Flux, Intensity, Brilliance and all those extremely
... It is immediately realized that small emittance is desirable for a radiation source. As intensity is inversely proportional to the cross section area, a small spatial extension implies large intensity. Also one can realize that the source quality is higher if all the photons go in the same direction ...
... It is immediately realized that small emittance is desirable for a radiation source. As intensity is inversely proportional to the cross section area, a small spatial extension implies large intensity. Also one can realize that the source quality is higher if all the photons go in the same direction ...
General Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation
... or emission involves transitions between discrete states with no other possibilities. Such transitions will only result in line spectra. However, since molecular species contain vibrational and rotational energy levels associated with electronic levels, transitions can occur from and to any of these ...
... or emission involves transitions between discrete states with no other possibilities. Such transitions will only result in line spectra. However, since molecular species contain vibrational and rotational energy levels associated with electronic levels, transitions can occur from and to any of these ...
Maxwell*s Equation*s in integral form
... electrodes separated by a narrow gap The discharge between the electrodes exhibits an oscillatory behavior at a very high frequency Sparks were induced across the gap of the receiving electrodes when the frequency of the receiver was adjusted to match that of the transmitter In a series of other exp ...
... electrodes separated by a narrow gap The discharge between the electrodes exhibits an oscillatory behavior at a very high frequency Sparks were induced across the gap of the receiving electrodes when the frequency of the receiver was adjusted to match that of the transmitter In a series of other exp ...
Notes
... c in terms of the net radiated power P0. • Now consider the absorption due to tissue volume conduction as studied in the previous problem. An unsuspecting user starts a call, holding the cell phone flat on the ear and exposing the head to a dose of RF EM radiation. Modeling the head as a sphere with ...
... c in terms of the net radiated power P0. • Now consider the absorption due to tissue volume conduction as studied in the previous problem. An unsuspecting user starts a call, holding the cell phone flat on the ear and exposing the head to a dose of RF EM radiation. Modeling the head as a sphere with ...
Radiation protection
Radiation protection, sometimes known as radiological protection, is the science and practice of protecting people and the environment from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation.Ionizing radiation is widely used in industry and medicine, and can present a significant health hazard. It causes microscopic damage to living tissue, which can result in skin burns and radiation sickness at high exposures (known as ""tissue effects""), and statistically elevated risks of cancer at low exposures (""stochastic effects"").Fundamental to radiation protection is the reduction of expected dose and the measurement of human dose uptake. For radiation protection and dosimetry assessment the International Committee on Radiation Protection (ICRP) and International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) have published recommendations and data which is used to calculate the biological effects on the human body, and set regulatory and guidance limits.