On the adequacy of the Redfield equation and related approaches
... the protein environment in EET processes. In the original paper of Redfield19,20 the zeroth-order Hamiltonian for the perturbation expansion describes only the system and does not provide any information about the temperature environment. In some of the literature,11,15,44–47 on the other hand, a di ...
... the protein environment in EET processes. In the original paper of Redfield19,20 the zeroth-order Hamiltonian for the perturbation expansion describes only the system and does not provide any information about the temperature environment. In some of the literature,11,15,44–47 on the other hand, a di ...
PHYS_483_ProjectFINA..
... theoretical efficiency by generating solar cells doped with quantum dots and even cells completely made out of quantum dots. These provide the ability to control the excitation energy in order to maximize the quantum efficiency of the solar cell. The following page contains an article along with a v ...
... theoretical efficiency by generating solar cells doped with quantum dots and even cells completely made out of quantum dots. These provide the ability to control the excitation energy in order to maximize the quantum efficiency of the solar cell. The following page contains an article along with a v ...
- Philsci
... outcome is in general probabilistic, but if this process is treated quantum mechanically, the outcome is deterministic. OQT is ambiguous concerning the fundamental question as to whether the quantum domain is deterministic or probabilistic. (3) OQT is very seriously ad hoc, in that it consists of t ...
... outcome is in general probabilistic, but if this process is treated quantum mechanically, the outcome is deterministic. OQT is ambiguous concerning the fundamental question as to whether the quantum domain is deterministic or probabilistic. (3) OQT is very seriously ad hoc, in that it consists of t ...
sph_404_statistical_physics-_2014_-2015_-2016c_
... quantities. The study of statistical physics is impossible without some knowledge of probability theory. In this section we recall the simpler ideas of classical probability theory. By emphasizing the concept of “Ensembles and Probabilities”, the approach used in this section differs sharply from th ...
... quantities. The study of statistical physics is impossible without some knowledge of probability theory. In this section we recall the simpler ideas of classical probability theory. By emphasizing the concept of “Ensembles and Probabilities”, the approach used in this section differs sharply from th ...
BSC Physics Syllabus Calicut University
... hypothesis, Postulates of Special Theory of Relativity, Lorentz transformation equations, Velocity transformation, Length contraction, Time dilation, Simultaneity, Mass in relativity, Mass and energy ,Space time diagram, Geometrical interpretation of Lorentz transformation, Principle of covariance, ...
... hypothesis, Postulates of Special Theory of Relativity, Lorentz transformation equations, Velocity transformation, Length contraction, Time dilation, Simultaneity, Mass in relativity, Mass and energy ,Space time diagram, Geometrical interpretation of Lorentz transformation, Principle of covariance, ...
Coupled Quantum– Atomistic and Quantum–Continuum Mechanics
... length scales necessitates the inclusion of additional physics from these smaller scales—this could be done by introducing microscopic parameters in the continuum model or, in cases where the coupling across scales is strong, by concurrent modeling at both scales. Whichever the point of view, couple ...
... length scales necessitates the inclusion of additional physics from these smaller scales—this could be done by introducing microscopic parameters in the continuum model or, in cases where the coupling across scales is strong, by concurrent modeling at both scales. Whichever the point of view, couple ...
Handout 9 - Oxford Physics
... of the figure, the tube reaches an extremal cross-section of the constant energy surface E. In this case, 4 In other words, as far as the density of states is concerned, the magnetic field reduces the effective dimensionality of the electron system by 2. 5 Remember from earlier lectures that E ≡ µ(T ...
... of the figure, the tube reaches an extremal cross-section of the constant energy surface E. In this case, 4 In other words, as far as the density of states is concerned, the magnetic field reduces the effective dimensionality of the electron system by 2. 5 Remember from earlier lectures that E ≡ µ(T ...
Study on Systems of Hydrogen Atoms in the View Point of Natural
... In this paper, we study the derivation of the Schrödinger equation of the system of hydrogen atoms and its solutions which are necessary to analyze the natural statistical phenomena of the system of hydrogen atoms in the basis of the laws of natural statistical physics. Using the above results, we ...
... In this paper, we study the derivation of the Schrödinger equation of the system of hydrogen atoms and its solutions which are necessary to analyze the natural statistical phenomena of the system of hydrogen atoms in the basis of the laws of natural statistical physics. Using the above results, we ...
ZCT 104 Exam solution, sessi 2003/04
... B. is the same as that of an electron C. depends on its frequency D. depends on its energy E. Non of the above ANS: A, Modern physical technique, Beiser, MCP 6, pg. 801 8. Determine the vacuum wavelength corresponding to a -ray energy of 1019 eV A. 1.24 10 9 pm B. 1.24 10 16 pm C. 1.24 10 ...
... B. is the same as that of an electron C. depends on its frequency D. depends on its energy E. Non of the above ANS: A, Modern physical technique, Beiser, MCP 6, pg. 801 8. Determine the vacuum wavelength corresponding to a -ray energy of 1019 eV A. 1.24 10 9 pm B. 1.24 10 16 pm C. 1.24 10 ...
Mirror QCD and Cosmological Constant
... beyond the Perturbation Theory, just like the YM trace anomaly itself. Thus, the exact solution (15) corresponds to the physical quantum ground state of an effective YM theory. It is important to point out following Ref. [50], that the Equations (15)–(16) were obtained in the pure YM case when the i ...
... beyond the Perturbation Theory, just like the YM trace anomaly itself. Thus, the exact solution (15) corresponds to the physical quantum ground state of an effective YM theory. It is important to point out following Ref. [50], that the Equations (15)–(16) were obtained in the pure YM case when the i ...
Quantum Interference 3 Claude Cohen-Tannoudji Scott Lectures Cambridge, March 9
... If one measures Sz on the first spin and if one finds +1 (in units of /2), one is sure that Sz is equal to -1 for the second spin. Idem if one measures Sx or Sy (Isotropy of the singlet state). Einstein, Podolsky et Rosen (1935) conclude that the quantum description of phenomena is incomplete. Thei ...
... If one measures Sz on the first spin and if one finds +1 (in units of /2), one is sure that Sz is equal to -1 for the second spin. Idem if one measures Sx or Sy (Isotropy of the singlet state). Einstein, Podolsky et Rosen (1935) conclude that the quantum description of phenomena is incomplete. Thei ...
Renormalization group
In theoretical physics, the renormalization group (RG) refers to a mathematical apparatus that allows systematic investigation of the changes of a physical system as viewed at different distance scales. In particle physics, it reflects the changes in the underlying force laws (codified in a quantum field theory) as the energy scale at which physical processes occur varies, energy/momentum and resolution distance scales being effectively conjugate under the uncertainty principle (cf. Compton wavelength).A change in scale is called a ""scale transformation"". The renormalization group is intimately related to ""scale invariance"" and ""conformal invariance"", symmetries in which a system appears the same at all scales (so-called self-similarity). (However, note that scale transformations are included in conformal transformations, in general: the latter including additional symmetry generators associated with special conformal transformations.)As the scale varies, it is as if one is changing the magnifying power of a notional microscope viewing the system. In so-called renormalizable theories, the system at one scale will generally be seen to consist of self-similar copies of itself when viewed at a smaller scale, with different parameters describing the components of the system. The components, or fundamental variables, may relate to atoms, elementary particles, atomic spins, etc. The parameters of the theory typically describe the interactions of the components. These may be variable ""couplings"" which measure the strength of various forces, or mass parameters themselves. The components themselves may appear to be composed of more of the self-same components as one goes to shorter distances.For example, in quantum electrodynamics (QED), an electron appears to be composed of electrons, positrons (anti-electrons) and photons, as one views it at higher resolution, at very short distances. The electron at such short distances has a slightly different electric charge than does the ""dressed electron"" seen at large distances, and this change, or ""running,"" in the value of the electric charge is determined by the renormalization group equation.