Care of the Pediatric Patient with Respiratory Problems
... middle ear 84% infants have at least 1 case before age 3 years More common in: ...
... middle ear 84% infants have at least 1 case before age 3 years More common in: ...
PowerPoint_Chapter11
... • Routes (anti-infectives): most are ophthalmic; antivirals class are IV, oral, intravitreal, and ophthalmic • Routes (ophthalmic corticosteroids): all are ophthalmic except triamcinolone (Triesence, Trivaris) is intravitreal • Side Effects: few and mild • Cautions: many people have allergies to ant ...
... • Routes (anti-infectives): most are ophthalmic; antivirals class are IV, oral, intravitreal, and ophthalmic • Routes (ophthalmic corticosteroids): all are ophthalmic except triamcinolone (Triesence, Trivaris) is intravitreal • Side Effects: few and mild • Cautions: many people have allergies to ant ...
Chapter 12 Ears, Nose, and Throat Much can be learned about the
... The tongue is anchored to the back of the oral cavity at its base and to the floor of the mouth by the frenulum. The gingivae, fibrous tissue covered by mucous membrane, are attached directly to the teeth and the maxilla and mandible. Mouth and Oropharynx (Cont.) Structure (Cont.) The roots of the t ...
... The tongue is anchored to the back of the oral cavity at its base and to the floor of the mouth by the frenulum. The gingivae, fibrous tissue covered by mucous membrane, are attached directly to the teeth and the maxilla and mandible. Mouth and Oropharynx (Cont.) Structure (Cont.) The roots of the t ...
combined mksap - WordPress.com
... • A Acute otitis externa • B Delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to ear plugs • C Malignant otitis externa • D Otitis media ...
... • A Acute otitis externa • B Delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to ear plugs • C Malignant otitis externa • D Otitis media ...
Pharyngitis - NSUCOMEMS Home
... pharynx. Inoculate swab on sheep blood agar plate. Other bacteria require different media to grow and needs to be specifically requested. Bacterial agents considered normal flora will not be identified by the lab because they are not considered pathogens. False positive and false negative cultures d ...
... pharynx. Inoculate swab on sheep blood agar plate. Other bacteria require different media to grow and needs to be specifically requested. Bacterial agents considered normal flora will not be identified by the lab because they are not considered pathogens. False positive and false negative cultures d ...
Craniofacial Pain
... Pain in mid and upper face around eye. Attacks occur in clusters with extended periods of remission. Associated with sleep apnea; 80% are smokers; alcohol, cocaine or nitroglycerine may initiate attack. Prevalence is 1 in 10,0000; 6:1 male; most age 20-30; B > W; ...
... Pain in mid and upper face around eye. Attacks occur in clusters with extended periods of remission. Associated with sleep apnea; 80% are smokers; alcohol, cocaine or nitroglycerine may initiate attack. Prevalence is 1 in 10,0000; 6:1 male; most age 20-30; B > W; ...
Otitis media
Otitis media is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear. The two main types are acute otitis media (AOM) and otitis media with effusion (OME). AOM is an infection of abrupt onset that usually presents with ear pain. In young children this may result in pulling at the ear, increased crying, and poor sleep. Decreased eating and a fever may also be present. OME is typically not associated with symptoms. Occasionally a feeling of fullness is described. It is defined as the presence of non-infectious fluid in the middle ear for more than three months. Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is middle ear inflammation of greater than two weeks that results in episodes of discharge from the ear. It may be a complication of acute otitis media. Pain is rarely present. All three may be associated with hearing loss. The hearing loss in OME, due to its chronic nature, may affect a child's ability to learn.The cause of AOM is related to childhood anatomy and immune function. Either bacteria or viruses may be involved. Risk factors include: exposure to smoke, use of pacifiers, and attending daycare. It occurs more commonly in those who are Native American or who have Down syndrome. OME frequently occurs following AOM but may also be related to viral upper respiratory infections, irritants such as smoke, or allergies. Looking at the eardrum is important for making the correct diagnosis. Signs of AOM include bulging or a lack of movement of the tympanic membrane from a puff of air. New discharge not related to otitis externa also indicates the diagnosis.A number of measures decrease the risk of otitis media including: pneumococcal and influenza vaccination, exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life, and avoiding tobacco smoke. In those with otitis media with effusion antibiotics do not generally speed recovery. The use of pain medications for AOM is important. This may include: paracetamol (acetaminophen), ibuprofen, benzocaine ear drops, or opioids. In AOM, antibiotics may speed recovery but may result in side effects. Antibiotics are often recommended in those with severe disease or under two years old. In those with less severe disease they may only be recommended in those who do not improve after two or three days. The initial antibiotic of choice is typically amoxicillin. In those with frequent infections tympanostomy tubes may decrease recurrence.Worldwide AOM affect about 11% of people a year (about 710 million cases). Half the cases involve children less than five years of age and it is more common among males. Of those affected about 4.8% or 31 million develop chronic suppurative otitis media. Before the age of ten OME affects about 80% of children at some point in time. Otitis media resulted in 2,400 deaths in 2013 – down from 4,900 deaths in 1990.