Configurational forces in dynamics and electrodynamics
... is derived. This momentum turns out to depend explicitly on the electromagnetic vector-potential and is thus gauge-dependent. However, the role of the electromagnetic potential in the canonical momentum deserves some further comments. In fact, on the basis of this momentum a Hamiltonian can also be ...
... is derived. This momentum turns out to depend explicitly on the electromagnetic vector-potential and is thus gauge-dependent. However, the role of the electromagnetic potential in the canonical momentum deserves some further comments. In fact, on the basis of this momentum a Hamiltonian can also be ...
Commentary - Absurd Being
... not think of our lives or thoughts or interpersonal relationships as useless. It is a myth being foisted on us by scientists that certitude is the supreme value and if it can’t be reduced to an equation, it is worthless. Philosophy carries us beyond the clean, absolute world of mathematics and depos ...
... not think of our lives or thoughts or interpersonal relationships as useless. It is a myth being foisted on us by scientists that certitude is the supreme value and if it can’t be reduced to an equation, it is worthless. Philosophy carries us beyond the clean, absolute world of mathematics and depos ...
COVARIANT HAMILTONIAN GENERAL RELATIVITY
... In the companion paper1 I have discussed the possibility of a relativistic foundation of mechanics and I have argued that the usual notions of state and observable have to be modified in order to work well in a relativistic context. Here I apply this point of view to field theory. In the context of ...
... In the companion paper1 I have discussed the possibility of a relativistic foundation of mechanics and I have argued that the usual notions of state and observable have to be modified in order to work well in a relativistic context. Here I apply this point of view to field theory. In the context of ...
A Quantum Mechanical Model for Vibration and Rotation of Molecules
... (known) ‘precisely’ for rotations in 3D in QM systems as opposed to classical 2D rigid rotors. Need to know all vectors at the same time to specify direction of vector l. ...
... (known) ‘precisely’ for rotations in 3D in QM systems as opposed to classical 2D rigid rotors. Need to know all vectors at the same time to specify direction of vector l. ...
Dilution-Controlled Quantum Criticality in Rare-Earth Nickelates J.V. Alvarez, H. Rieger, and A. Zheludev
... conceptual study of the problem. It incorporates quantum Ising spin chains in a transverse field (ITF) with > J (paramagnetic gapped regime) [8]. The ITF model is in the same universality class as S 1 Haldane spin chains and shares with it many common features [9]. The ground state in both cases ...
... conceptual study of the problem. It incorporates quantum Ising spin chains in a transverse field (ITF) with > J (paramagnetic gapped regime) [8]. The ITF model is in the same universality class as S 1 Haldane spin chains and shares with it many common features [9]. The ground state in both cases ...
The Optimization Problem is
... Two Quarrying Sites Company A Quarrying Company owns two different rock sites that produce aggregate which, after being crushed, is graded into three classes: high, medium and low-grade. The company has contracted to provide a concrete batching plant with 12 tons of high-grade, 8 tons of medium-grad ...
... Two Quarrying Sites Company A Quarrying Company owns two different rock sites that produce aggregate which, after being crushed, is graded into three classes: high, medium and low-grade. The company has contracted to provide a concrete batching plant with 12 tons of high-grade, 8 tons of medium-grad ...
transparencies - Indico
... Why should such different results connect? High-energy physics covers an enormous range of energies At the highest energies, we need a theory of quantum gravity—a theory that includes quantum mechanics and general relativity String theory, in which the fundamental ingredients are oscillating, vibra ...
... Why should such different results connect? High-energy physics covers an enormous range of energies At the highest energies, we need a theory of quantum gravity—a theory that includes quantum mechanics and general relativity String theory, in which the fundamental ingredients are oscillating, vibra ...
Document
... What are the shapes of the orbitals for different values of the angular momentum quantum number (different subshells)? Sketch these shapes. What labels do we give these subshells? ...
... What are the shapes of the orbitals for different values of the angular momentum quantum number (different subshells)? Sketch these shapes. What labels do we give these subshells? ...
Document
... Form factors provide the spatial distribution, Feynman distribution provide the momentumspace density. They do not provide any info on space-momentum correlation. The quark and gluon Wigner distributions are the correlated momentum & coordinate distributions, allowing us to picture the proton at ...
... Form factors provide the spatial distribution, Feynman distribution provide the momentumspace density. They do not provide any info on space-momentum correlation. The quark and gluon Wigner distributions are the correlated momentum & coordinate distributions, allowing us to picture the proton at ...
the problem book
... Hint: You may use the azimuthal symmetry to write down a general expression for the potential in the form of a series, and then use the boundary conditions to determine the coefficients. ...
... Hint: You may use the azimuthal symmetry to write down a general expression for the potential in the form of a series, and then use the boundary conditions to determine the coefficients. ...
Renormalization group
In theoretical physics, the renormalization group (RG) refers to a mathematical apparatus that allows systematic investigation of the changes of a physical system as viewed at different distance scales. In particle physics, it reflects the changes in the underlying force laws (codified in a quantum field theory) as the energy scale at which physical processes occur varies, energy/momentum and resolution distance scales being effectively conjugate under the uncertainty principle (cf. Compton wavelength).A change in scale is called a ""scale transformation"". The renormalization group is intimately related to ""scale invariance"" and ""conformal invariance"", symmetries in which a system appears the same at all scales (so-called self-similarity). (However, note that scale transformations are included in conformal transformations, in general: the latter including additional symmetry generators associated with special conformal transformations.)As the scale varies, it is as if one is changing the magnifying power of a notional microscope viewing the system. In so-called renormalizable theories, the system at one scale will generally be seen to consist of self-similar copies of itself when viewed at a smaller scale, with different parameters describing the components of the system. The components, or fundamental variables, may relate to atoms, elementary particles, atomic spins, etc. The parameters of the theory typically describe the interactions of the components. These may be variable ""couplings"" which measure the strength of various forces, or mass parameters themselves. The components themselves may appear to be composed of more of the self-same components as one goes to shorter distances.For example, in quantum electrodynamics (QED), an electron appears to be composed of electrons, positrons (anti-electrons) and photons, as one views it at higher resolution, at very short distances. The electron at such short distances has a slightly different electric charge than does the ""dressed electron"" seen at large distances, and this change, or ""running,"" in the value of the electric charge is determined by the renormalization group equation.