• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Ultrafast geometric control of a single qubit using chirped pulses
Ultrafast geometric control of a single qubit using chirped pulses

... the adiabatic excitation of the three-level system [20–22] and can be readily produced experimentally using commercially available pulse-shaping systems. Note that the pump and Stokes Rabi frequencies,  P0,S0 (t), depend on the chirp rate [20, 21] and this gives us a way to control the value of the ...
1. Introduction - Université de Rennes 1
1. Introduction - Université de Rennes 1

Momentum and Conservation of Momentum in One Dimension
Momentum and Conservation of Momentum in One Dimension

... isolated from the Earth. Frictional forces between the Earth and the cars will cause the cars to slow down. If the cars collided on a very slippery surface where the frictional forces with the Earth were minimised, this would almost constitute an isolated system.  Second, if the cars collide and al ...
Conservation of Energy
Conservation of Energy

... A sled and rider with a total mass of 40 kg are perched at the top of the hill shown. Suppose that 2000 J of work is done against friction as the sled travels from the top (at 40 m) to the second hump (at 30 m). Will the sled make it to the top of the second hump if no kinetic energy is given to th ...
The Hamiltonian and Lagrangian densities
The Hamiltonian and Lagrangian densities

ppt
ppt

... OAKLAND, Calif., Jan. 12 — A fleeting, ultradense state of matter, comparable in some respects to a bizarre kind of subatomic pudding, has been discovered deep within the core of ordinary gold atoms, scientists from Brookhaven National Laboratory said at a conference ...
Chapter 6
Chapter 6

ppt - Zettaflops
ppt - Zettaflops

... –Lloyd/Abrams then constructed an explicit quantum algorithm for computing properties of a quantum system ...
Hyperradiance-a new paradigm in 60 years of superradiance
Hyperradiance-a new paradigm in 60 years of superradiance

... we neglect marginal dephasing effects, which, for example, become relevant in the case of quantum dots. In order to work out the dynamical behavior of the atom-cavity system, we have to solve the master equation (1), which depends on many parameters. Whereas η, δ, and ∆ can be easily varied, g, κ, a ...
Liquid State NMR Quantum Computing
Liquid State NMR Quantum Computing

Graphs
Graphs

... What do those numbers words mean? mean? ...
Theory of x-ray absorption by laser-dressed atoms
Theory of x-ray absorption by laser-dressed atoms

Understanding degenerate ground states of a protected
Understanding degenerate ground states of a protected

Travelling Waves on a String Pluck a String Travelling Sine
Travelling Waves on a String Pluck a String Travelling Sine

physics5 - Ingvar Johansson: Philosophy Home Page
physics5 - Ingvar Johansson: Philosophy Home Page

... determinates allow themselves to be linearly ordered. But in itself such an ordering creates only a so-called ‘ordinal scale’. In order to obtain quantities, also relations between equality of intervals in the ordinal scale have to be found; for instance, the interval between the determinates that a ...
Calculation of Dispersion Energies - Psi-k
Calculation of Dispersion Energies - Psi-k

“Mind the gap” Solving optimization problems with a
“Mind the gap” Solving optimization problems with a

Latched Detection of Excited States in an Isolated Double
Latched Detection of Excited States in an Isolated Double

Initial State Parton Evolution beyond the Leading Logarithmic Order
Initial State Parton Evolution beyond the Leading Logarithmic Order

PDF
PDF

... observables of a system in a mixed state, without requiring that the mixture in question be ignorance interpretable. Hence, this formulation allows us to ascribe values to observables of systems even when the systems are not in eigenstates of the corresponding operators. There are a number of import ...
coherent states in quantum mechanics
coherent states in quantum mechanics

... In classical physics the properties of a certain system can be described using its position x and mass m. With these variables it is possible to determine the velocity v(=dx/dt), the momentum p(=mv) and any other dynamical variable of interest. Quantum mechanics describes the time evolution of physi ...
canonical quantum electrodynamics in covariant gauges
canonical quantum electrodynamics in covariant gauges

... a certain type is developed . This type comprises most of the gauges that usually are studied i n the literature . In every gauge there are four photons and in the sense that the expectation valu e of the four-divergence of the Maxwell field is zero for all physical states, all these gauges ar e qua ...
Chemical reaction rates using the semiclassical
Chemical reaction rates using the semiclassical

Philosophy of Science, 69 (September 2002) pp
Philosophy of Science, 69 (September 2002) pp

... In the absence of further knowledge of the mixing process, the possibility of producing (I I)/4 by mixing eigenstates of the Bell operator shows only that there is a nonlocal quantum hidden variables model of the state (I I)/4, not that there can be no local one! So we see that it is in general fal ...
URL - StealthSkater
URL - StealthSkater

... Real space-time sheets provide a kind of symbolic representations whereas p-adic space-time sheets provide correlates for cognition and intentions. All that we can symbolically communicate about conscious experience relies on quantal space-time engineering to build these representations. What makes ...
< 1 ... 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 ... 516 >

Renormalization group



In theoretical physics, the renormalization group (RG) refers to a mathematical apparatus that allows systematic investigation of the changes of a physical system as viewed at different distance scales. In particle physics, it reflects the changes in the underlying force laws (codified in a quantum field theory) as the energy scale at which physical processes occur varies, energy/momentum and resolution distance scales being effectively conjugate under the uncertainty principle (cf. Compton wavelength).A change in scale is called a ""scale transformation"". The renormalization group is intimately related to ""scale invariance"" and ""conformal invariance"", symmetries in which a system appears the same at all scales (so-called self-similarity). (However, note that scale transformations are included in conformal transformations, in general: the latter including additional symmetry generators associated with special conformal transformations.)As the scale varies, it is as if one is changing the magnifying power of a notional microscope viewing the system. In so-called renormalizable theories, the system at one scale will generally be seen to consist of self-similar copies of itself when viewed at a smaller scale, with different parameters describing the components of the system. The components, or fundamental variables, may relate to atoms, elementary particles, atomic spins, etc. The parameters of the theory typically describe the interactions of the components. These may be variable ""couplings"" which measure the strength of various forces, or mass parameters themselves. The components themselves may appear to be composed of more of the self-same components as one goes to shorter distances.For example, in quantum electrodynamics (QED), an electron appears to be composed of electrons, positrons (anti-electrons) and photons, as one views it at higher resolution, at very short distances. The electron at such short distances has a slightly different electric charge than does the ""dressed electron"" seen at large distances, and this change, or ""running,"" in the value of the electric charge is determined by the renormalization group equation.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report