slides
... 3. For AI systems, what "exists" is that which can be represented. When the knowledge about a domain is represented in a declarative language, the set of objects that can be represented is called the universe of discourse. We can describe the ontology of a program by defining a set of representation ...
... 3. For AI systems, what "exists" is that which can be represented. When the knowledge about a domain is represented in a declarative language, the set of objects that can be represented is called the universe of discourse. We can describe the ontology of a program by defining a set of representation ...
Loss of heterozygosity at D8S262: an early genetic event of
... [16]. The delineation of such genetic alterations that occur in precancerous lesions and/or early HCC may be important for monitoring and preventing the occurrence of HCC. Thus, we investigated molecular karyotypes of 10 matched HCC using oligonucleotide genotyping Affymetrix single-nucleotide polym ...
... [16]. The delineation of such genetic alterations that occur in precancerous lesions and/or early HCC may be important for monitoring and preventing the occurrence of HCC. Thus, we investigated molecular karyotypes of 10 matched HCC using oligonucleotide genotyping Affymetrix single-nucleotide polym ...
Depolarization of the actin cytoskeleton is a specific phenotype in
... number of different genes cause similar phenotypes, even though the genes encode actin-binding proteins with very different biochemical functions. These phenotypes only differ in terms of severity; they do not include specific features as might be expected based on the diversity of the biochemical f ...
... number of different genes cause similar phenotypes, even though the genes encode actin-binding proteins with very different biochemical functions. These phenotypes only differ in terms of severity; they do not include specific features as might be expected based on the diversity of the biochemical f ...
William Bateson: a biologist ahead of his time
... species and by his reluctance to accept, in its fullblooded form, the view of chromosomes as the controllers of individual development. Growing evidence suggests that both of these positions have been vindicated. New species are now thought to arise as the result of genetic interactions, chromosomal ...
... species and by his reluctance to accept, in its fullblooded form, the view of chromosomes as the controllers of individual development. Growing evidence suggests that both of these positions have been vindicated. New species are now thought to arise as the result of genetic interactions, chromosomal ...
Premature stop codons involved in muscular dystrophies
... has a major role in readthrough.14,15 In this study, we analyzed the gentamicin susceptibility of individual primary stop mutations concerning Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) patients, using a very sensitive dual reporter gene system.16 This experimental mod ...
... has a major role in readthrough.14,15 In this study, we analyzed the gentamicin susceptibility of individual primary stop mutations concerning Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) patients, using a very sensitive dual reporter gene system.16 This experimental mod ...
Boundless Study Slides
... • Linked genes can be separated by recombination in which homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information during meiosis; this results in parental, or nonrecombinant genotypes, as well as a smaller proportion of recombinant genotypes. • Geneticists can use the amount of recombination between gen ...
... • Linked genes can be separated by recombination in which homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information during meiosis; this results in parental, or nonrecombinant genotypes, as well as a smaller proportion of recombinant genotypes. • Geneticists can use the amount of recombination between gen ...
Julio`s MCB - Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard
... the expression of Mfrn1. Mutagenesis of individual GATA-1 binding cis elements (GBE) demonstrated that at least two of the three GBE within this CRM are functionally required for GATA-mediated transcription of Mfrn1. Furthermore, ChIP assays demonstrate switching from GATA-2 to GATA-1 at these eleme ...
... the expression of Mfrn1. Mutagenesis of individual GATA-1 binding cis elements (GBE) demonstrated that at least two of the three GBE within this CRM are functionally required for GATA-mediated transcription of Mfrn1. Furthermore, ChIP assays demonstrate switching from GATA-2 to GATA-1 at these eleme ...
Genetic Analysis of Variation in Human Meiotic Recombination
... and males, respectively. The remaining four loci were not known to contribute to individual variation in genome-wide recombination rates. These results provide new information to study the regulation of meiotic recombination. ...
... and males, respectively. The remaining four loci were not known to contribute to individual variation in genome-wide recombination rates. These results provide new information to study the regulation of meiotic recombination. ...
Distalless and dachshund pattern both plesiomorphic
... The leg gap genes serve to regionalize the arthropod leg, conferring proximal (hth and exd), medial (dac), and distal (Dll) identities (Sunkel and Whittle 1987; Cohen and Jürgens 1989; Mardon et al. 1994; González‐Crespo and Morata 1996; Lecuit and Cohen 1997; Rieckhof et al. 1997; Abu‐Shaar and Man ...
... The leg gap genes serve to regionalize the arthropod leg, conferring proximal (hth and exd), medial (dac), and distal (Dll) identities (Sunkel and Whittle 1987; Cohen and Jürgens 1989; Mardon et al. 1994; González‐Crespo and Morata 1996; Lecuit and Cohen 1997; Rieckhof et al. 1997; Abu‐Shaar and Man ...
document
... The real time PCR results were then validated using end-point TaqMan PCR which would allow the assay to be run on any regular PCR machine fit for 96 or 384 wells which read FAM and VIC. Samples from bm3 segregating populations were run through the end-point TaqMan PCR assay and genotype results matc ...
... The real time PCR results were then validated using end-point TaqMan PCR which would allow the assay to be run on any regular PCR machine fit for 96 or 384 wells which read FAM and VIC. Samples from bm3 segregating populations were run through the end-point TaqMan PCR assay and genotype results matc ...
Gene Detection Systems Catalog
... 2. Changes -Orders arising hereunder may be changed or amended only by written agreement signed by both Buyer and Seller, setting forth the particular changes to be made and the effect, if any, of such changes on the price and time of delivery. Buyer may not cancel this order unless such cancellatio ...
... 2. Changes -Orders arising hereunder may be changed or amended only by written agreement signed by both Buyer and Seller, setting forth the particular changes to be made and the effect, if any, of such changes on the price and time of delivery. Buyer may not cancel this order unless such cancellatio ...
PDF
... In insects, the precise timing of molting and metamorphosis is strictly guided by a principal steroid hormone, ecdysone. Among the multiple conversion steps for synthesizing ecdysone from dietary cholesterol, the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to 5ketodiol, the so-called ‘Black Box’, is thought ...
... In insects, the precise timing of molting and metamorphosis is strictly guided by a principal steroid hormone, ecdysone. Among the multiple conversion steps for synthesizing ecdysone from dietary cholesterol, the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to 5ketodiol, the so-called ‘Black Box’, is thought ...
LINKAGE AND MAPPING IN EUKARYOTES
... fter Sutton suggested the chromosomal theory of inheritance in 1903, evidence accumulated that genes were located on chromosomes. For example, Morgan showed by an analysis of inheritance patterns that the white-eye locus in Drosophila is located on the X chromosome. Given that any organism has many ...
... fter Sutton suggested the chromosomal theory of inheritance in 1903, evidence accumulated that genes were located on chromosomes. For example, Morgan showed by an analysis of inheritance patterns that the white-eye locus in Drosophila is located on the X chromosome. Given that any organism has many ...
In Memoriam: Jacques Monod (1910–1976)
... Jacques Monod, born 100 years ago, was one of the main founders of molecular biology. A quotation of Roger Stanier seems to me of immediate relevance to the topic of this meeting on ‘‘Chance and necessity in evolution,’’ dedicated to the works of Jacques Monod: ‘‘Jacques Monod, one of the great scie ...
... Jacques Monod, born 100 years ago, was one of the main founders of molecular biology. A quotation of Roger Stanier seems to me of immediate relevance to the topic of this meeting on ‘‘Chance and necessity in evolution,’’ dedicated to the works of Jacques Monod: ‘‘Jacques Monod, one of the great scie ...
Recruitment of CRABS CLAW to promote nectary development
... perianth positions in basal taxa to central positions associated with reproductive organs in more derived taxa. In addition, extrafloral nectaries are currently known in 68 angiosperm families (Elias, 1983). Their structures and locations are also diverse across the families, although they occur mos ...
... perianth positions in basal taxa to central positions associated with reproductive organs in more derived taxa. In addition, extrafloral nectaries are currently known in 68 angiosperm families (Elias, 1983). Their structures and locations are also diverse across the families, although they occur mos ...
DYAD in meiotic chromosome organisation - Development
... Hybond N+ membrane (Amersham) and probed with the respective probes which were labelled with 32P. In situ hybridisation was carried out as described earlier (Siddiqi et al., 2000) using antisense riboprobe synthesised from the complete coding region of the DYAD cDNA. Control experiments using sense ...
... Hybond N+ membrane (Amersham) and probed with the respective probes which were labelled with 32P. In situ hybridisation was carried out as described earlier (Siddiqi et al., 2000) using antisense riboprobe synthesised from the complete coding region of the DYAD cDNA. Control experiments using sense ...
Genetics of hybrid incompatibility between Lycopersicon esculentum
... Understanding the genetic basis of interspecific barriers is central to elucidating mechanisms of biological speciation, as the tempo and mode of speciation can be strongly influenced by the number and individual effects of changes causing reproductive isolation (Barton and Charlesworth 1984, Gottl ...
... Understanding the genetic basis of interspecific barriers is central to elucidating mechanisms of biological speciation, as the tempo and mode of speciation can be strongly influenced by the number and individual effects of changes causing reproductive isolation (Barton and Charlesworth 1984, Gottl ...
The landscape of Neandertal ancestry in present
... we assume that this subset of the genome was unaffected by selection, this implies that the proportion of Neandertal ancestry shortly after introgression must have been >3% rather than the present-day ~2%. In passing, we note that the large effect of negative selection on present-day levels of Neand ...
... we assume that this subset of the genome was unaffected by selection, this implies that the proportion of Neandertal ancestry shortly after introgression must have been >3% rather than the present-day ~2%. In passing, we note that the large effect of negative selection on present-day levels of Neand ...
Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine Androgenetic alopecia
... hormone nuclear receptor superfamily. The structure of the androgen receptor includes a ligand-binding domain and a DNA-binding domain. Both testosterone and DHT can bind to the ligand domain, which activates the DNAbinding domain. The receptor–ligand complex then acts as a transcription factor, reg ...
... hormone nuclear receptor superfamily. The structure of the androgen receptor includes a ligand-binding domain and a DNA-binding domain. Both testosterone and DHT can bind to the ligand domain, which activates the DNAbinding domain. The receptor–ligand complex then acts as a transcription factor, reg ...
Genetic factors affecting dental caries risk
... concentrate in specific groups of individuals. The phenomenon is termed as polarization and its cause remains obscure, representing one of the epidemiological disease aspects in which a portion of the population is in most need of treatment.2 The Vipeholm study provided evidence of an individual’s r ...
... concentrate in specific groups of individuals. The phenomenon is termed as polarization and its cause remains obscure, representing one of the epidemiological disease aspects in which a portion of the population is in most need of treatment.2 The Vipeholm study provided evidence of an individual’s r ...
PDF
... 2005). FGF5 shares a b-trefoil superfold structure composed of 5 b-hairpin folds (that is required for receptor binding) and an N-terminal, signal peptide (that is required for paracrine secretion) with the prototypical members, FGF1 and 2 (Ornitz and Itoh 2001). During embryonic and fetal developme ...
... 2005). FGF5 shares a b-trefoil superfold structure composed of 5 b-hairpin folds (that is required for receptor binding) and an N-terminal, signal peptide (that is required for paracrine secretion) with the prototypical members, FGF1 and 2 (Ornitz and Itoh 2001). During embryonic and fetal developme ...
The Normal Uniform Differential Gene Expression
... the log ratios for all genes whose absolute (mean-normalized) average log ratio is greater than their standard deviation, the default is 0.99). If a gene’s standard deviation for log ratios across replicates is greater than its absolute (mean-normalized) average log ratio then we simply divide the ( ...
... the log ratios for all genes whose absolute (mean-normalized) average log ratio is greater than their standard deviation, the default is 0.99). If a gene’s standard deviation for log ratios across replicates is greater than its absolute (mean-normalized) average log ratio then we simply divide the ( ...
Kinds of gene rearrangement
... to the writer improbable mechanically. There would be needed an accuracy of position, in the two strands, of less than half a micron, with nothing to mark the breakage points. Without such accuracy, the crossing over would be unequal; which it is not (with one exception). Also the conditions require ...
... to the writer improbable mechanically. There would be needed an accuracy of position, in the two strands, of less than half a micron, with nothing to mark the breakage points. Without such accuracy, the crossing over would be unequal; which it is not (with one exception). Also the conditions require ...
CONSERVATION AND DIVERGENCE IN MOLECULAR
... Regulation of Dpp signaling is also mediated by the tolloid gene. tolloid embryos have a ventralized cuticle phenotype, and are missing the most dorsal structures (amnioserosa) as well as some dorsal epidermis (74, 156). tolloid is expressed dorsally, encodes a metalloprotease, and has been shown ge ...
... Regulation of Dpp signaling is also mediated by the tolloid gene. tolloid embryos have a ventralized cuticle phenotype, and are missing the most dorsal structures (amnioserosa) as well as some dorsal epidermis (74, 156). tolloid is expressed dorsally, encodes a metalloprotease, and has been shown ge ...
Microbiology
... 2003, 2005). MutS is involved in the methyl-directed recognition of DNA mismatches related to replication, which include base mismatches and small insertion and deletion mispairs (Modrich, 1991). The expression of mismatch repair systems can be negatively influenced by stress or growth-limiting cond ...
... 2003, 2005). MutS is involved in the methyl-directed recognition of DNA mismatches related to replication, which include base mismatches and small insertion and deletion mispairs (Modrich, 1991). The expression of mismatch repair systems can be negatively influenced by stress or growth-limiting cond ...
Genome evolution
Genome evolution is the process by which a genome changes in structure (sequence) or size over time. The study of genome evolution involves multiple fields such as structural analysis of the genome, the study of genomic parasites, gene and ancient genome duplications, polyploidy, and comparative genomics. Genome evolution is a constantly changing and evolving field due to the steadily growing number of sequenced genomes, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, available to the scientific community and the public at large.