BIOLOGY (Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology
... and professional issues, emerging technologies, and evolving biomedical, sociobehavioral, and clinical sciences that may impact therapeutic outcomes. 1. Describe the structure, function and metabolic pathways for carbohydrates, amino acids and lipids. a. Identify the biochemical class (lipid, carboh ...
... and professional issues, emerging technologies, and evolving biomedical, sociobehavioral, and clinical sciences that may impact therapeutic outcomes. 1. Describe the structure, function and metabolic pathways for carbohydrates, amino acids and lipids. a. Identify the biochemical class (lipid, carboh ...
BIOL 101 Cellular Respiration I. Organic Molecules A. Energy input
... B. Energy retrieval 1. strip away electrons from chemical bonds 2. oxidation of food molecules - cellular respiration - 2 step process (remove e- then use) II. Glycolysis (first step) - in cytoplasm A. Splitting of glucose 1. 9 enzyme-catalyzed reactions 2. glucose → two 3-C molecules 3. pyruvate B. ...
... B. Energy retrieval 1. strip away electrons from chemical bonds 2. oxidation of food molecules - cellular respiration - 2 step process (remove e- then use) II. Glycolysis (first step) - in cytoplasm A. Splitting of glucose 1. 9 enzyme-catalyzed reactions 2. glucose → two 3-C molecules 3. pyruvate B. ...
Sample Preparation Methods for MS Based Proteomics
... •Proteins and Peptides in mass spectrometry are typically analyzed in a protonated state; i.e. [M+H]+ •If metal salts are present, then metal adducts can be formed; e.g. [M+Na]+or [M+K]+. •Having protonated and metal adducts makes the spectrum more complicated to interpret. •Metal adducted peptides ...
... •Proteins and Peptides in mass spectrometry are typically analyzed in a protonated state; i.e. [M+H]+ •If metal salts are present, then metal adducts can be formed; e.g. [M+Na]+or [M+K]+. •Having protonated and metal adducts makes the spectrum more complicated to interpret. •Metal adducted peptides ...
Examination I PHRM 836 – Biochemistry for Pharmaceutical
... Zn-finger basic leucine zipper helix-loop-helix beta-alpha-beta TATA binding protein The drawing shows two helix-turn-helix motifs in close contact with the major groove, not the other motifs for the other choices. 19. In eukaryotic RNA polymerase II, there are over 3,000 amino aci ...
... Zn-finger basic leucine zipper helix-loop-helix beta-alpha-beta TATA binding protein The drawing shows two helix-turn-helix motifs in close contact with the major groove, not the other motifs for the other choices. 19. In eukaryotic RNA polymerase II, there are over 3,000 amino aci ...
Problem Set 1 - Berkeley MCB
... In humans, gluconeogenesis (A) can result in the conversion of protein into blood glucose. (B) helps to reduce blood glucose after a carbohydrate-rich meal. (C) is activated by the hormone insulin (D) is essential in the conversion of fatty acids to glucose. (E) requires the enzyme hexokinase. ...
... In humans, gluconeogenesis (A) can result in the conversion of protein into blood glucose. (B) helps to reduce blood glucose after a carbohydrate-rich meal. (C) is activated by the hormone insulin (D) is essential in the conversion of fatty acids to glucose. (E) requires the enzyme hexokinase. ...
Chapter x – title of chapter
... book calls them modulators. A good example is ATP—ATP is the end point of a lot of pathways (glycolysis, TCA cycle) and as such, when it is abundant, that is a good sign that we have enough ATP/energy. Once the concentration of ATP reaches a certain level, it begins to bind some of the key enzymes i ...
... book calls them modulators. A good example is ATP—ATP is the end point of a lot of pathways (glycolysis, TCA cycle) and as such, when it is abundant, that is a good sign that we have enough ATP/energy. Once the concentration of ATP reaches a certain level, it begins to bind some of the key enzymes i ...
The Cell: A Microcosm of Life Multiple
... Mitochondria is the organelle in virtually all cells that is responsible for the major portion of energy (ATP) production, utilizing metabolic processes including the TCA cycle, β-oxidation, parts of gluconeogenesis, and the electron transport chain. Transcription is the nuclear process of copying o ...
... Mitochondria is the organelle in virtually all cells that is responsible for the major portion of energy (ATP) production, utilizing metabolic processes including the TCA cycle, β-oxidation, parts of gluconeogenesis, and the electron transport chain. Transcription is the nuclear process of copying o ...
2) Where
... • “Burning calories” refers to the process of using biomolecules to make ATP in cellular respiraDon • Metabolic rate is the rate at which your body turns food molecules into usable energy (ATP) • Me ...
... • “Burning calories” refers to the process of using biomolecules to make ATP in cellular respiraDon • Metabolic rate is the rate at which your body turns food molecules into usable energy (ATP) • Me ...
PowerPoint Learning Quest
... A perfect example of a lipid coming in contact with water is an unshaken bottle of Italian salad dressing. (Note:Where the oil and water come into contact with one another is the hydrophilic end of the lipid molecule.) The oil in the salad dressing, a type of a lipid, separates from the vinegar, w ...
... A perfect example of a lipid coming in contact with water is an unshaken bottle of Italian salad dressing. (Note:Where the oil and water come into contact with one another is the hydrophilic end of the lipid molecule.) The oil in the salad dressing, a type of a lipid, separates from the vinegar, w ...
7. Metabolism
... Breaking Down Nutrients for Energy • The breakdown of glucose to energy starts with glucose going to pyruvate. (Glycolysis) • Pyruvate may be converted to lactic acid anaerobically (without oxygen) and acetyl CoA aerobically (with oxygen). • Eventually, all energy-yielding nutrients enter the TCA c ...
... Breaking Down Nutrients for Energy • The breakdown of glucose to energy starts with glucose going to pyruvate. (Glycolysis) • Pyruvate may be converted to lactic acid anaerobically (without oxygen) and acetyl CoA aerobically (with oxygen). • Eventually, all energy-yielding nutrients enter the TCA c ...
PHM 281N Pharmaceutical Biochemistry II
... If there is a disagreement over the answer to a specific question, the student should present his/her exam plus a written explanation (with appropriate documentation) to the instructor within 72 hours of the listserv announcement of the posting of exam results & key as described above. Documentation ...
... If there is a disagreement over the answer to a specific question, the student should present his/her exam plus a written explanation (with appropriate documentation) to the instructor within 72 hours of the listserv announcement of the posting of exam results & key as described above. Documentation ...
ENZYMES
... – The active site in many enzymes is not exactly the same shape as the substrate, but moulds itself around the substrate as the enzyme substrate complex is formed. – Only when the substrate binds to the enzyme is the active site, the correct shape to catalyze the reaction. As the products of the rea ...
... – The active site in many enzymes is not exactly the same shape as the substrate, but moulds itself around the substrate as the enzyme substrate complex is formed. – Only when the substrate binds to the enzyme is the active site, the correct shape to catalyze the reaction. As the products of the rea ...
Chapter 5 Bacterial Metabolism
... • The electrons from the first cytochrome are transported to another cytochrome and then to the next down the chain • This is why the process is referred to as the electron transport chain because it helps transfer electrons down a chain of cytochromes to be finally transferred to an oxygen molecule ...
... • The electrons from the first cytochrome are transported to another cytochrome and then to the next down the chain • This is why the process is referred to as the electron transport chain because it helps transfer electrons down a chain of cytochromes to be finally transferred to an oxygen molecule ...
Document
... Stability of tRNA The stability of tRNA can be both measured spectroscopicly like DNA but can also be calculated Calculated free energy is obtained by factoring in the strength of noncovalent interactions in a folded and unfolded tRNA and is expressed as the free energy of complex formation, ∆Gf (N ...
... Stability of tRNA The stability of tRNA can be both measured spectroscopicly like DNA but can also be calculated Calculated free energy is obtained by factoring in the strength of noncovalent interactions in a folded and unfolded tRNA and is expressed as the free energy of complex formation, ∆Gf (N ...
Directed enzyme evolution: climbing fitness peaks one amino acid
... Alternate selectivities were accessible from these intermediate enzymes with as little as a single amino acid change. Although amino acid residues that alter substrate selectivity or specificity are often located in the active site/ substrate binding pocket, it is also often observed that mutations ...
... Alternate selectivities were accessible from these intermediate enzymes with as little as a single amino acid change. Although amino acid residues that alter substrate selectivity or specificity are often located in the active site/ substrate binding pocket, it is also often observed that mutations ...
Transcription
... The process of copying DNA to RNA by an enzyme called RNA polymerase (RNAP) The transfer of genetic information from DNA into RNA ...
... The process of copying DNA to RNA by an enzyme called RNA polymerase (RNAP) The transfer of genetic information from DNA into RNA ...
Exercise 6 - Google Groups
... concentration. → The rate of reaction catalyzed by an enzyme increases linearly with the substrate concentration up to a point, but it soon reaches the maximum value called Vmax beyond which there is no further increase in reaction rate; this is called substrate saturation. This is so because all of ...
... concentration. → The rate of reaction catalyzed by an enzyme increases linearly with the substrate concentration up to a point, but it soon reaches the maximum value called Vmax beyond which there is no further increase in reaction rate; this is called substrate saturation. This is so because all of ...
Enzymes - كنانة أونلاين
... 2,500 residues in the animal fatty acid synthase. The activities of enzymes are determined by their three-dimensional structure Most enzymes are much larger than the substrates they act on, and only a small portion of the enzyme (around 3–4 amino acids) is directly involved in catalysis. ...
... 2,500 residues in the animal fatty acid synthase. The activities of enzymes are determined by their three-dimensional structure Most enzymes are much larger than the substrates they act on, and only a small portion of the enzyme (around 3–4 amino acids) is directly involved in catalysis. ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.