Fatty acid synthesis in liver and adipose tissue
... It is generally accepted that the relative rates of fatty acid synthesis from various substrates (glucose, pyruvate, lactate, acetate) vary markedly between species (Saggerson, 1974;Vernon, 1980b)in both liver and adipose tissue. In monogastric species such as the mouse and rat, and in avian species ...
... It is generally accepted that the relative rates of fatty acid synthesis from various substrates (glucose, pyruvate, lactate, acetate) vary markedly between species (Saggerson, 1974;Vernon, 1980b)in both liver and adipose tissue. In monogastric species such as the mouse and rat, and in avian species ...
Biology, 7e (Campbell) Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting
... Topic: Concept 9.2 Skill: Comprehension 26) In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis? A) CO2 and H2O B) CO2 and pyruvate C) NADH and pyruvate D) CO2 and NADH E) H2O, FADH2, and citrate Topic: Concept 9.2 Skill: Knowledge 27) The free energy for the oxidation of glucose to CO2 and ...
... Topic: Concept 9.2 Skill: Comprehension 26) In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis? A) CO2 and H2O B) CO2 and pyruvate C) NADH and pyruvate D) CO2 and NADH E) H2O, FADH2, and citrate Topic: Concept 9.2 Skill: Knowledge 27) The free energy for the oxidation of glucose to CO2 and ...
TQ bank Lab 4
... Over 90% of streptococcal infections are caused by _________________. A. Streptococcus B. Neisseria C. Beta-hemolytic group A streptococci D. Haemophilus Blood agar is usually made with defibrinated sheep blood, ______________ and nutrient agar. A. Sodium chloride B. Pig blood C. Protein D. Potassiu ...
... Over 90% of streptococcal infections are caused by _________________. A. Streptococcus B. Neisseria C. Beta-hemolytic group A streptococci D. Haemophilus Blood agar is usually made with defibrinated sheep blood, ______________ and nutrient agar. A. Sodium chloride B. Pig blood C. Protein D. Potassiu ...
Natural Carbon Isotope Abundance of Plasma
... This isotope fractionation effect occurs during the decarboxylation of pyruvate by pyruvate deshydrogenase, resulting in depleted acetyl-CoA at the carbon 2 position. The low levels of enrichment at natural abundance mean that only total 13C-enrichment, and not the intramolecular 13C distribution, c ...
... This isotope fractionation effect occurs during the decarboxylation of pyruvate by pyruvate deshydrogenase, resulting in depleted acetyl-CoA at the carbon 2 position. The low levels of enrichment at natural abundance mean that only total 13C-enrichment, and not the intramolecular 13C distribution, c ...
Document
... •Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) •Composed of a nucleotide built from ribose sugar, adenine base, and three phosphate groups •Chemical energy used by all cells •Energy is released by breaking high energy phosphate bond •ATP is replenished by oxidation of food fuels © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... •Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) •Composed of a nucleotide built from ribose sugar, adenine base, and three phosphate groups •Chemical energy used by all cells •Energy is released by breaking high energy phosphate bond •ATP is replenished by oxidation of food fuels © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
100 Chapter 21. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives and Nucleophilic Acyl
... The mechanism of nucleophilic acyl substitution involves two critical steps that can influence the rate of the overall reaction: 1) the initial addition to the carbonyl groups, and 2) the elimination of the leaving group. The nature of the acyl group: The rate of addition to the carbonyl carbon is s ...
... The mechanism of nucleophilic acyl substitution involves two critical steps that can influence the rate of the overall reaction: 1) the initial addition to the carbonyl groups, and 2) the elimination of the leaving group. The nature of the acyl group: The rate of addition to the carbonyl carbon is s ...
Chapter 29 The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways
... ©2003 Ronald Kluger Department of Chemistry University of Toronto ...
... ©2003 Ronald Kluger Department of Chemistry University of Toronto ...
Protein aggregation and amyloid fibril formation prediction software
... proteins and for screening therapeutic approaches against amyloidoses under conditions that mimic physiologically relevant environments. One such example is given. ...
... proteins and for screening therapeutic approaches against amyloidoses under conditions that mimic physiologically relevant environments. One such example is given. ...
Camp 1 - Dr. Paul J. McElligott
... chain cleaved before it becomes active • an example is trypsin, a digestive enzyme • it is synthesized and stored as trypsinogen, which has no enzyme activity • it becomes active only after a six-amino acid fragment is hydrolyzed from the N-terminal end of its chain • removal of this small fragment ...
... chain cleaved before it becomes active • an example is trypsin, a digestive enzyme • it is synthesized and stored as trypsinogen, which has no enzyme activity • it becomes active only after a six-amino acid fragment is hydrolyzed from the N-terminal end of its chain • removal of this small fragment ...
Chapter 29 The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways
... ©2003 Ronald Kluger Department of Chemistry University of Toronto ...
... ©2003 Ronald Kluger Department of Chemistry University of Toronto ...
20. bioenergetics
... Q = heat absorbed by the system W = work done by the system. A noteworthy point about equation 1 is that the change in energy of a system depends only on the initial and the final stages and not on the path of transformation. The Second Law The first law of thermodynamics cannot be used to predict w ...
... Q = heat absorbed by the system W = work done by the system. A noteworthy point about equation 1 is that the change in energy of a system depends only on the initial and the final stages and not on the path of transformation. The Second Law The first law of thermodynamics cannot be used to predict w ...
Obesity and the regulation of fat metabolism
... of stored triacylglycerides is initiated by lipolytic enzymes such as hormone-sensitive lipase. Liberated fatty acids are then activated to their respective acyl-CoA derivates by acyl-CoA synthases/ligases. Breakdown of fatty acyl-CoAs to acetyl-CoA occurs in peroxisomes or mitochondria via β-oxidat ...
... of stored triacylglycerides is initiated by lipolytic enzymes such as hormone-sensitive lipase. Liberated fatty acids are then activated to their respective acyl-CoA derivates by acyl-CoA synthases/ligases. Breakdown of fatty acyl-CoAs to acetyl-CoA occurs in peroxisomes or mitochondria via β-oxidat ...
Knocking Down of Isoprene Emission Modiies the
... in heterologous Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants expressing the isoprene synthase gene from poplar (Populus spp.). It was also shown that isoprene improves the stability of PSII light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) through the modification of pigment-protein complex organization in thylakoid ...
... in heterologous Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants expressing the isoprene synthase gene from poplar (Populus spp.). It was also shown that isoprene improves the stability of PSII light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) through the modification of pigment-protein complex organization in thylakoid ...
Lec4 Cholesterol met..
... • Most dietary cholesterol is present in free form (not estrified) with 10-15% present as cholesterol ester (CE, fatty acid attached to OH at C3). Since free cholesterol is more absorbable (can penetrate the water layer surrounding the enterocytes ), so all CE should be converted into free cholester ...
... • Most dietary cholesterol is present in free form (not estrified) with 10-15% present as cholesterol ester (CE, fatty acid attached to OH at C3). Since free cholesterol is more absorbable (can penetrate the water layer surrounding the enterocytes ), so all CE should be converted into free cholester ...
Insulin - Лекарства - билки, фармация
... (beta)-glucocerebrosidase produced by recombinant DNA technology. (beta)-Glucocerebrosidase ((beta)-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase, E.C. 3.2.1.45) is a lysosomal glycoprotein enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of the glycolipid glucocerebroside to glucose and ceramide. Cerezyme ® is ...
... (beta)-glucocerebrosidase produced by recombinant DNA technology. (beta)-Glucocerebrosidase ((beta)-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase, E.C. 3.2.1.45) is a lysosomal glycoprotein enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of the glycolipid glucocerebroside to glucose and ceramide. Cerezyme ® is ...
Yeast Display Evolution of a Kinetically Efficient 13-Amino
... Figure 2. Yeast display selection scheme and results of model selections. (A) Left: The LAP library (blue) is displayed on the yeast surface as a fusion to Aga2p protein. A C-terminal myc epitope is used to quantify LAP expression level. Right: Selection scheme. Yeast cells displaying three sample L ...
... Figure 2. Yeast display selection scheme and results of model selections. (A) Left: The LAP library (blue) is displayed on the yeast surface as a fusion to Aga2p protein. A C-terminal myc epitope is used to quantify LAP expression level. Right: Selection scheme. Yeast cells displaying three sample L ...
Pharmacology 13a – Atherosclerosis and Lipid Metabolism
... transported in plasma in the core of particles (lioproteins) that have a hydrophilic shell of phospholipids and free cholesterol 2/3 of plasma lipoproteins are synthesised in the liver Triglycerides are secreted into the blood as VLDL In muscle and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase hydrolyses ...
... transported in plasma in the core of particles (lioproteins) that have a hydrophilic shell of phospholipids and free cholesterol 2/3 of plasma lipoproteins are synthesised in the liver Triglycerides are secreted into the blood as VLDL In muscle and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase hydrolyses ...
to the marking scheme for all papers
... Product not contaminated with enzyme; Enzyme can be re-used/ small quantity of enzyme required; Can {withstand/tolerate} a wider range of pH; Can be used in a continuous process; ...
... Product not contaminated with enzyme; Enzyme can be re-used/ small quantity of enzyme required; Can {withstand/tolerate} a wider range of pH; Can be used in a continuous process; ...
Synthesis of esterified solid fat from fractionated
... double bonds isomers, lipase-catalyzed reaction is an alternative process to develop the solid fat stocks without TFA (Mayamol et al., 2009). Enzymatic esterification is a reaction which can be catalyzed by enzymes or chemical catalysts and is a good way to produce structured lipids by changing the ...
... double bonds isomers, lipase-catalyzed reaction is an alternative process to develop the solid fat stocks without TFA (Mayamol et al., 2009). Enzymatic esterification is a reaction which can be catalyzed by enzymes or chemical catalysts and is a good way to produce structured lipids by changing the ...
Exercise-Induced Metabolic Acidosis
... Prior to explaining current and proposed interpretations of the biochemistry of metabolic acidosis, I will clarify the difference between an acid and acid salt. An acid is a molecule that at neutral pH will release a proton into solution. Depending on the size of the molecule, the proton comes from ...
... Prior to explaining current and proposed interpretations of the biochemistry of metabolic acidosis, I will clarify the difference between an acid and acid salt. An acid is a molecule that at neutral pH will release a proton into solution. Depending on the size of the molecule, the proton comes from ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.