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Population genetics
Population genetics

... Runaway sexual selection posits that extreme male traits (such as the male peacock's tail, or the huge antlers of the now-extinct Irish Elk) can evolve through a process in which the male trait and the female preference for that trait become genetically linked. The male trait does not necessarily ...
V p
V p

... • Predicting the Response to Selection The extent to which a characteristic subject to selection changes in one generation • Factors influencing response to selection • Narrow sense heritability • Selection differential (S= top-mean) ...
evolution, heredity, and behavior
evolution, heredity, and behavior

... survival in its lifetime May help psychologists understand how evolution and development influence culture (sum of socially ...
Genetic Diversity of Offspring
Genetic Diversity of Offspring

... they are rearranged genes rearrange each at each generation generation? • Only offspring that are • Are you a twin, or do you not diverse are twins know any twins? Do you – Identical twins – Fraternal twins ...
UNIT 3C: Biological Bases of Behavior – Genetics, Evolutionary
UNIT 3C: Biological Bases of Behavior – Genetics, Evolutionary

... Similarities are strong between identical twins raised apart b. Similarities are not as strong between fraternal twins, even those raised together ...
BIO 260H1S
BIO 260H1S

... genetic, evolutionary genetics, and genomics. We will focus on the nature of genes, mechanisms of genetic inheritance and regulation, the relationship between genotype and phenotype, the use and significance of genetic variation for the study of gene function and evolutionary processes, the use of g ...
Evolution at Multiple Loci
Evolution at Multiple Loci

... • Selection Differential (S): Difference between mean of selected individuals and the mean of entire population Selection for longer tails in a fictitious mouse population. ...
Fundamentals of Lifespan Development
Fundamentals of Lifespan Development

... Nature and nurture work together in human development They affect each other in a bidirectional fashon ...
BLOA #11 Sample Essay
BLOA #11 Sample Essay

... contribute to individual variations in human behaviour, where the premise is that the inheritance of DNA influences behaviour. It cannot be said that a single gene is responsible for a specific behaviour – but it is a building block. But genetics alone does not affect behaviour  Environmental facto ...
Presentation: Artificial and Natural Selection
Presentation: Artificial and Natural Selection

... Describe the effects of environmental factors on artificial and natural selection. ...
Polygenic Traits
Polygenic Traits

... While all tumors involve the accumulation of mutations, it is not clear for several tumor types if there is a heritable genetic component to tumor development. One such tumor is found in the adrenal gland. You study adrenal gland tumors in twins (both identical and fraternal) raised in the same env ...
Response_To_Selection_RBP
Response_To_Selection_RBP

... Response to selection when when bOP < 1 ...
Reinig_Commentary
Reinig_Commentary

... such as exploratory and emotional behavior. After testing, an allele was identified that affects both exploratory and emotional behavior and coat color. Another type of test used in genetic testing is done by developing a strain that expresses a genetic behavior and seeing if that behavior can be pa ...
Figures from Chapter 3
Figures from Chapter 3

... hallucinations and obsessive compulsive disorders. ...
ISI Admission Test, 2008: JRF in Biological Anthropology RBA I
ISI Admission Test, 2008: JRF in Biological Anthropology RBA I

... 2. How the sex linked mode of inherence is different from autosomal mode of inheritance? Differentiate between sex linked, sex limited, and sex influenced traits. 3. If you are asked to investigate the effect of education and income on fertility in your State, how would you design your project? Give ...
Chapter-4-Lecture
Chapter-4-Lecture

... studies, finds that this may be true for only a genetic minority. In fact, those with high-active monoamine oxidase A (MOA) genes are virtually immune to the effects of maltreatment; that is, they do not become more antisocial. Those with low-active genes are much more antisocial if maltreated, yet ...
Myers AP - chapter 3
Myers AP - chapter 3

... Evolutionary psychologists argue that we need to test behaviors that expound evolutionary principles. ...
Heredity and Behavior
Heredity and Behavior

... Overlap of chromosomes explains similarities to parents ◦ Class examples ...
Evolution and Natural Selection
Evolution and Natural Selection

... caused by the environment is not heritable, so it is not subject to natural selection. However, the ability of organisms to develop differently in different environments can be genetic. This means organisms can evolve to be flexible. Plants are a good example of this. The number of leaves, growth pa ...
Theories of Human Development
Theories of Human Development

... Detecting Hereditary Disorders Amniocentesis  Chorionic villus sampling  Ultrasound ...
9/06 Pedigrees and Human Genetics
9/06 Pedigrees and Human Genetics

... Those Concerned about Genetic Diseases and Traits, 146 • 6.7 Genetic Testing Provides Information about the Potential for Inheriting or Developing a Genetic Condition, 147 • 6.8 Comparison of Human and Chimpanzee Genomes Is Helping to Reveal Genes That Make Humans Unique, 151 ...
Steve Downes
Steve Downes

... (1) VP = VG + VE (the phenotypic variance is the variance due to genes plus the variance due to the organisms' environment). (2) hb2 = VG/VP (broad sense heritability, hb2 is “the proportion of phenotypic differences due to all sources of genetic variance” Plomin 1990, 234). (3) h2 = VA/VP (narrow s ...
Heredity and Behavior
Heredity and Behavior

... Natural Selection posits that heritable characteristics that provide a survival or reproductive advantage are more likely than alternative characteristics to be passed on to subsequent generations and thus come to be ‘selected’ over time. ◦ Populations NOT individuals and a gradual ...
Quantitative and Population Genetics
Quantitative and Population Genetics

... 2. The heritability for trait x is 0. Therefore, genetics must not be important for this trait. Heritability says nothing about whether genes influence a trait; only the extent to which genetic variation contributes to phenotypic variation 3. The heritability for a disease is 1. Therefore, attempts ...
TREE AUTECOLOGY: THE SPECIES AS AN ECOLOGICAL UNIT
TREE AUTECOLOGY: THE SPECIES AS AN ECOLOGICAL UNIT

... genetically differentiated so that its survival in a particular habitat is enhanced. Key aspects of the ecotype concept: a. differences are genetically based; b. differences may be morphological, physiological or phenological; ...
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Heritability of IQ

Research on heritability of IQ infers from the similarity of IQ in closely related persons the proportion of variance of IQ among individuals in a study population that is associated with genetic variation within that population. This provides a maximum estimate of genetic versus environmental influence for phenotypic variation in IQ in that population. ""Heritability"", in this sense, ""refers to the genetic contribution to variance within a population and in a specific environment"". There has been significant controversy in the academic community about the heritability of IQ since research on the issue began in the late nineteenth century. Intelligence in the normal range is a polygenic trait. However, certain single gene genetic disorders can severely affect intelligence, with phenylketonuria as an example.Estimates in the academic research of the heritability of IQ have varied from below 0.5 to a high of 0.8 (where 1.0 indicates that monozygotic twins have no variance in IQ and 0 indicates that their IQs are completely uncorrelated). Some studies have found that heritability is lower in families of low socioeconomic status. IQ heritability increases during early childhood, but it is unclear whether it stabilizes thereafter. A 1996 statement by the American Psychological Association gave about 0.45 for children and about .75 during and after adolescence. A 2004 meta-analysis of reports in Current Directions in Psychological Science gave an overall estimate of around 0.85 for 18-year-olds and older. The general figure for heritability of IQ is about 0.5 across multiple studies in varying populations. Recent studies suggest that family environment (i.e., upbringing) has negligible long-lasting effects upon adult IQ.
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