A first attempt to elucidate the amino acid sequence of some lichen
... Lichens are symbiotic associations between a fungus and a cyanobacterium (cyano-lichens) or a green alga (chlorolichens), joined to form a new biological entity different from its individual components. Recognition mechanisms used by lichens are based on the production and secretion of fungal lectin ...
... Lichens are symbiotic associations between a fungus and a cyanobacterium (cyano-lichens) or a green alga (chlorolichens), joined to form a new biological entity different from its individual components. Recognition mechanisms used by lichens are based on the production and secretion of fungal lectin ...
Untitled
... The course offered to 2nd year medical students in clinical biochemistry consists of scheduled lectures, tutorials and practicals which ensure smooth flow of the scientific material, in a controlled manner, through several pathways to achieve our objectives. There is some suggestion for optimal util ...
... The course offered to 2nd year medical students in clinical biochemistry consists of scheduled lectures, tutorials and practicals which ensure smooth flow of the scientific material, in a controlled manner, through several pathways to achieve our objectives. There is some suggestion for optimal util ...
VITAMINS
... • Action of calcitriol on the intestine: calcitriol increases the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate. • Action of calcitriol on the bone: • Calcitriol stimulates the calcium uptake for deposition as calcium phosphate. Calcitriol is essential for bone formation. • Action of calcitriol o ...
... • Action of calcitriol on the intestine: calcitriol increases the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate. • Action of calcitriol on the bone: • Calcitriol stimulates the calcium uptake for deposition as calcium phosphate. Calcitriol is essential for bone formation. • Action of calcitriol o ...
Decreased expression of plastidial adenylate kinase in potato tubers
... NAD-malic enzyme, UMPsynthase and the plastidial isoform of adenylate kinase (ADK) (Jenner et al., 2001; Regierer et al., 2002; Geigenberger et al., 2005a). Whilst plants exhibiting an antisense inhibition of the UMPsynthase reaction of the de novo pathway of uridine biosynthesis have been relativel ...
... NAD-malic enzyme, UMPsynthase and the plastidial isoform of adenylate kinase (ADK) (Jenner et al., 2001; Regierer et al., 2002; Geigenberger et al., 2005a). Whilst plants exhibiting an antisense inhibition of the UMPsynthase reaction of the de novo pathway of uridine biosynthesis have been relativel ...
Friesland Foods Normal
... micro-organisms applied in these products degrade cysteine and methionine, resulting in the production of flavour components such as methanethiol, dimethyl sulphide (DMS), dimethyl disulphide (DMDS) and dimethyl trisulphide (DMTS). Insight in the regulatory signals and pathways that control the corr ...
... micro-organisms applied in these products degrade cysteine and methionine, resulting in the production of flavour components such as methanethiol, dimethyl sulphide (DMS), dimethyl disulphide (DMDS) and dimethyl trisulphide (DMTS). Insight in the regulatory signals and pathways that control the corr ...
Effect of salinity on growth of green alga Botryococcus braunii and
... strains are also known to produce exopolysaccharides up to 250 g m¡3, whereas L race produce up to 1 kg m¡3 (Banerjee et al., 2002). However, the amount of exopolysaccharides production varies with the strains and the culture conditions. Algae diVer in their adaptability to salinity and based on the ...
... strains are also known to produce exopolysaccharides up to 250 g m¡3, whereas L race produce up to 1 kg m¡3 (Banerjee et al., 2002). However, the amount of exopolysaccharides production varies with the strains and the culture conditions. Algae diVer in their adaptability to salinity and based on the ...
... Submammalian systems for mutagenecity assessment - Salmonella (Ames Test), E. coli, yeast and Neurospora, Drosophila-life cycle, culture and maintenance of the organism. Procedures for assessment of genotoxicity Higher plants - gene mutation in Tradescantia – Allium test Unit- 3: Mammalian Sys ...
Dynamic Model of the Process of Protein Synthesis in Eukaryotic Cells
... This reaction is considered here as an irreversible process. Step 3 in the process is the association of free eIF4E with eIF4G to form eIF4F (denoted as EF ) in a reversible reaction and enabling translation. Formation of EF occurs rapidly, while the reverse reaction depends on an external signal H, ...
... This reaction is considered here as an irreversible process. Step 3 in the process is the association of free eIF4E with eIF4G to form eIF4F (denoted as EF ) in a reversible reaction and enabling translation. Formation of EF occurs rapidly, while the reverse reaction depends on an external signal H, ...
6-22 Reaction centres - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... Photosynthetic plant cells differ from animal cells because: a) they don’t contain mitochondria. b) ATP for all cellular processes is produced by chemiosomosis in the chloroplast. c) they do not contain enzymes. d) they are capable of producing carbohydrate from light energy, that can be metabolised ...
... Photosynthetic plant cells differ from animal cells because: a) they don’t contain mitochondria. b) ATP for all cellular processes is produced by chemiosomosis in the chloroplast. c) they do not contain enzymes. d) they are capable of producing carbohydrate from light energy, that can be metabolised ...
Transamination and Reductive Amination
... enzymes following various mechanisms, e.g. by pyridoxal 5¢-phosphate (PLP) dependent transaminases (see Section 2.4.3) or by amino acid dehydrogenases (EC 1.4.1.–) using NADH or NADPH as cofactor. The synthetic usefulness of the transaminase reaction is diminished by the position of the equilibrium ...
... enzymes following various mechanisms, e.g. by pyridoxal 5¢-phosphate (PLP) dependent transaminases (see Section 2.4.3) or by amino acid dehydrogenases (EC 1.4.1.–) using NADH or NADPH as cofactor. The synthetic usefulness of the transaminase reaction is diminished by the position of the equilibrium ...
Bonds and Structural Supports - MSOE Center for BioMolecular
... These bonds can be shown in a variety of colors and often help highlight the regidity of secondary structures (specifically, beta pleated sheets) as well as help physically support a model that will be 3D Printed. Similarly, Disulfide Bonds between interacting Cysteine amino acids can also be added. ...
... These bonds can be shown in a variety of colors and often help highlight the regidity of secondary structures (specifically, beta pleated sheets) as well as help physically support a model that will be 3D Printed. Similarly, Disulfide Bonds between interacting Cysteine amino acids can also be added. ...
Urinalysis Monograph
... the renal tubular lumen. They have a smooth texture and a refractive index very close to that of the surrounding fluid. When present in lower numbers (0-1/LPF) in concentrated urine of otherwise normal patients, hyaline casts are not always indicative of clinically significant disease. Greater numbe ...
... the renal tubular lumen. They have a smooth texture and a refractive index very close to that of the surrounding fluid. When present in lower numbers (0-1/LPF) in concentrated urine of otherwise normal patients, hyaline casts are not always indicative of clinically significant disease. Greater numbe ...
Mitochondrial F1Fo-ATP synthase translocates to cell surface in
... expression of the protein was observed. It was reported that most of the proteins localized to the inner membrane of mitochondria could also be found on the cytoplasmic membrane [7]. Therefore, Wang et al. hypothesized that ectopic ATP synthase might translocate from the mitochondria. However, no di ...
... expression of the protein was observed. It was reported that most of the proteins localized to the inner membrane of mitochondria could also be found on the cytoplasmic membrane [7]. Therefore, Wang et al. hypothesized that ectopic ATP synthase might translocate from the mitochondria. However, no di ...
Global Proteomics of the Extremophile Black Fungus Cryomyces
... carotenoids in colourless and brown-red formations; and 3) the dense cell wall built of chitin, melanin and polysaccharides [9]. All those characteristics make the fungi able to survive diverse stress factors [10]-[12]; they are even known to be survivals of outer space and Mars like environments [1 ...
... carotenoids in colourless and brown-red formations; and 3) the dense cell wall built of chitin, melanin and polysaccharides [9]. All those characteristics make the fungi able to survive diverse stress factors [10]-[12]; they are even known to be survivals of outer space and Mars like environments [1 ...
Lactic Acid Bacteria
... From sugars occurring in foods, hexose is most often the substrate for lactic acid bacteria. The end-product of fermentation of glucose under normal conditions (excess sugar and limited access of oxygen) is lactic acid. This means that homofermentative lactic acid bacteria theoretically produce two ...
... From sugars occurring in foods, hexose is most often the substrate for lactic acid bacteria. The end-product of fermentation of glucose under normal conditions (excess sugar and limited access of oxygen) is lactic acid. This means that homofermentative lactic acid bacteria theoretically produce two ...
ATP regulation in bioproduction
... that the elevated ATP supply induced by citric acid addition enhances V-ATPase to transport H+ from the cytosol to the vacuole, which improves tolerance to acidic pH that is accompanied by an increase in cell growth that, in turn, increases the yield of pyruvic acid [19]. Moreover, enhancing the ATP ...
... that the elevated ATP supply induced by citric acid addition enhances V-ATPase to transport H+ from the cytosol to the vacuole, which improves tolerance to acidic pH that is accompanied by an increase in cell growth that, in turn, increases the yield of pyruvic acid [19]. Moreover, enhancing the ATP ...
PDF
... The genome of D. turgidum DSM 6724TM consists of a single chromosome of 1,855,560 bp and no plasmids or extrachromosomal elements. The GC content of the chromosome is 33.96% based on the genome sequence, slightly higher than the reported value of 32.5% (Svetlichny and Svetlichnaya, 1988) and is pred ...
... The genome of D. turgidum DSM 6724TM consists of a single chromosome of 1,855,560 bp and no plasmids or extrachromosomal elements. The GC content of the chromosome is 33.96% based on the genome sequence, slightly higher than the reported value of 32.5% (Svetlichny and Svetlichnaya, 1988) and is pred ...
Off-the-Vine Ripening of Tomato Fruit Causes Alteration
... is completed when the fruit is red [2]. The ripening process makes tomato fruit of cultivated varieties palatable, with taste playing a major role due to changes in the content of several molecules such as sugars, organic acids and amino acids [3]. This transition is visualized when the ripening fru ...
... is completed when the fruit is red [2]. The ripening process makes tomato fruit of cultivated varieties palatable, with taste playing a major role due to changes in the content of several molecules such as sugars, organic acids and amino acids [3]. This transition is visualized when the ripening fru ...
Electron transfer from aromatic amino acids to guanine and adenine
... nucleobases in DNA. These states are precursors of highly reactive and mutagenic species that may cause essential damage to DNA producing chemically modified nucleobases, single and double strand breaks, protein–DNA cross-links etc.1–10 As DNA is an efficient carrier of hole11,12 and excess electron c ...
... nucleobases in DNA. These states are precursors of highly reactive and mutagenic species that may cause essential damage to DNA producing chemically modified nucleobases, single and double strand breaks, protein–DNA cross-links etc.1–10 As DNA is an efficient carrier of hole11,12 and excess electron c ...
Amino acid frequency distribution at the enzymatic active site
... this study, the whole dataset was divided in three categories namely Viral (VEs; 9), Prokaryotic (pEs; 481) and Eukaryotic (eEs; 348) enzymes based on the source organism. While preparing the database, repetitive CSA entries were excluded. Additionally, depending upon the cellular localization of th ...
... this study, the whole dataset was divided in three categories namely Viral (VEs; 9), Prokaryotic (pEs; 481) and Eukaryotic (eEs; 348) enzymes based on the source organism. While preparing the database, repetitive CSA entries were excluded. Additionally, depending upon the cellular localization of th ...
carnitine deficiency??? - UCSF | Department of Medicine
... mitochondrial matrix where fatty acids are oxidized to produce ATP. Hence carnitine deficiency in skeletal muscle leads to decreased ability to use energy from fatty acids and thus weakness after exercise and myopathy.1 Genetic enzyme defects (Present in children) • Primary carnitine deficiency due ...
... mitochondrial matrix where fatty acids are oxidized to produce ATP. Hence carnitine deficiency in skeletal muscle leads to decreased ability to use energy from fatty acids and thus weakness after exercise and myopathy.1 Genetic enzyme defects (Present in children) • Primary carnitine deficiency due ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.