Metabolism
... oxygen is not directly involved • This process is very active in skeletal muscle (often termed a glycolytic tissue) - pale or white skeletal muscle has large quantities of glycolytic enzymes ...
... oxygen is not directly involved • This process is very active in skeletal muscle (often termed a glycolytic tissue) - pale or white skeletal muscle has large quantities of glycolytic enzymes ...
Hydrophobic-Hydrophilic Forces and their Effects on Protein
... By doing this, we can gain insight into how hydrophobic-hydrophilic interactions affect protein structural similarity, and thus aid us in picking more suitable subconformations based off their HP shape for use in protein structure prediction. ...
... By doing this, we can gain insight into how hydrophobic-hydrophilic interactions affect protein structural similarity, and thus aid us in picking more suitable subconformations based off their HP shape for use in protein structure prediction. ...
Targeting Cancer Metabolism
... Figure 2. Schematic illustrating metabolic pathways prominent in malignant cells. Blue boxes indicate enzymes and transporters that may be useful therapeutic targets in cancer. Green ovals represent transcription factors that alter metabolic pathways. Glycolysis is the 10-step metabolic pathway that ...
... Figure 2. Schematic illustrating metabolic pathways prominent in malignant cells. Blue boxes indicate enzymes and transporters that may be useful therapeutic targets in cancer. Green ovals represent transcription factors that alter metabolic pathways. Glycolysis is the 10-step metabolic pathway that ...
Honors Chemistry / SAT II
... 2143. Neon light, when viewed through a prism or a diffraction grating, shows only certain colors of visible light. This is an example of a (A) bright line spectrum (D) visible spectrum (B) continuous spectrum (E) absorbtion spectrum (C) infrared spectrum 2264. A single burst of visible light is rel ...
... 2143. Neon light, when viewed through a prism or a diffraction grating, shows only certain colors of visible light. This is an example of a (A) bright line spectrum (D) visible spectrum (B) continuous spectrum (E) absorbtion spectrum (C) infrared spectrum 2264. A single burst of visible light is rel ...
Metabolism of Nucleotides
... • shorter pathway than for purines • Pyrimidine ring is made first, then attached to ribose-P (unlike purine biosynthesis) • only 2 precursors (aspartate and glutamine, plus HCO3-) contribute to the 6-membered ring • requires 6 steps (instead of 11 for purine) • the product is UMP (uridine monophosp ...
... • shorter pathway than for purines • Pyrimidine ring is made first, then attached to ribose-P (unlike purine biosynthesis) • only 2 precursors (aspartate and glutamine, plus HCO3-) contribute to the 6-membered ring • requires 6 steps (instead of 11 for purine) • the product is UMP (uridine monophosp ...
4. Microbial Products
... Excessive pigment formation in D. salina is achieved by numerous stress factors like high temperature, lack of nitrogen and phosphate but excess of carbon, high light intensity, and high salt concentration, the latter two having the highest impact. ...
... Excessive pigment formation in D. salina is achieved by numerous stress factors like high temperature, lack of nitrogen and phosphate but excess of carbon, high light intensity, and high salt concentration, the latter two having the highest impact. ...
Enzymatic properties of the N- and C
... HKs I-III contain two regions with high sequence homology: the N-terminal regulatory region (residues 1–475) and the C-terminal catalytic region (residues 476– 917). In HK II, the N-terminal region contains a hydrophobic 12 amino acid chain. To investigate which region is responsible for the enzyme ...
... HKs I-III contain two regions with high sequence homology: the N-terminal regulatory region (residues 1–475) and the C-terminal catalytic region (residues 476– 917). In HK II, the N-terminal region contains a hydrophobic 12 amino acid chain. To investigate which region is responsible for the enzyme ...
REAL Health Solutions!
... Since the beginning of civilization, many cultures have believed that there is an invisible force which made all living things. We now know that this mysterious force, which transforms one substance into another like milk into cheese or grapes into wine, is Systemic Enzymes. Even the air we breathe ...
... Since the beginning of civilization, many cultures have believed that there is an invisible force which made all living things. We now know that this mysterious force, which transforms one substance into another like milk into cheese or grapes into wine, is Systemic Enzymes. Even the air we breathe ...
ppt file/carnitine
... Never nowhere fatty acids can enter to mitochondria to be oxidized, therefore: a) always everywhere glucose (and amino acids) are degraded to yield energy, glucose is consumed very fast, causing between meals life threatening hypoglycemia, coma b) in liver, muscle etc. PDHC is not inhibited by acety ...
... Never nowhere fatty acids can enter to mitochondria to be oxidized, therefore: a) always everywhere glucose (and amino acids) are degraded to yield energy, glucose is consumed very fast, causing between meals life threatening hypoglycemia, coma b) in liver, muscle etc. PDHC is not inhibited by acety ...
Formation of Enzymes of Autotrophic Metabolism
... Alcaligenes eutrophus is an obligate aerobic, facultative chemolithoautotrophic microorganism. During autotrophic growth on carbon dioxide and hydrogen, the latter substrate is activated by a soluble NAD+-linked hydrogenase (EC 1.12.1.2) and a membrane-bound hydrogenase unable to reduce pyridine nuc ...
... Alcaligenes eutrophus is an obligate aerobic, facultative chemolithoautotrophic microorganism. During autotrophic growth on carbon dioxide and hydrogen, the latter substrate is activated by a soluble NAD+-linked hydrogenase (EC 1.12.1.2) and a membrane-bound hydrogenase unable to reduce pyridine nuc ...
Slide 1
... – Some antibiotics work better together than alone – Combining 2 or more drugs may be required to prevent the emergence of resistance e.g. tuberculosis – Combinations should not be given when 1 drug would suffice • Antagonistic effects • No ability to adjust 1 drug concentration ...
... – Some antibiotics work better together than alone – Combining 2 or more drugs may be required to prevent the emergence of resistance e.g. tuberculosis – Combinations should not be given when 1 drug would suffice • Antagonistic effects • No ability to adjust 1 drug concentration ...
CITRIN DEFICIENCY
... Glycolysis (breakdown of glucose sugar) is responsible for oxidizing glucose in order to produce energy (as ATP) for the cell. Citrin deficiency may cause the glycolysis impairment due to an increase in the cytosolic NADH/NAD relationship, leading to a shortage of energy in the liver (see figure). T ...
... Glycolysis (breakdown of glucose sugar) is responsible for oxidizing glucose in order to produce energy (as ATP) for the cell. Citrin deficiency may cause the glycolysis impairment due to an increase in the cytosolic NADH/NAD relationship, leading to a shortage of energy in the liver (see figure). T ...
Computational Protein Design as a Cost Function Network
... binding sites and construct de novo enzymes (see for example [18]). Despite these significant advances, CPD methods still have to mature in order to better guide and accelerate the construction of tailored proteins. In particular, more efficient computational optimization techniques are needed to ex ...
... binding sites and construct de novo enzymes (see for example [18]). Despite these significant advances, CPD methods still have to mature in order to better guide and accelerate the construction of tailored proteins. In particular, more efficient computational optimization techniques are needed to ex ...
PDF
... Concentration of amino acids and neurotransmitters in rat organs - Free amino acids and neurotransmitters contained in the various rat organs were assayed by the method developed in the present study, and the content levels are shown in Table 3 and 4. The levels of the free amino acids in the pituit ...
... Concentration of amino acids and neurotransmitters in rat organs - Free amino acids and neurotransmitters contained in the various rat organs were assayed by the method developed in the present study, and the content levels are shown in Table 3 and 4. The levels of the free amino acids in the pituit ...
Urea Cycle - MBBS Students Club
... • The ammonia produced by enteric bacteria and absorbedinto portal venous blood and the ammonia produced by tissues are rapidly removed from circulation by the liver and converted to urea. • Only traces (10–20μg/dL) thus normally are present in peripheral blood. • This is essential, since ammonia is ...
... • The ammonia produced by enteric bacteria and absorbedinto portal venous blood and the ammonia produced by tissues are rapidly removed from circulation by the liver and converted to urea. • Only traces (10–20μg/dL) thus normally are present in peripheral blood. • This is essential, since ammonia is ...
Electron transport chain-2
... • These are iron- containing electron transferring proteins. • They are heme proteins. • 3 classes have been identified a,b and c • Each cytochrome molecule in its ferric (Fe 3+) form accepts one electron and reduced to the ferrous state (Fe2+). • In addition to iron, Cyt a3 also contain 2 bound cop ...
... • These are iron- containing electron transferring proteins. • They are heme proteins. • 3 classes have been identified a,b and c • Each cytochrome molecule in its ferric (Fe 3+) form accepts one electron and reduced to the ferrous state (Fe2+). • In addition to iron, Cyt a3 also contain 2 bound cop ...
What Is the Chemical Logic of the TCA Cycle?
... Citrate Is Isomerized by Aconitase to Form Isocitrate Isomerization of Citrate to Isocitrate • Citrate is a poor substrate for oxidation • So aconitase isomerizes citrate to yield isocitrate which has a secondary -OH, which can be ...
... Citrate Is Isomerized by Aconitase to Form Isocitrate Isomerization of Citrate to Isocitrate • Citrate is a poor substrate for oxidation • So aconitase isomerizes citrate to yield isocitrate which has a secondary -OH, which can be ...
From Functional Genomics to Physiological Model: the
... “a controlled vocabulary that can be applied to all organisms even as knowledge of gene and protein roles in cells is accumulating and changing” assign functions to gene products at different levels, depending on how much is known about a gene product ...
... “a controlled vocabulary that can be applied to all organisms even as knowledge of gene and protein roles in cells is accumulating and changing” assign functions to gene products at different levels, depending on how much is known about a gene product ...
Analysis of Cell Ageing
... Ligands bind to receptors which directly bind to specific regions of the genome which regulate the transcription of specific genes. The receptors have 3 regions – N terminus which is a transcription activating domain, then a DNA binding domain and a hormone binding at the C terminus. The hormone bin ...
... Ligands bind to receptors which directly bind to specific regions of the genome which regulate the transcription of specific genes. The receptors have 3 regions – N terminus which is a transcription activating domain, then a DNA binding domain and a hormone binding at the C terminus. The hormone bin ...
CRACKING THE GENETIC CODE
... During protein synthesis, these codewords are translated into a functional protein. Thus, to understand how DNA directs protein synthesis, Nirenberg set out to understand the relationship between RNA codewords and protein synthesis. At the outset of his studies, much was already known about the proc ...
... During protein synthesis, these codewords are translated into a functional protein. Thus, to understand how DNA directs protein synthesis, Nirenberg set out to understand the relationship between RNA codewords and protein synthesis. At the outset of his studies, much was already known about the proc ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.