
diatomic molecular spectroscopy with standard and anomalous
... fully accounts for the rotational states of the diatomic molecule. We find that the commutators which define angular momentum are not changed in a transformation from a laboratory coordinate system to one which rotates with the molecule, and the seemingly anomalous behavior of the rotated angular mo ...
... fully accounts for the rotational states of the diatomic molecule. We find that the commutators which define angular momentum are not changed in a transformation from a laboratory coordinate system to one which rotates with the molecule, and the seemingly anomalous behavior of the rotated angular mo ...
Lecture I: Collective Excitations: From Particles to Fields Free Scalar
... Ex: check for fermions So far we have developed an operator-based formulation of many-body states. However, for this representation to be useful, we have to understand how the action of first quantised operators on many-particle states can be formulated within the framework of the second quantisatio ...
... Ex: check for fermions So far we have developed an operator-based formulation of many-body states. However, for this representation to be useful, we have to understand how the action of first quantised operators on many-particle states can be formulated within the framework of the second quantisatio ...
Decoherence and open quantum systems
... schemes or quantum computation. To keep this entanglement in the system as long as possible we have to protect it against different environmental influences. For this reason, the study of diverse decoherence models of open quantum systems is essential to develop a better understanding of the occurin ...
... schemes or quantum computation. To keep this entanglement in the system as long as possible we have to protect it against different environmental influences. For this reason, the study of diverse decoherence models of open quantum systems is essential to develop a better understanding of the occurin ...
Birkeland, Darboux and Poincaré: Motion of an Electric Charge in
... to suppose that r0 is essentially along the z-axis. Then, the z-axis is (approximately) a generatrix of the cone, and as the electron moves on this cone it can/will cross (or at least come extremely close to) the z-axis at various places. Extending the argument to a ring source of electrons with rad ...
... to suppose that r0 is essentially along the z-axis. Then, the z-axis is (approximately) a generatrix of the cone, and as the electron moves on this cone it can/will cross (or at least come extremely close to) the z-axis at various places. Extending the argument to a ring source of electrons with rad ...
2016-2017 The University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire
... Prerequisite: MATH 215 and grade of C or above in PHYS 232. General introduction to electrical circuits and electronics including analysis of DC and AC circuits, simple passive filters, diodes, transistors, operational amplifiers, simple digital electronics, and circuit design and construction. Lect ...
... Prerequisite: MATH 215 and grade of C or above in PHYS 232. General introduction to electrical circuits and electronics including analysis of DC and AC circuits, simple passive filters, diodes, transistors, operational amplifiers, simple digital electronics, and circuit design and construction. Lect ...
Continuous Variable Quantum Information: Gaussian States and
... These distributions are referred to as ‘quasi’-probability because they sum up to unity, yet do not behave entirely as one would expect from probability distributions. In particular, there are (infinitely many) quantum states ρ for which the function Wρs is not a regular probability distribution for ...
... These distributions are referred to as ‘quasi’-probability because they sum up to unity, yet do not behave entirely as one would expect from probability distributions. In particular, there are (infinitely many) quantum states ρ for which the function Wρs is not a regular probability distribution for ...
Boundary conditions for integrable quantum systems
... are soluble by means of the Bethe ansatz (Gaudin 1983) or the quantum inverse scattering method (QISM) (see Faddeev 1984, Kulish and Sklyanin 1982). The best studied cases are those of the infinite interval and of the finite one with periodic boundary conditions. As regards the systems on the finite ...
... are soluble by means of the Bethe ansatz (Gaudin 1983) or the quantum inverse scattering method (QISM) (see Faddeev 1984, Kulish and Sklyanin 1982). The best studied cases are those of the infinite interval and of the finite one with periodic boundary conditions. As regards the systems on the finite ...
Quantum Annealing with Markov Chain Monte Carlo Simulations
... the state |ψ, the measurement outcome is a random variable that takes values in {λ1 , λ2 , . . . , λr }, with probability distribution P ( = λa ) = tr(Qa |ψψ|) = ψ|Qa |ψ, a = 1, 2, . . . , r. Statistically, we may perform measurements on M for the quantum system multiple times to obtain meas ...
... the state |ψ, the measurement outcome is a random variable that takes values in {λ1 , λ2 , . . . , λr }, with probability distribution P ( = λa ) = tr(Qa |ψψ|) = ψ|Qa |ψ, a = 1, 2, . . . , r. Statistically, we may perform measurements on M for the quantum system multiple times to obtain meas ...
Aggregation Operations from Quantum Computing
... studies the uncertainty of the real world considering the principles of Quantum Mechanics (QM ). Many similarities between these two areas of research have been highlighted in several scientific papers [1], [2], [3], [4] and [5]. In this context, the logical structure describing the uncertainty asso ...
... studies the uncertainty of the real world considering the principles of Quantum Mechanics (QM ). Many similarities between these two areas of research have been highlighted in several scientific papers [1], [2], [3], [4] and [5]. In this context, the logical structure describing the uncertainty asso ...
Introduction to Quantum Information Science
... easy task. Of course we are also limited by the physical realization of a quantum computers to test these algorithms and perhaps create new ones. To date Shor's algorithm has been experimentally realized up to factoring 21, far from practical use. ...
... easy task. Of course we are also limited by the physical realization of a quantum computers to test these algorithms and perhaps create new ones. To date Shor's algorithm has been experimentally realized up to factoring 21, far from practical use. ...
1. von Neumann Versus Shannon Entropy
... Tr log 2 does have a degree of arbitrariness and some authors have proposed alternative definitions. However, I have seen claims (but not a proof) that the subadditivity inequality (discussed below) is sufficient to imply the von Neumann formula. The sub-additivity inequality holds that, for a bipar ...
... Tr log 2 does have a degree of arbitrariness and some authors have proposed alternative definitions. However, I have seen claims (but not a proof) that the subadditivity inequality (discussed below) is sufficient to imply the von Neumann formula. The sub-additivity inequality holds that, for a bipar ...
Chapter 3. Foundations of Quantum Theory II
... states become correlated with the system projectors {E a }, and also that the measurement of the pointer projects onto the fiducial basis. In principle we could separate these two roles. Perhaps the unitary transformation applied to system and pointer picks out a different preferred basis than the b ...
... states become correlated with the system projectors {E a }, and also that the measurement of the pointer projects onto the fiducial basis. In principle we could separate these two roles. Perhaps the unitary transformation applied to system and pointer picks out a different preferred basis than the b ...
Quantum error-correcting codes from algebraic curves
... We next discuss how quantum codes guard against errors. Unlike the classical case, it is not immediately obvious that this is even possible. More pointedly, classical codes protect information by adding redundancy with ...
... We next discuss how quantum codes guard against errors. Unlike the classical case, it is not immediately obvious that this is even possible. More pointedly, classical codes protect information by adding redundancy with ...
INCT_IQ_ENG_1 - Instituto de Física / UFRJ
... the exchange of information and ideas. This explains, for example, the increase in research concerning the role of decoherence, which gave rise to publications by researchers at UFRJ, UNICAMP, UFSCAR, USP and UFMG; research concerning the characterization and detection of entanglement, and subsequen ...
... the exchange of information and ideas. This explains, for example, the increase in research concerning the role of decoherence, which gave rise to publications by researchers at UFRJ, UNICAMP, UFSCAR, USP and UFMG; research concerning the characterization and detection of entanglement, and subsequen ...
Max Born

Max Born (German: [bɔɐ̯n]; 11 December 1882 – 5 January 1970) was a German physicist and mathematician who was instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics. He also made contributions to solid-state physics and optics and supervised the work of a number of notable physicists in the 1920s and 30s. Born won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for his ""fundamental research in Quantum Mechanics, especially in the statistical interpretation of the wave function"".Born was born in 1882 in Breslau, then in Germany, now in Poland and known as Wrocław. He entered the University of Göttingen in 1904, where he found the three renowned mathematicians, Felix Klein, David Hilbert and Hermann Minkowski. He wrote his Ph.D. thesis on the subject of ""Stability of Elastica in a Plane and Space"", winning the University's Philosophy Faculty Prize. In 1905, he began researching special relativity with Minkowski, and subsequently wrote his habilitation thesis on the Thomson model of the atom. A chance meeting with Fritz Haber in Berlin in 1918 led to discussion of the manner in which an ionic compound is formed when a metal reacts with a halogen, which is today known as the Born–Haber cycle.In the First World War after originally being placed as a radio operator, due to his specialist knowledge he was moved to research duties regarding sound ranging. In 1921, Born returned to Göttingen, arranging another chair for his long-time friend and colleague James Franck. Under Born, Göttingen became one of the world's foremost centres for physics. In 1925, Born and Werner Heisenberg formulated the matrix mechanics representation of quantum mechanics. The following year, he formulated the now-standard interpretation of the probability density function for ψ*ψ in the Schrödinger equation, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1954. His influence extended far beyond his own research. Max Delbrück, Siegfried Flügge, Friedrich Hund, Pascual Jordan, Maria Goeppert-Mayer, Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim, Robert Oppenheimer, and Victor Weisskopf all received their Ph.D. degrees under Born at Göttingen, and his assistants included Enrico Fermi, Werner Heisenberg, Gerhard Herzberg, Friedrich Hund, Pascual Jordan, Wolfgang Pauli, Léon Rosenfeld, Edward Teller, and Eugene Wigner.In January 1933, the Nazi Party came to power in Germany, and Born, who was Jewish, was suspended. He emigrated to Britain, where he took a job at St John's College, Cambridge, and wrote a popular science book, The Restless Universe, as well as Atomic Physics, which soon became a standard text book. In October 1936, he became the Tait Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh, where, working with German-born assistants E. Walter Kellermann and Klaus Fuchs, he continued his research into physics. Max Born became a naturalised British subject on 31 August 1939, one day before World War II broke out in Europe. He remained at Edinburgh until 1952. He retired to Bad Pyrmont, in West Germany. He died in hospital in Göttingen on 5 January 1970.