
... • Linked by a 3′ → 5′ phosphodiester bond to form the “backbone” of RNA and DNA • RNAs are far less stable than DNA • Polynucleotides Are Directional Macromolecule – “5′- end” or the “3′- end” – the 5′- end is at the left ...
Drug discovery
... Explain the methods for synthesizing peptides and oligonucleotides and discuss the uses of each Detail the multiple uses of antibodies in medical biotechnology and discuss the immune response that results from vaccinations ...
... Explain the methods for synthesizing peptides and oligonucleotides and discuss the uses of each Detail the multiple uses of antibodies in medical biotechnology and discuss the immune response that results from vaccinations ...
Questions
... glucans & chitin present in plasma membrane b. Chitin synthase in Zygomycota has been demonstrated to be localized in hyphal tips c. Zoospores prior to encystment have no demonstrable preformed micro-fibrils in their cytoplasm d. EM tends to demonstrate that wall microfibrils are not carried to wall ...
... glucans & chitin present in plasma membrane b. Chitin synthase in Zygomycota has been demonstrated to be localized in hyphal tips c. Zoospores prior to encystment have no demonstrable preformed micro-fibrils in their cytoplasm d. EM tends to demonstrate that wall microfibrils are not carried to wall ...
Principles of Life
... between DNA and protein was RNA and genetic evidence pointed to triplets of nucleotides on RNA specifying each amino acid. The race was on to identify which triplet coded for which amino acid. Cellfree systems had been developed, first using rat liver and then using E. coli, in which cell extracts w ...
... between DNA and protein was RNA and genetic evidence pointed to triplets of nucleotides on RNA specifying each amino acid. The race was on to identify which triplet coded for which amino acid. Cellfree systems had been developed, first using rat liver and then using E. coli, in which cell extracts w ...
An Efficient Synthetic Route to Glycoamino Acid Building Blocks for
... the carbohydrate as part of a glycoamino acid building block during solid-phase synthesis of the polypeptide chain.5 Alternatively, the carbohydrate can be attached to a selectively deprotected aspartic acid residue once the polypeptide has been formed using the method developed by Lansbury.6 By a s ...
... the carbohydrate as part of a glycoamino acid building block during solid-phase synthesis of the polypeptide chain.5 Alternatively, the carbohydrate can be attached to a selectively deprotected aspartic acid residue once the polypeptide has been formed using the method developed by Lansbury.6 By a s ...
BB350 Lecture 36 Highlights
... 12. ATCase is the primary regulatory enzyme of pyrimidine biosynthesis. It provides balance between purines and pyrimidines, since it is activated by a purine (ATP) and inactivated by a pyrimidine (CTP). 13. Pyrimidine synthesis also includes very simple precursors, such as amino acids. The first py ...
... 12. ATCase is the primary regulatory enzyme of pyrimidine biosynthesis. It provides balance between purines and pyrimidines, since it is activated by a purine (ATP) and inactivated by a pyrimidine (CTP). 13. Pyrimidine synthesis also includes very simple precursors, such as amino acids. The first py ...
Synthesis of Phosphopeptides Containing O
... catalyze the transfer of phosphate from high-energy nucleoside triphosphate. Major proteins in bones, teeth, eggs, and milk are highly phosphorylated. Preparation of phosphopeptides related to sequences of phosphoproteins is important for the study of their properties. Enzymatic methods for the synt ...
... catalyze the transfer of phosphate from high-energy nucleoside triphosphate. Major proteins in bones, teeth, eggs, and milk are highly phosphorylated. Preparation of phosphopeptides related to sequences of phosphoproteins is important for the study of their properties. Enzymatic methods for the synt ...
THE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS ESSAY MUST: be in the FHS Essay
... CM - Commentary (Opinion or your experience) example - It was interesting to use "toys" to demonstrate how protein synthesis occurs to Ms. Antoine. ...
... CM - Commentary (Opinion or your experience) example - It was interesting to use "toys" to demonstrate how protein synthesis occurs to Ms. Antoine. ...
TOPIC B1: CELL LEVEL SYSTEMS B1.3 RESPIRATION
... By the end of this unit you should be able to: ...
... By the end of this unit you should be able to: ...
Scale - Netherlands Cancer Institute
... By submitting you declare that you have permission from your group leader to order this peptide. Sequence: Please use “one letter code” in CAPITALS for the amino acids. If you want to order more then one peptides with the same options, scale and C-terminus, you can fill in one form. ...
... By submitting you declare that you have permission from your group leader to order this peptide. Sequence: Please use “one letter code” in CAPITALS for the amino acids. If you want to order more then one peptides with the same options, scale and C-terminus, you can fill in one form. ...
Practical, Asymmetric Redox-Neutral Chemical Synthesis via Borrowing Hydrogen
... with amine to imine followed by reduction. As both the oxidation and reduction steps in this process utilize stoichiometric reagents, much waste is generated. The concept of “borrowing hydrogen” has thus proven to be much more efficient: the alcohol starting material can be directly converted to the ...
... with amine to imine followed by reduction. As both the oxidation and reduction steps in this process utilize stoichiometric reagents, much waste is generated. The concept of “borrowing hydrogen” has thus proven to be much more efficient: the alcohol starting material can be directly converted to the ...
Immunosuppressive drugs: the first 50 years and a glance forward
... immune responses mediated by B-lymphocytes. Methotrexate and its polyglutamate derivatives suppress inflammatory responses through release of adenosine; they suppress immune responses by inducing the apoptosis of activated T-lymphocytes and inhibiting the synthesis of both purines and pyrimidines. A ...
... immune responses mediated by B-lymphocytes. Methotrexate and its polyglutamate derivatives suppress inflammatory responses through release of adenosine; they suppress immune responses by inducing the apoptosis of activated T-lymphocytes and inhibiting the synthesis of both purines and pyrimidines. A ...
DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis Webquest
... Step 3: What molecules are involved in protein synthesis? Use an internet search engine to help you answer these: 1. What are the monomers (subunits or building blocks) of DNA and RNA? 2. What are the monomers (subunits or building blocks) of proteins? 3. What are genes made of? 4. What are the poly ...
... Step 3: What molecules are involved in protein synthesis? Use an internet search engine to help you answer these: 1. What are the monomers (subunits or building blocks) of DNA and RNA? 2. What are the monomers (subunits or building blocks) of proteins? 3. What are genes made of? 4. What are the poly ...
Lecture 8 LC710- 1st + 2nd hr
... phosphite triester li nkage. This reaction is very rapid and requires, on small scale, about 20 s for its completion. The phosphorami dite coupli ng is also highly sensitive to the presence of water and is commonly carried out in anhydrous acetonitril e. Unbound reagents and by-products are removed ...
... phosphite triester li nkage. This reaction is very rapid and requires, on small scale, about 20 s for its completion. The phosphorami dite coupli ng is also highly sensitive to the presence of water and is commonly carried out in anhydrous acetonitril e. Unbound reagents and by-products are removed ...
Microsoft Word
... (GFAT) Targeted Inhibitors which has been divided into five sections. Section A provides a brief introduction about Glutamine-Fructose 6-Phosphate Amidotransferse (GFAT) enzyme. Section B deals with asymmetric synthesis of non-proteinogenic amino acids with enzyme L-Amino Acid Transaminase. ...
... (GFAT) Targeted Inhibitors which has been divided into five sections. Section A provides a brief introduction about Glutamine-Fructose 6-Phosphate Amidotransferse (GFAT) enzyme. Section B deals with asymmetric synthesis of non-proteinogenic amino acids with enzyme L-Amino Acid Transaminase. ...
Chapter 21 Antimicrobial Medications
... Block binding sites for tRNA/rRNA Inhibit peptide bond formation Prevent shift of reading frame ...
... Block binding sites for tRNA/rRNA Inhibit peptide bond formation Prevent shift of reading frame ...
Exam 3
... 10. The splitting of glucose commonly occurs by many organisms using the Embden-Myerhof pathway of glycolysis; however, it is not the only way. Bacteria such as Pseudomonas, Azotobacter and Rhizobium use another glycolytic pathway called ________ to yield 2 pyruvates, 1NADH, 1NADPH, and a net 1 ATP. ...
... 10. The splitting of glucose commonly occurs by many organisms using the Embden-Myerhof pathway of glycolysis; however, it is not the only way. Bacteria such as Pseudomonas, Azotobacter and Rhizobium use another glycolytic pathway called ________ to yield 2 pyruvates, 1NADH, 1NADPH, and a net 1 ATP. ...
Nucleic acid chemistry - Beilstein
... discovered that DNA building blocks based on phosphorous(III) were significantly more reactive than phosphordiesters or -triesters. Finally, this approach using phosphoramidites as nucleoside building blocks was significantly further developed in 1981 by Beaucage and Caruthers [4]. Since then, oligo ...
... discovered that DNA building blocks based on phosphorous(III) were significantly more reactive than phosphordiesters or -triesters. Finally, this approach using phosphoramidites as nucleoside building blocks was significantly further developed in 1981 by Beaucage and Caruthers [4]. Since then, oligo ...
Say It With DNA - District 196 e
... sequence of amino acids on the protein synthesis chart. ! Step 5:! Using the Dictionary of Amino Acids: Abbreviations and Symbols, place the ...
... sequence of amino acids on the protein synthesis chart. ! Step 5:! Using the Dictionary of Amino Acids: Abbreviations and Symbols, place the ...
Artificial Small-Molecule Peptide Synthesizer
... -12h per amide bond, 30% yield (53%yield in subsequent work) -Ribosome:15 to 20 amide bonds per second -Conventional solid-phase peptide synthesis: 2 to 4 hours per bond ...
... -12h per amide bond, 30% yield (53%yield in subsequent work) -Ribosome:15 to 20 amide bonds per second -Conventional solid-phase peptide synthesis: 2 to 4 hours per bond ...
Synthesis of Oligonucleotides
... Nucleic acids are sensitive to a wide range of chemical reactions (see Chapter 8), and relatively mild reaction conditions are required for their chemical synthesis. The heterocyclic bases are prone to alkylation, oxidation and phosphorylation and the phosphodiester backbone is susceptible to hydrol ...
... Nucleic acids are sensitive to a wide range of chemical reactions (see Chapter 8), and relatively mild reaction conditions are required for their chemical synthesis. The heterocyclic bases are prone to alkylation, oxidation and phosphorylation and the phosphodiester backbone is susceptible to hydrol ...
Oligonucleotide synthesis
Oligonucleotide synthesis is the chemical synthesis of relatively short fragments of nucleic acids with defined chemical structure (sequence). The technique is extremely useful in current laboratory practice because it provides a rapid and inexpensive access to custom-made oligonucleotides of the desired sequence. Whereas enzymes synthesize DNA and RNA only in a 5' to 3' direction, chemical oligonucleotide synthesis does not suffer from this limitation, although it is, most often, carried out in the opposite, 3' to 5' direction. Currently, the process is implemented as solid-phase synthesis using phosphoramidite method and phosphoramidite building blocks derived from protected 2'-deoxynucleosides (dA, dC, dG, and T), ribonucleosides (A, C, G, and U), or chemically modified nucleosides, e.g. LNA, BNA.To obtain the desired oligonucleotide, the building blocks are sequentially coupled to the growing oligonucleotide chain in the order required by the sequence of the product (see Synthetic cycle below). The process has been fully automated since the late 1970s. Upon the completion of the chain assembly, the product is released from the solid phase to solution, deprotected, and collected. The occurrence of side reactions sets practical limits for the length of synthetic oligonucleotides (up to about 200 nucleotide residues) because the number of errors accumulates with the length of the oligonucleotide being synthesized. Products are often isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to obtain the desired oligonucleotides in high purity. Typically, synthetic oligonucleotides are single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules around 15–25 bases in length.Oligonucleotides find a variety of applications in molecular biology and medicine. They are most commonly used as antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNA, primers for DNA sequencing and amplification, probes for detecting complementary DNA or RNA via molecular hybridization, tools for the targeted introduction of mutations and restriction sites, and for the synthesis of artificial genes.