The Learnability of Quantum States
... classical randomized algorithm that took as input a description of a noninteracting-boson experiment, and that output a sample from the correct final distribution over n-boson states. Then P#P=BPPNP and the polynomial hierarchy collapses. Motivation: Compared to (say) Shor’s algorithm, we get “stron ...
... classical randomized algorithm that took as input a description of a noninteracting-boson experiment, and that output a sample from the correct final distribution over n-boson states. Then P#P=BPPNP and the polynomial hierarchy collapses. Motivation: Compared to (say) Shor’s algorithm, we get “stron ...
Document
... (a) Calculate the three lowest energy levels for an electron trapped in an infinitely deep square well potential of width = 0.1 nm (about the diameter of a hydrogen atom in its ground state). (b) If a photon were emitted when the electron jumps from the n = 2 state to the n = 1 state, what would ...
... (a) Calculate the three lowest energy levels for an electron trapped in an infinitely deep square well potential of width = 0.1 nm (about the diameter of a hydrogen atom in its ground state). (b) If a photon were emitted when the electron jumps from the n = 2 state to the n = 1 state, what would ...
Simple Harmonic Oscillator
... and vice-versa Alice & Bob exchange list of choice of Q vs U states (via public channel). Keep only cases where they randomly made the same choice (in which case the Bob should get the digit Alice sent, barring interference). Check subsample of digits for interference (Eve or bad transmission). ...
... and vice-versa Alice & Bob exchange list of choice of Q vs U states (via public channel). Keep only cases where they randomly made the same choice (in which case the Bob should get the digit Alice sent, barring interference). Check subsample of digits for interference (Eve or bad transmission). ...
An Invitation to Quantum Complexity Theory
... Contrary to almost every popular article ever written on the subject, most of us think the answer is no For “generic” combinatorial optimization problems, the situation seems similar to that of black-box model—where you only get the quadratic speedup of Grover’s algorithm, not an exponential speedup ...
... Contrary to almost every popular article ever written on the subject, most of us think the answer is no For “generic” combinatorial optimization problems, the situation seems similar to that of black-box model—where you only get the quadratic speedup of Grover’s algorithm, not an exponential speedup ...
Slide 1
... particular instant plotted the position of the one electron. Soon afterwards, you do the same thing, and find that it is in a new position. You have no idea how it got from the first place to the second. You keep on doing this over and over again, and gradually build up a sort of 3D map of the place ...
... particular instant plotted the position of the one electron. Soon afterwards, you do the same thing, and find that it is in a new position. You have no idea how it got from the first place to the second. You keep on doing this over and over again, and gradually build up a sort of 3D map of the place ...
Probing quantum mechanics towards the everyday world: where do we stand?
... those of QM.Let us attempt a preliminary formulation of such a hypothesis, which I will call “macroscopic realism” or macrorealism (MR) for short, by making the following assertion:Whenever a macroscopic body has available to it two (or more) macroscopically distinct states, then at “almost all” tim ...
... those of QM.Let us attempt a preliminary formulation of such a hypothesis, which I will call “macroscopic realism” or macrorealism (MR) for short, by making the following assertion:Whenever a macroscopic body has available to it two (or more) macroscopically distinct states, then at “almost all” tim ...
Quantum computers
... basics of quantum mechanics is to consider the well-known problem of light's duality. Light was initially believed to be a build up of particles. Newton, for example, was one of the most important scientists who tried to explain ...
... basics of quantum mechanics is to consider the well-known problem of light's duality. Light was initially believed to be a build up of particles. Newton, for example, was one of the most important scientists who tried to explain ...
I. Waves & Particles
... potential energy than it had in its ground state When an excited atom returns to its ground state, it gives off the energy it gained as EM radiation ...
... potential energy than it had in its ground state When an excited atom returns to its ground state, it gives off the energy it gained as EM radiation ...
The Consistent Histories Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics
... framework. This notion, accordingly, requires critical analysis. There are two aspects to consider: the relation between a framework and quantum reasoning, and whether the framework rule is an ad hoc imposition. The first point is developed in different ways by Omnès and Griffiths. Omnès develops ...
... framework. This notion, accordingly, requires critical analysis. There are two aspects to consider: the relation between a framework and quantum reasoning, and whether the framework rule is an ad hoc imposition. The first point is developed in different ways by Omnès and Griffiths. Omnès develops ...
Your Paper`s Title Starts Here:
... Results of experimental research of admittance (total conductivity) for metal-insulatorsemiconductor (MIS) structures based on CdxHg1-xTe grown by MBE with single quantum wells are presented in [[3]]. In this scientific work describes results of admittance research for MIS-structures based on MBE MC ...
... Results of experimental research of admittance (total conductivity) for metal-insulatorsemiconductor (MIS) structures based on CdxHg1-xTe grown by MBE with single quantum wells are presented in [[3]]. In this scientific work describes results of admittance research for MIS-structures based on MBE MC ...
Document
... • Knowing that light has a particle nature, it seems reasonable to ask if matter has a wave nature. • Using Einstein’s and Planck’s equations, de Broglie h showed: l mv • The momentum, mv, is a particle property, whereas l is a wave property. • de Broglie summarized the concepts of waves and partic ...
... • Knowing that light has a particle nature, it seems reasonable to ask if matter has a wave nature. • Using Einstein’s and Planck’s equations, de Broglie h showed: l mv • The momentum, mv, is a particle property, whereas l is a wave property. • de Broglie summarized the concepts of waves and partic ...
Template of abstract for ICMNE-2005
... advantage of SOI wafers and to provide an advancement of silicon technology to the extreme channel length of about 5-10nm. The quantum simulation of such small devices becomes challenging [1, 2]. The allquantum simulation program we present in this communication is based on Landauer-Buttiker approac ...
... advantage of SOI wafers and to provide an advancement of silicon technology to the extreme channel length of about 5-10nm. The quantum simulation of such small devices becomes challenging [1, 2]. The allquantum simulation program we present in this communication is based on Landauer-Buttiker approac ...
Orbitals and Quantum Numbers
... An orbital is an allowed energy state of an electron in the quantum-mechanical model of the atom the term orbital is also used to describe the spatial distribution of the electron. ...
... An orbital is an allowed energy state of an electron in the quantum-mechanical model of the atom the term orbital is also used to describe the spatial distribution of the electron. ...
atomic physics
... 2. The electrons can only orbit stably, without radiating, in certain orbits (called the "stationary orbits”) at a certain discrete set of distances from the nucleus. These orbits are associated with definite energies and are also called energy shells or energy levels. In these orbits, the electron' ...
... 2. The electrons can only orbit stably, without radiating, in certain orbits (called the "stationary orbits”) at a certain discrete set of distances from the nucleus. These orbits are associated with definite energies and are also called energy shells or energy levels. In these orbits, the electron' ...
Max Born
Max Born (German: [bɔɐ̯n]; 11 December 1882 – 5 January 1970) was a German physicist and mathematician who was instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics. He also made contributions to solid-state physics and optics and supervised the work of a number of notable physicists in the 1920s and 30s. Born won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for his ""fundamental research in Quantum Mechanics, especially in the statistical interpretation of the wave function"".Born was born in 1882 in Breslau, then in Germany, now in Poland and known as Wrocław. He entered the University of Göttingen in 1904, where he found the three renowned mathematicians, Felix Klein, David Hilbert and Hermann Minkowski. He wrote his Ph.D. thesis on the subject of ""Stability of Elastica in a Plane and Space"", winning the University's Philosophy Faculty Prize. In 1905, he began researching special relativity with Minkowski, and subsequently wrote his habilitation thesis on the Thomson model of the atom. A chance meeting with Fritz Haber in Berlin in 1918 led to discussion of the manner in which an ionic compound is formed when a metal reacts with a halogen, which is today known as the Born–Haber cycle.In the First World War after originally being placed as a radio operator, due to his specialist knowledge he was moved to research duties regarding sound ranging. In 1921, Born returned to Göttingen, arranging another chair for his long-time friend and colleague James Franck. Under Born, Göttingen became one of the world's foremost centres for physics. In 1925, Born and Werner Heisenberg formulated the matrix mechanics representation of quantum mechanics. The following year, he formulated the now-standard interpretation of the probability density function for ψ*ψ in the Schrödinger equation, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1954. His influence extended far beyond his own research. Max Delbrück, Siegfried Flügge, Friedrich Hund, Pascual Jordan, Maria Goeppert-Mayer, Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim, Robert Oppenheimer, and Victor Weisskopf all received their Ph.D. degrees under Born at Göttingen, and his assistants included Enrico Fermi, Werner Heisenberg, Gerhard Herzberg, Friedrich Hund, Pascual Jordan, Wolfgang Pauli, Léon Rosenfeld, Edward Teller, and Eugene Wigner.In January 1933, the Nazi Party came to power in Germany, and Born, who was Jewish, was suspended. He emigrated to Britain, where he took a job at St John's College, Cambridge, and wrote a popular science book, The Restless Universe, as well as Atomic Physics, which soon became a standard text book. In October 1936, he became the Tait Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh, where, working with German-born assistants E. Walter Kellermann and Klaus Fuchs, he continued his research into physics. Max Born became a naturalised British subject on 31 August 1939, one day before World War II broke out in Europe. He remained at Edinburgh until 1952. He retired to Bad Pyrmont, in West Germany. He died in hospital in Göttingen on 5 January 1970.