to Sample Chapter
... Ans. Biomolecules are simple molecules or macromolecules which are derived from reactions of simple molecules. ...
... Ans. Biomolecules are simple molecules or macromolecules which are derived from reactions of simple molecules. ...
Document
... The genetic code is a triplet code A set of 3 consecutive nucleotides make a codon in mRNA code, which corresponds to one amino acid in a polypeptide chain. ...
... The genetic code is a triplet code A set of 3 consecutive nucleotides make a codon in mRNA code, which corresponds to one amino acid in a polypeptide chain. ...
L12 - flat - Biology Courses Server
... Energetics - ATP to AMP; equivalent to 2 ATPs to charge tRNA ...
... Energetics - ATP to AMP; equivalent to 2 ATPs to charge tRNA ...
Nucleotide
... DNA carries genetic information in the form of its sequence of nucleotides that is ultimately expressed in the form of proteins—it accomplishes such a remarkable feat via three major mechanisms: (1) DNA Replication—a process by which DNA copies or “replicas” itself, or simply produces two identical ...
... DNA carries genetic information in the form of its sequence of nucleotides that is ultimately expressed in the form of proteins—it accomplishes such a remarkable feat via three major mechanisms: (1) DNA Replication—a process by which DNA copies or “replicas” itself, or simply produces two identical ...
Cellular oxygen utilization in health and sepsis
... Cytopathic hypoxia or cellular metabolic derangement Fink7 first used the term cytopathic hypoxia to describe the dysregulation of oxygen metabolism during sepsis; cells fail to produce adequate amounts of ATP in the presence of sufficient molecular oxygen. These terms reflect the fact that it may n ...
... Cytopathic hypoxia or cellular metabolic derangement Fink7 first used the term cytopathic hypoxia to describe the dysregulation of oxygen metabolism during sepsis; cells fail to produce adequate amounts of ATP in the presence of sufficient molecular oxygen. These terms reflect the fact that it may n ...
Chemical Disinfection
... “What is known as modern chemical warfare began during World War I. The first chemical agent to be used was large amounts of chlorine gas, about one hundred sixty tons, which was released from 6,000 pressurized cylinders into the wind by the Germans against the Allies. The chlorine floated in a huge ...
... “What is known as modern chemical warfare began during World War I. The first chemical agent to be used was large amounts of chlorine gas, about one hundred sixty tons, which was released from 6,000 pressurized cylinders into the wind by the Germans against the Allies. The chlorine floated in a huge ...
Stability, catalytic versatility and evolution of the
... and imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase (HisF) catalyse two successive reactions in the biosynthesis of histidine. Both enzymes bind the common ligand PRFAR (N′-[(5′-phosphoribulosyl)formimino]-5-aminoimidazole4-carboxamide-ribonucleotide), which is the product of HisA and the substrate of HisF. A ...
... and imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase (HisF) catalyse two successive reactions in the biosynthesis of histidine. Both enzymes bind the common ligand PRFAR (N′-[(5′-phosphoribulosyl)formimino]-5-aminoimidazole4-carboxamide-ribonucleotide), which is the product of HisA and the substrate of HisF. A ...
" Enzymes "
... the enzyme be in the protonated form (-NH3+) at alkaline pH this group is deprotonated and the rate of reaction therefore declines. Extreme pH can also lead to denaturation of the enzyme, because the structure of the catalytically active protein molecule depends on the ionic character of the amino a ...
... the enzyme be in the protonated form (-NH3+) at alkaline pH this group is deprotonated and the rate of reaction therefore declines. Extreme pH can also lead to denaturation of the enzyme, because the structure of the catalytically active protein molecule depends on the ionic character of the amino a ...
Directions: Choose the BEST answer from among those given.
... e) choose this answer if none of these is the best choice 32)Enzymes that have the same catalytic function, but have a different chemical structure (primary sequence) are referred to as ? a) isoenzymes (isozymes) b) histones c) albumins d) homologous proteins e) choose this answer if none of these i ...
... e) choose this answer if none of these is the best choice 32)Enzymes that have the same catalytic function, but have a different chemical structure (primary sequence) are referred to as ? a) isoenzymes (isozymes) b) histones c) albumins d) homologous proteins e) choose this answer if none of these i ...
pptx
... So what would happen if we gave a patient a large dose of aspirin or Coxib to reduce inflammation/pain in these tissues? ...
... So what would happen if we gave a patient a large dose of aspirin or Coxib to reduce inflammation/pain in these tissues? ...
Cellular Respiration: Supplying Energy to Metabolic Reactions
... Aerobic Respiration recovers about 40% of the energy in glucose- more efficient than a modern car engine. Glycolysis recovers only about 3% of the energy stored in glucose; nevertheless for a long period much of the history of life was written by organisms that could perform only glycolysis. Many of ...
... Aerobic Respiration recovers about 40% of the energy in glucose- more efficient than a modern car engine. Glycolysis recovers only about 3% of the energy stored in glucose; nevertheless for a long period much of the history of life was written by organisms that could perform only glycolysis. Many of ...
Lecture 9 – Cellular Respiration
... Catabolism of other biomolecules • Proteins must be digested to amino acids; amino groups can feed glycolysis or the citric acid cycle • Fats are digested to glycerol (used in glycolysis) and fatty acids (used in generating acetyl CoA) • Fatty acids are broken down by beta oxidation and yield acety ...
... Catabolism of other biomolecules • Proteins must be digested to amino acids; amino groups can feed glycolysis or the citric acid cycle • Fats are digested to glycerol (used in glycolysis) and fatty acids (used in generating acetyl CoA) • Fatty acids are broken down by beta oxidation and yield acety ...
Product Data Sheet
... energy are derived. When mitochondrial energetics are inhibited, such as occurs during stress, degenerative disease, or aging, demand for coenzyme Q10 increases which must be met by dietary intake in order to optimize mitochondrial function. Mitochondria are exposed to high levels of oxidant stress ...
... energy are derived. When mitochondrial energetics are inhibited, such as occurs during stress, degenerative disease, or aging, demand for coenzyme Q10 increases which must be met by dietary intake in order to optimize mitochondrial function. Mitochondria are exposed to high levels of oxidant stress ...
Campbell Biology in Focus (Urry) Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration
... than the covalent bonds in water and carbon dioxide. B) Electrons are being moved from atoms that have a lower affinity for electrons (such as C) to atoms with a higher affinity for electrons (such as O). C) The oxidation of organic compounds can be used to make ATP. D) The electrons have a higher p ...
... than the covalent bonds in water and carbon dioxide. B) Electrons are being moved from atoms that have a lower affinity for electrons (such as C) to atoms with a higher affinity for electrons (such as O). C) The oxidation of organic compounds can be used to make ATP. D) The electrons have a higher p ...
BC10TEXTCH05_Sec3
... Well over half of all known compounds are classified as organic. Carbon is an element in group 14 of the periodic table. Carbon has four electrons in its valence shell and forms four covalent bonds. In almost all organic compounds, carbon atoms are bonded to hydrogen atoms or other elements that are ...
... Well over half of all known compounds are classified as organic. Carbon is an element in group 14 of the periodic table. Carbon has four electrons in its valence shell and forms four covalent bonds. In almost all organic compounds, carbon atoms are bonded to hydrogen atoms or other elements that are ...
COT102 Decision Document draft only
... These findings support the conclusion that no biologically significant changes in composition occurred as an unintended result of the transformation process or expression of the transgenes in event COT102 cotton. Therefore, the conclusion based on these data, is that event COT102 cotton is not mater ...
... These findings support the conclusion that no biologically significant changes in composition occurred as an unintended result of the transformation process or expression of the transgenes in event COT102 cotton. Therefore, the conclusion based on these data, is that event COT102 cotton is not mater ...
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin
... the substrate and rapidly transforms the substrate into a product . 6. Many enzymes would not achieve their optimum efficiency unless they are bound to a cofactor (i.e. ions , metals) or to a coenzyme (organic cofactors such as vitamins ). 7. Most enzymes' names end with "ase“(ex. Dnase, Sucrase) ...
... the substrate and rapidly transforms the substrate into a product . 6. Many enzymes would not achieve their optimum efficiency unless they are bound to a cofactor (i.e. ions , metals) or to a coenzyme (organic cofactors such as vitamins ). 7. Most enzymes' names end with "ase“(ex. Dnase, Sucrase) ...
Chapter 25
... acid catabolism, is a product of amino acid catabolism, and is used in heme biosynthesis. ATP and NADPH serve critical roles in coupling catabolism and anabolism. Catabolism is largely oxidative in nature, leading to reduction of cofactors NAD+ and FAD. Anabolic pathways are reductive with NADPH usu ...
... acid catabolism, is a product of amino acid catabolism, and is used in heme biosynthesis. ATP and NADPH serve critical roles in coupling catabolism and anabolism. Catabolism is largely oxidative in nature, leading to reduction of cofactors NAD+ and FAD. Anabolic pathways are reductive with NADPH usu ...
Paper - Revision Science
... D it cannot be poisoned. (Total for Question 12 = 1 mark) 13 In the reaction of benzene with chloromethane, aluminium chloride is added because it reacts with A benzene to produce an electrophile. B benzene to produce a nucleophile. C chloromethane to produce a nucleophile. D chloromethane to produc ...
... D it cannot be poisoned. (Total for Question 12 = 1 mark) 13 In the reaction of benzene with chloromethane, aluminium chloride is added because it reacts with A benzene to produce an electrophile. B benzene to produce a nucleophile. C chloromethane to produce a nucleophile. D chloromethane to produc ...
Proteins are made of chains of amino acids
... function? Also: • What makes hair straight or curly and how do perms work? • Why is it important to eat different types of food to supply our protein needs? ...
... function? Also: • What makes hair straight or curly and how do perms work? • Why is it important to eat different types of food to supply our protein needs? ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.