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Relevant Logic A Philosophical Examination of Inference Stephen Read February 21, 2012
Relevant Logic A Philosophical Examination of Inference Stephen Read February 21, 2012

Logical Methods in Computer Science Vol. 8(4:19)2012, pp. 1–28 Submitted Oct. 27, 2011
Logical Methods in Computer Science Vol. 8(4:19)2012, pp. 1–28 Submitted Oct. 27, 2011

Hilbert`s Program Then and Now
Hilbert`s Program Then and Now

... between the basic concepts and the axioms. Of basic importance for an axiomatic treatment are, so Hilbert, investigation of the independence and, above all, of the consistency of the axioms. In his 1902 lectures on the foundations of geometry, he puts it thus: Every science takes its starting point ...
Quadripartitaratio - Revistas Científicas de la Universidad de
Quadripartitaratio - Revistas Científicas de la Universidad de

Everything Else Being Equal: A Modal Logic for Ceteris Paribus
Everything Else Being Equal: A Modal Logic for Ceteris Paribus

Introduction to Linear Logic
Introduction to Linear Logic

... The proof-rules for Intuitionistic Logic can then be considered as methods for defining functions such that a proof of a sequent Γ ` B gives rise to a function which assigns a proof of the formula B to a list of proofs proving the respective formulae in the context Γ. Note that tertium non datur, A ...
Curry-Howard Isomorphism - Department of information engineering
Curry-Howard Isomorphism - Department of information engineering

AN EARLY HISTORY OF MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND
AN EARLY HISTORY OF MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND

The Deduction Rule and Linear and Near
The Deduction Rule and Linear and Near

Relevant and Substructural Logics
Relevant and Substructural Logics

Fichte`s Legacy in Logic
Fichte`s Legacy in Logic

... Wissenschaftslehre should itself lead us to recognize a new logical form of judgment: the thetic judgment. Cataloging the various forms of judgment has long been a central part of logical theory. Just as the syllogistic figures specify the allowable forms of inference (the forms in accordance with w ...
On the Complexity of Qualitative Spatial Reasoning: A Maximal
On the Complexity of Qualitative Spatial Reasoning: A Maximal

Hilbert`s Program Then and Now - Philsci
Hilbert`s Program Then and Now - Philsci

... In about 1920, Hilbert came to reject Russell’s logicist solution to the consistency problem for arithmetic, mainly for the reason that the axiom of reducibility cannot be accepted as a purely logical axiom. In lectures from the Summer term 1920, he concluded that “the aim of reducing set theory, an ...
AN EXPOSITION ANS DEVELOPMENT OF KANGER`S EARLY
AN EXPOSITION ANS DEVELOPMENT OF KANGER`S EARLY

Towards an Epistemic Logic of Grounded Belief
Towards an Epistemic Logic of Grounded Belief

The Foundations
The Foundations

The Foundations
The Foundations

The Foundations
The Foundations

... Two syntactically (i.e., textually) different compound propositions may be semantically identical (i.e., have the same meaning). We call them equivalent. Learn:  Various equivalence rules or laws.  How to prove equivalences using symbolic derivations.  Analogy:  x * (5 + y) and xy + 5x are alway ...
HOW TO DEFINE A MEREOLOGICAL (COLLECTIVE) SET
HOW TO DEFINE A MEREOLOGICAL (COLLECTIVE) SET

The Foundations
The Foundations

... Two syntactically (i.e., textually) different compound propositions may be semantically identical (i.e., have the same meaning). We call them equivalent. Learn:  Various equivalence rules or laws.  How to prove equivalences using symbolic derivations.  Analogy:  x * (5 + y) and xy + 5x are alway ...
Theories and uses of context in knowledge representation and
Theories and uses of context in knowledge representation and

... believe that a completely general representation of knowledge is impossible in practice, and – more interestingly – perhaps not even desirable. Indeed, whatever language and facts we choose to represent, there is always a situation in which the stated facts or the language itself are not adequate. H ...
The Foundations
The Foundations

Formal deduction in propositional logic
Formal deduction in propositional logic

... ’Contrariwise,’ continued Tweedledee, ’if it was so, it might be; and if it were so, it would be; but as it isn’t, it ain’t. That’s logic.’ (Lewis Caroll, “Alice in Wonderland”) Formal deduction in propositional logic ...
Handling Exceptions in nonmonotonic reasoning
Handling Exceptions in nonmonotonic reasoning

A pragmatic dialogic interpretation of bi
A pragmatic dialogic interpretation of bi

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Axiom

An axiom or postulate is a premise or starting point of reasoning. As classically conceived, an axiom is a premise so evident as to be accepted as true without controversy.The word comes from the Greek axíōma (ἀξίωμα) 'that which is thought worthy or fit' or 'that which commends itself as evident.' As used in modern logic, an axiom is simply a premise or starting point for reasoning. What it means for an axiom, or any mathematical statement, to be ""true"" is a central question in the philosophy of mathematics, with modern mathematicians holding a multitude of different opinions.In mathematics, the term axiom is used in two related but distinguishable senses: ""logical axioms"" and ""non-logical axioms"". Logical axioms are usually statements that are taken to be true within the system of logic they define (e.g., (A and B) implies A), while non-logical axioms (e.g., a + b = b + a) are actually substantive assertions about the elements of the domain of a specific mathematical theory (such as arithmetic). When used in the latter sense, ""axiom,"" ""postulate"", and ""assumption"" may be used interchangeably. In general, a non-logical axiom is not a self-evident truth, but rather a formal logical expression used in deduction to build a mathematical theory. As modern mathematics admits multiple, equally ""true"" systems of logic, precisely the same thing must be said for logical axioms - they both define and are specific to the particular system of logic that is being invoked. To axiomatize a system of knowledge is to show that its claims can be derived from a small, well-understood set of sentences (the axioms). There are typically multiple ways to axiomatize a given mathematical domain.In both senses, an axiom is any mathematical statement that serves as a starting point from which other statements are logically derived. Within the system they define, axioms (unless redundant) cannot be derived by principles of deduction, nor are they demonstrable by mathematical proofs, simply because they are starting points; there is nothing else from which they logically follow otherwise they would be classified as theorems. However, an axiom in one system may be a theorem in another, and vice versa.
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