Superluminal Quantum Models of the Photon and Electron
... In 1925, Werner Heisenberg introduced matrix mechanics to describe what is observable about radiation from atoms – light frequencies and intensities. In 1926, Erwin Schrodinger in introduced wave mechanics to predict the observed energy levels of atoms based on electron wave properties. The two theo ...
... In 1925, Werner Heisenberg introduced matrix mechanics to describe what is observable about radiation from atoms – light frequencies and intensities. In 1926, Erwin Schrodinger in introduced wave mechanics to predict the observed energy levels of atoms based on electron wave properties. The two theo ...
Dirac Matrices and Lorentz Spinors
... Schrödinger equation — that is, an equation for the wave function ψ(x, t) for one relativistic particle. But pretty soon this interpretation run into trouble with bad probabilities (negative, or > 1) when a particle travels through high potential barriers or deep potential wells. There were also tr ...
... Schrödinger equation — that is, an equation for the wave function ψ(x, t) for one relativistic particle. But pretty soon this interpretation run into trouble with bad probabilities (negative, or > 1) when a particle travels through high potential barriers or deep potential wells. There were also tr ...
PDF
... we were to measure some observable on S1 and to find that the outcome is the eigenvalue corresponding to, say, uk, then a measurement of the same observable on S2 would give the eigenvalue corresponding to vk. Hence once a measurement is performed on, say, S1, some consequences seem to follow for me ...
... we were to measure some observable on S1 and to find that the outcome is the eigenvalue corresponding to, say, uk, then a measurement of the same observable on S2 would give the eigenvalue corresponding to vk. Hence once a measurement is performed on, say, S1, some consequences seem to follow for me ...
Orbitals Package Examples Introduction Initialization
... Since libname usually points already to the current directory (for more recent versions of Maple), you can just copy these files to the same directory as this document. If you are accessing this document through the help system, the package is already loaded and you do not need to do anything. If yo ...
... Since libname usually points already to the current directory (for more recent versions of Maple), you can just copy these files to the same directory as this document. If you are accessing this document through the help system, the package is already loaded and you do not need to do anything. If yo ...
Optimal quantum cloning of orbital angular momentum photon
... applications23 . Hitherto, none of these applications has been demonstrated with OAM quantum states. Quantum cloning – making copies of unknown input quantum states – represents a particularly important and interesting example. The impossibility of making perfect copies, established by the “no-cloni ...
... applications23 . Hitherto, none of these applications has been demonstrated with OAM quantum states. Quantum cloning – making copies of unknown input quantum states – represents a particularly important and interesting example. The impossibility of making perfect copies, established by the “no-cloni ...
61, 062310 (2000)
... cloning machine was first considered by Duan and Guo 关18,19兴 using a general unitary-reduction operation with a postselection of the measurement results. They showed that a set of nonorthogonal but linear-independent pure states can be faithfully cloned with optimal success probability. Recently, Ch ...
... cloning machine was first considered by Duan and Guo 关18,19兴 using a general unitary-reduction operation with a postselection of the measurement results. They showed that a set of nonorthogonal but linear-independent pure states can be faithfully cloned with optimal success probability. Recently, Ch ...
Earth-Moon Lagrangian points as a testbed for general relativity and
... We first analyse the restricted four-body problem consisting of the Earth, the Moon and the Sun as the primaries and a spacecraft as the planetoid. This scheme allows us to take into account the solar perturbation in the description of the motion of a spacecraft in the vicinity of the stable Earth-M ...
... We first analyse the restricted four-body problem consisting of the Earth, the Moon and the Sun as the primaries and a spacecraft as the planetoid. This scheme allows us to take into account the solar perturbation in the description of the motion of a spacecraft in the vicinity of the stable Earth-M ...
Quantum Chaos and Quantum Computers
... question, what will be the origin of future human power? Even thirty or twenty years ago the standard answer would be: nuclear. But now in the view of the amazing computer development all over the world it becomes clear that the future power will be related to ability to count as fast as possible. I ...
... question, what will be the origin of future human power? Even thirty or twenty years ago the standard answer would be: nuclear. But now in the view of the amazing computer development all over the world it becomes clear that the future power will be related to ability to count as fast as possible. I ...
Matematiska institutionen Department of Mathematics Covering the sphere with noncontextuality inequalities
... explained by classical physics, for example the ultra-violet disaster of any classical model of of black-body radiation, and the photoelectric effect. There were many other phenomena that were unexplainable, for more see for instance Bransden and Joachain [2000]. It was these phenomena that led to t ...
... explained by classical physics, for example the ultra-violet disaster of any classical model of of black-body radiation, and the photoelectric effect. There were many other phenomena that were unexplainable, for more see for instance Bransden and Joachain [2000]. It was these phenomena that led to t ...
indistinguishability - University of Oxford
... number Ns of ‘energy elements’ over a system of Cs states (or ‘resonators’)? The distribution of energy over each type of resonator must now be considered, first, the distribution of the energy Es over the Cs resonators with frequency s . If Es is regarded as infinitely divisible, an infinite number ...
... number Ns of ‘energy elements’ over a system of Cs states (or ‘resonators’)? The distribution of energy over each type of resonator must now be considered, first, the distribution of the energy Es over the Cs resonators with frequency s . If Es is regarded as infinitely divisible, an infinite number ...
Max Born
Max Born (German: [bɔɐ̯n]; 11 December 1882 – 5 January 1970) was a German physicist and mathematician who was instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics. He also made contributions to solid-state physics and optics and supervised the work of a number of notable physicists in the 1920s and 30s. Born won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for his ""fundamental research in Quantum Mechanics, especially in the statistical interpretation of the wave function"".Born was born in 1882 in Breslau, then in Germany, now in Poland and known as Wrocław. He entered the University of Göttingen in 1904, where he found the three renowned mathematicians, Felix Klein, David Hilbert and Hermann Minkowski. He wrote his Ph.D. thesis on the subject of ""Stability of Elastica in a Plane and Space"", winning the University's Philosophy Faculty Prize. In 1905, he began researching special relativity with Minkowski, and subsequently wrote his habilitation thesis on the Thomson model of the atom. A chance meeting with Fritz Haber in Berlin in 1918 led to discussion of the manner in which an ionic compound is formed when a metal reacts with a halogen, which is today known as the Born–Haber cycle.In the First World War after originally being placed as a radio operator, due to his specialist knowledge he was moved to research duties regarding sound ranging. In 1921, Born returned to Göttingen, arranging another chair for his long-time friend and colleague James Franck. Under Born, Göttingen became one of the world's foremost centres for physics. In 1925, Born and Werner Heisenberg formulated the matrix mechanics representation of quantum mechanics. The following year, he formulated the now-standard interpretation of the probability density function for ψ*ψ in the Schrödinger equation, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1954. His influence extended far beyond his own research. Max Delbrück, Siegfried Flügge, Friedrich Hund, Pascual Jordan, Maria Goeppert-Mayer, Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim, Robert Oppenheimer, and Victor Weisskopf all received their Ph.D. degrees under Born at Göttingen, and his assistants included Enrico Fermi, Werner Heisenberg, Gerhard Herzberg, Friedrich Hund, Pascual Jordan, Wolfgang Pauli, Léon Rosenfeld, Edward Teller, and Eugene Wigner.In January 1933, the Nazi Party came to power in Germany, and Born, who was Jewish, was suspended. He emigrated to Britain, where he took a job at St John's College, Cambridge, and wrote a popular science book, The Restless Universe, as well as Atomic Physics, which soon became a standard text book. In October 1936, he became the Tait Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh, where, working with German-born assistants E. Walter Kellermann and Klaus Fuchs, he continued his research into physics. Max Born became a naturalised British subject on 31 August 1939, one day before World War II broke out in Europe. He remained at Edinburgh until 1952. He retired to Bad Pyrmont, in West Germany. He died in hospital in Göttingen on 5 January 1970.