93, 074101 (2004)
... are the same as that for the Schrödinger equation, although interactions in the condensate do change the average number of levels up to a certain energy. Consider condensed atoms confined in a quarterstadium shaped trap of area A (with length of the top straight side L, radius of the semicircle R) ...
... are the same as that for the Schrödinger equation, although interactions in the condensate do change the average number of levels up to a certain energy. Consider condensed atoms confined in a quarterstadium shaped trap of area A (with length of the top straight side L, radius of the semicircle R) ...
International Journal of Mathematics, Game Theory and Algebra
... the weights required for u. a. p. are not necessary to be of an arbitrarily large magnitude. But what if they are too restricted. How can one learn approximation properties of networks with an arbitrarily restricted set of weights? This problem is too general to be solved directly in this form. But ...
... the weights required for u. a. p. are not necessary to be of an arbitrarily large magnitude. But what if they are too restricted. How can one learn approximation properties of networks with an arbitrarily restricted set of weights? This problem is too general to be solved directly in this form. But ...
F From Vibrating Strings to a Unified Theory of All Interactions
... geometrical property that distinguishes their charges. This is different in string theory. Relativistic strings come with an orientation. For a closed string, the orientation is an arrow that defines a preferred direction along the string. One can travel along a closed string in two directions; the ...
... geometrical property that distinguishes their charges. This is different in string theory. Relativistic strings come with an orientation. For a closed string, the orientation is an arrow that defines a preferred direction along the string. One can travel along a closed string in two directions; the ...
- Natural Sciences Publishing
... dissipative effects of the JC model are caused by the energy exchange between the system and environment which is represented by a thermal reservoir. Since entanglement is a central topic in quantum information science, the degree of entanglement in some physical systems is studied [20]. Also there ...
... dissipative effects of the JC model are caused by the energy exchange between the system and environment which is represented by a thermal reservoir. Since entanglement is a central topic in quantum information science, the degree of entanglement in some physical systems is studied [20]. Also there ...
The Dome - University of Pittsburgh
... thermal equilibrium as described in statistical physics. We infer that, were such a state possible, it would have an infinite energy density. But that would only happen if the E and B fields diverge, contrary to the assumption of the theory. A second illustration arises in general relativity from th ...
... thermal equilibrium as described in statistical physics. We infer that, were such a state possible, it would have an infinite energy density. But that would only happen if the E and B fields diverge, contrary to the assumption of the theory. A second illustration arises in general relativity from th ...
Quantum-teleportation benchmarks for independent and identically
... (Mn ,Pn ) for which the reconstructed state ωn := Pn ◦ Mn (ρ ⊗n ) is as close as possible to the input state (i.e., ωn − ρ ⊗n 1 is small). The figure of merit is based on the trace norm distance between the input and output states. We show that asymptotically with n this problem is equivalent to t ...
... (Mn ,Pn ) for which the reconstructed state ωn := Pn ◦ Mn (ρ ⊗n ) is as close as possible to the input state (i.e., ωn − ρ ⊗n 1 is small). The figure of merit is based on the trace norm distance between the input and output states. We show that asymptotically with n this problem is equivalent to t ...
Quantum Mirror Symmetry for Borcea
... Mirror symmetry is one of the most influential strands of current algebraic geometry motivated by physics. In string theory, space-time is locally modelled as the product of the four standard dimensions with a Calabi-Yau complex threefold. In many cases these threefolds come in mirror pairs, where t ...
... Mirror symmetry is one of the most influential strands of current algebraic geometry motivated by physics. In string theory, space-time is locally modelled as the product of the four standard dimensions with a Calabi-Yau complex threefold. In many cases these threefolds come in mirror pairs, where t ...
here
... components |ei i j = δi j is orthonormal with respect to the usual inner product hu|vi = i u∗i v j . • A set of orthonormal vectors is said to be a complete orthonormal set if it forms a basis for the vector space, i.e., if we may write any vector as a linear combination. ...
... components |ei i j = δi j is orthonormal with respect to the usual inner product hu|vi = i u∗i v j . • A set of orthonormal vectors is said to be a complete orthonormal set if it forms a basis for the vector space, i.e., if we may write any vector as a linear combination. ...
Gabrielse
... also Mainz and GSI (without SEO) (build upon bound electron g values) measure proton spin frequency we already accurately measure antiproton cyclotron frequencies get antiproton g value (Improve by factor of a million or more) ...
... also Mainz and GSI (without SEO) (build upon bound electron g values) measure proton spin frequency we already accurately measure antiproton cyclotron frequencies get antiproton g value (Improve by factor of a million or more) ...
Understanding Processes and Experimentation
... wave travels through the medium, in ms-1, f (or nu, ν) is the frequency of the wave, in Hz (no. of wavelengths per. second), and λ is the wavelength, in m. This equation applies to electromagnetic waves, but you should remember that there are different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, and t ...
... wave travels through the medium, in ms-1, f (or nu, ν) is the frequency of the wave, in Hz (no. of wavelengths per. second), and λ is the wavelength, in m. This equation applies to electromagnetic waves, but you should remember that there are different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, and t ...
A Functional Architecture for Scalable Quantum Computing
... the phase shift acquired by |20i does not affect the gate fidelity. This tuning of fluxonium also affects the states |10i and |01i, creating some phase shift. This effect is usually very small because it occurs at a frequency far away from the frequency T . Note that the at which |11i and |20i repul ...
... the phase shift acquired by |20i does not affect the gate fidelity. This tuning of fluxonium also affects the states |10i and |01i, creating some phase shift. This effect is usually very small because it occurs at a frequency far away from the frequency T . Note that the at which |11i and |20i repul ...
Document
... • The fundamental symmetries of the Standard Model provide a successful basis for explaining the microphysics of the present universe, but additional symmetries are needed to address important questions about earlier times Origin of matter, unification, size of the Fermi ...
... • The fundamental symmetries of the Standard Model provide a successful basis for explaining the microphysics of the present universe, but additional symmetries are needed to address important questions about earlier times Origin of matter, unification, size of the Fermi ...
Hidden symmetries in the energy levels of excitonic `artificial atoms`
... dominant at the low-energy side of X while the exciton line fades away. Then the biexciton emission decreases, while a new s-shell emission line emerges at slightly lower energies. Simultaneously, intense emission from the p shell appears at an energy 50 meV higher. In the further evolution of the s ...
... dominant at the low-energy side of X while the exciton line fades away. Then the biexciton emission decreases, while a new s-shell emission line emerges at slightly lower energies. Simultaneously, intense emission from the p shell appears at an energy 50 meV higher. In the further evolution of the s ...
Renormalization group
In theoretical physics, the renormalization group (RG) refers to a mathematical apparatus that allows systematic investigation of the changes of a physical system as viewed at different distance scales. In particle physics, it reflects the changes in the underlying force laws (codified in a quantum field theory) as the energy scale at which physical processes occur varies, energy/momentum and resolution distance scales being effectively conjugate under the uncertainty principle (cf. Compton wavelength).A change in scale is called a ""scale transformation"". The renormalization group is intimately related to ""scale invariance"" and ""conformal invariance"", symmetries in which a system appears the same at all scales (so-called self-similarity). (However, note that scale transformations are included in conformal transformations, in general: the latter including additional symmetry generators associated with special conformal transformations.)As the scale varies, it is as if one is changing the magnifying power of a notional microscope viewing the system. In so-called renormalizable theories, the system at one scale will generally be seen to consist of self-similar copies of itself when viewed at a smaller scale, with different parameters describing the components of the system. The components, or fundamental variables, may relate to atoms, elementary particles, atomic spins, etc. The parameters of the theory typically describe the interactions of the components. These may be variable ""couplings"" which measure the strength of various forces, or mass parameters themselves. The components themselves may appear to be composed of more of the self-same components as one goes to shorter distances.For example, in quantum electrodynamics (QED), an electron appears to be composed of electrons, positrons (anti-electrons) and photons, as one views it at higher resolution, at very short distances. The electron at such short distances has a slightly different electric charge than does the ""dressed electron"" seen at large distances, and this change, or ""running,"" in the value of the electric charge is determined by the renormalization group equation.