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Poynting Paradox
Poynting Paradox

... is discontinuous across the resistor boundary. I believe this answer is wrong for the following reasons. 1. The pressure in this wrong treatment is evidently due to the electrical field because it is obtained from the electrical stress tensor and involves σ which only affects the electric field. The ...
Weak-Field General Relativity Compared with
Weak-Field General Relativity Compared with

... ds2 = ηµν dxµ dxν = ηµ0 ν 0 dxµ dxν = ηµ0 ν 0 Λµ µ dxµ Λν ν dxν ...
Lecture
Lecture

... surface normal vector, and each face can be subject to a force. A force is a vector quantity, so it has three components. We choose one component along the surface normal and define it as positive for tension and negative for compression. The other two directions are tangential to the face and perpe ...
Modification of Coulomb`s law in closed spaces
Modification of Coulomb`s law in closed spaces

... In particular, Euclidean space corresponds to g11 = g22 = g33 = g44 = 1, and Lorentzian space corresponds to g11 = g22 = g33 = 1, g44 = −1. A well-known example is the three-dimensional spherical coordinate system specified by r, %, &, and the line ...
On the Essence of Electric Charge
On the Essence of Electric Charge

... Our definition of electric charge density alone yields electrostatics, without any phenomenology, and together with the Lorentz Transformation - the entire Maxwell theory. This result encourages us to further pursue our idea of the essence of electric charge and, as Part 2 shows, it yields the impor ...
General Relativity for Pedestrians-
General Relativity for Pedestrians-

... therefore, become indispensable in relativistic gravitational physics. In STR, square of the proper (i.e. Lorentz invariant) distance between any two infinitesimally events is given by eq.(2) when Minkowskian coordinates are chosen. Preceding arguments make it clear that when gravitation is included ...
An Introduction to Crystal Physics
An Introduction to Crystal Physics

... with a tensor which establishes the relation existing between measurable physical tensor quantities. Every scalar is a zero-rank, and every vector a first-rank tensor. Generally in crystal physics a set of 3 r quantities with r indices transforming under transition from the old coordinates to the ne ...
Supplemental Lecture II: Special Relativity in Tensor Notation
Supplemental Lecture II: Special Relativity in Tensor Notation

... it, an object with no indices is just a scalar, a quantity that does not transform at all under a rotation or any other vector transformation. In this context all of these objects, and also those with more than two indices, are given a new name: they are called tensors. Tensors are distinguished by ...
Introduction Last year we studied the electric and the magnetic field
Introduction Last year we studied the electric and the magnetic field

... “one”, so you can say “per litre” but not “per two litres”. Also, “a” sometimes means “divided by”, as in “When I tanked up, I paid € 10 for seven litres, so the fuel was € 1.43 a litre” The vector product and the scalar product are the two ways of multiplying vectors which see the most application ...
Tensors - University of Miami Physics Department
Tensors - University of Miami Physics Department

... of a real variable. In common language, you would look at the equation y = f (x) and say that f (x) is a function, but it’s better to say that f is a function, and that f (x) is the single number obtained by feeding the number x to f in order to obtain the number f (x). In this language, f is regard ...
A GENERALLY COVARIANT FIELD EQUATION FOR GRAVITATION
A GENERALLY COVARIANT FIELD EQUATION FOR GRAVITATION

... It is likely therefore that Eq. (16) is a generally covariant field equation of classical grand unified field theory. This result is required by the Principle of General Relativity. In the special case where the covariant derivatives of the Yang Mills field theory have O(3) internal symmetry, with i ...
20 Congrès Français de Mécanique       ...
20 Congrès Français de Mécanique ...

... On the other hand, numerous efforts are made in order to develop the next generation of random access memories, possibly non volatile, having low power consumption and high integration density. Recently, the different existing approaches and technologies have been compared and discussed [2]. One pro ...
The effective mass tensor in the General Relativity
The effective mass tensor in the General Relativity

... The concept of effective mass is a very attractive because effective mass in the equations of the motion includes full information about all fields (gravitational, electromagnetic etc.) surrounding the body without their exact analysis (9). Effective mass can be isotropic or anisotropic, positive or ...
Supplementary Information Determination of ferroelectric
Supplementary Information Determination of ferroelectric

... and zero outside and the Debye screening length is hd . Note that the expression (A.3) contains a continuous transition to the dielectric limitation, Eac  Vac h , at hd   w hich occurs at   1  M . A small hd , i.e. hd  h , corresponds to the electronic inst ant response to the ac field. Now ...
Earlier examination problems
Earlier examination problems

... 15. Two identical atoms are at rest at radii R1 and R2 in a gravitational field with Schwarzschild metric. When observed locally, these atoms emit radiation at frequency ν. An observer at a very large distance (r → ∞) measures frequencies ν1 and ν2 , respectively. Find the ratio ν1 /ν2 . 16. An astr ...
Document
Document

... •The coordinate transformation between two IRFs (for a change between two systems with the same direction of axes but relative uniform motion) is the Lorentz transformation LT. We shall use the representation of 4-vectors, 4-tensors etc. based on the use of contravariant and covariant vectors. The c ...
Index notation
Index notation

... Vector notation like E or E clumsy and limiting. Some relations are difficult to see, prove, or even to write. On the other hand, writing out the three components of a vector is even clumsier. A good compromise is to indicate the components by an index that runs from 1 to 3, denoting the different c ...
General Relativity: An Informal Primer 1 Introduction
General Relativity: An Informal Primer 1 Introduction

... of 3-vectors. Rather than write compact terms such as E or B for the electric and magnetic fields, one would always have to work in terms of the fields’ components within a given coordinate system, such as Ex or Bz . In fact, this is precisely how Maxwell himself manipulated his own equations in the ...
Ch 6
Ch 6

... (d) For every element A of the group, there exists an element A-1, the inverse of A, such that AA1  I . (e) Multiplication satisfies A  BC    AB  C . These properties are easy to prove and are left to the exercises. D. Tensors What are tensors? Tensors look like matrices; but only certain typ ...
Exam
Exam

... Please show all work to receive full credit. Notes and calculators are not allowed. 1. Consider a scalar field f(x, y) = ln  y x 2  (a) (6) Sketch the isocurves of this field. Indicate the direction of the gradient (b) (7) Use linear approximation around point (1, 1) to estimate f(1.1, 1.05). 2. ( ...
Lecture 2
Lecture 2

... This is obviously the case in particular for isotropic media, such as liquids, gases or glasses, as they are inversion symmetric. Isotropic media in addition possess other symmetry properties, e.g., invariance under mirror imaging on a plane. This symmetry requires that each index must occur twice, ...
1 8. CONSERVATION LAWS The general form of a conservation law
1 8. CONSERVATION LAWS The general form of a conservation law

... stress tensor. Note that the magnetic field transports (or carries) momentum. The quantity p + B 2 / 2 µ0 is the total pressure. The second contribution is called the magnetic pressure; the magnetic field resists compression, just like the fluid pressure. The tensor BB / µ0 is called the hoop stres ...
Section_08_Conservat..
Section_08_Conservat..

... stress tensor. Note that the magnetic field transports (or carries) momentum. The quantity p  B2 / 2 0 is the total pressure. The second contribution is called the magnetic pressure; the magnetic field resists compression, just like the fluid pressure. The tensor BB /  0 is called the hoop stres ...
4.3.2 The multipole expansion
4.3.2 The multipole expansion

... ~ is the magnetic polarmagnetic field, called ‘magnetic induction field’ and M ~ ×M ...
Differential geometry of surfaces in Euclidean space
Differential geometry of surfaces in Euclidean space

... Consequently, the associated Christoffel symbol is symmetric under the exchange of its lower indices. This encodes the intuitively clear fact that if we shift two coordinates, y µ and y ν , by unity, the result does not depend on the order of these two operations. Using this symmetry and the definit ...
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