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In Memoriam: Jacques Monod (1910–1976)
In Memoriam: Jacques Monod (1910–1976)

... keep up and the density of the culture fell. In fact, to maintain it I could not feed more than 690 ml/hour. As I was wrestling with this paradox, obviously upset, Jacques sat down with me and asked if I had any idea why I could not feed more than 690 ml/hour when I expected 1,000 ml/hour. ‘It may s ...
Metatranscriptome_Pipeline_Tutorial.doc
Metatranscriptome_Pipeline_Tutorial.doc

... rRNA genes tend to be highly expressed in all samples and must therefore be screened out to avoid lengthy downstream processing times for the assembly and annotation steps. We recommend the use of two tools to achieve this screening. The first uses the Burrows Wheeler alignment tool (BWA) to align s ...
Quantitative analysis of SMN1 and SMN2 genes based on DHPLC
Quantitative analysis of SMN1 and SMN2 genes based on DHPLC

... system simply by injection of the crude PCR products after specific primer amplification. However, according to the clinical evidence, a small portion of SMA carriers had an SMN1/SMN2 ratio of 1, with one copy of SMN1 and one copy of SMN2. By our current system with DHPLC analysis, it failed to be d ...
Peer Review Report
Peer Review Report

... suggesting that they do not act downstream of ESR1". Although authors have already discussed the possibility of PLTs being upstream of ESR1, at present one cannot rule out the possibility that PLTs act in parallel or independent of ESR1 to regulate de novo shoot regeneration. In addition, the esr1 m ...
Phylogenetic analysis of three complete gap
Phylogenetic analysis of three complete gap

... from the zebrafish genome, some are found as single relatives, and others are found in multiple copies. In addition, the zebrafish has 14 apparently novel connexins, several of which arose by recent tandem duplication events. This analysis provides evidence that the connexin gene family is increasin ...
Genetics of the shaded American Shorthair
Genetics of the shaded American Shorthair

... and chinchilla patterns are grouped together as shaded cats in this paper, since the difference between the shaded and chinchilla cats varies only in one pattern attribute, the width of the white undercoat. Evidence of a pattern or barring on the legs, neck, and tail or, worse, on the body is effec ...
Genetics of the shaded American Shorthair
Genetics of the shaded American Shorthair

... orange gene) than it does on black pigment in all breeds. Because of this complexity, this paper deals predominantly with black pigmented (shaded silver) cats. The effect of the silver gene in combination with the red can be exaggerated. To Stripe or Not to Stripe - the major unpatterned tabby gene ...
3 Ontological analogy: Genes and memes
3 Ontological analogy: Genes and memes

... the case of biological evolution, and cultural units such as ideas, values, beliefs, patterns of behavior, and artifacts in the case of culture. Today, biological evolution is believed to be explainable by Darwinian evolutionary theory. Cultural change, however, is thought to arise through creative ...
Reprint
Reprint

... In the early years of the twentieth century, the Danish biologist Wilhelm Johannsen laid the conceptual foundations of modern genetics and evolutionary biology by differentiating the phenotype—the traits expressed by an organism—from the genotype—the “sequestered” library of hereditary information t ...
Darwinism Memes And Creativity_opus
Darwinism Memes And Creativity_opus

... the case of biological evolution, and cultural units such as ideas, values, beliefs, patterns of behavior, and artifacts in the case of culture. Today, biological evolution is believed to be explainable by Darwinian evolutionary theory. Cultural change, however, is thought to arise through creative ...
hox Gene Regulation and Function During Zebrafish
hox Gene Regulation and Function During Zebrafish

... begin to differentiate and distinguish themselves from the other segments by their function. Positional signals further subdivide these segments creating greater specialization of these early segments. This method of segmentation and differentiation has given rise to the multitude of diversity among ...
The Etiology of ADHD: Behavioral and Molecular Genetic
The Etiology of ADHD: Behavioral and Molecular Genetic

... Behavioral genetic studies of ADHD Individuals cannot be randomly assigned to different environmental or genetic backgrounds. Therefore, family, adoption, and twin studies take advantage of naturally occurring events to estimate the relative influence of genetic and environmental factors on a trait ...
Selective amplification of the S
Selective amplification of the S

... the first contrast set, stimuli were presented at similar cone contrasts in order to match stimuli in terms of their respective cone responses. Due to differences in contrast sensitivity for Ach, RG and BY stimuli, these have different visibilities, with RG the most visible and BY the least. Cone con ...
THE GENETICS AND REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATING MECHANISMS
THE GENETICS AND REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATING MECHANISMS

... and ochsenheimeri Stgr., but in Pieris melete Men. too. Spring napi females which show a more marked gray suffusion along the veins than is usual in this species are also distinguishable by the lack of this streak. The distinction between a slightly marked heterozygous bryonice female and a more str ...
redundancy and regulatory interactions between two
redundancy and regulatory interactions between two

... late stages of development, PLE and FAR show distinct expression patterns (Figure 2E and F). In the anther, PLE transcripts become localized to the region of the stomium (arrowed in Figure 2E) whereas FAR is expressed predominantly in the connective. In the gynoecium, PLE is expressed mainly in the ...
FREE Sample Here
FREE Sample Here

... 29. Combining the genes of two parents in offspring is one of the ways in which _____ increases in the population, which is valuable for a species because it provides more characteristics for natural selection to operate on. a. the number of males b. the number of females c. genetic variability d. g ...
Collagens, modifying enzymes and their mutations in humans, flies
Collagens, modifying enzymes and their mutations in humans, flies

... Figure 1. Members of the collagen superfamily and their known supramolecular assemblies. The collagen superfamily can be divided into nine families on the basis of the supramolecular assemblies and other features of its members: (a) fibril-forming collagens; (b) fibril-associated collagens with inte ...
life-span-development-13th-edition-santrock-test-bank
life-span-development-13th-edition-santrock-test-bank

... Page(s): 56 7. The food-scarce environment of our ancestors likely led to humans’ propensity to gorge when food is available and to crave high-caloric foods—a trait that might lead to an epidemic of obesity when food is plentiful. This illustrates how: a. many evolved psychological mechanisms are do ...
Sharp Insights and a Sharp Tongue
Sharp Insights and a Sharp Tongue

... paper on reciprocal altruism, because it is so a battle for resources that started with the Based on his own life experiences, close to how he himself behaves, being nice if fetus growing in the mother’s body. “Later, Trivers realized that this nepotistic altruism someone is nice to him first. “Rober ...
Resolving Individuals Contributing Trace Amounts of DNA to Highly
Resolving Individuals Contributing Trace Amounts of DNA to Highly

... we can also interpret our method as measuring the difference of two distances: the distance of the individual from a reference population and the distance of an individual from the mixture. Our method does not require knowledge of the number of individuals in the mixture and we demonstrate robustnes ...
of Lactobacillus pentosus
of Lactobacillus pentosus

... reported that lactobacilli may play a role in detoxifying carcinogens, enhancing the immune response and reducing serum cholesterol levels (Fernandes et al., 1987, Gilliland, 1990). In 1908 Metchnikoff already claimed a role for lactobacilli in the prolongation of life (Metchnikoff, 1908). Although ...
Wolbachia–host interactions: connecting phenotype to genotype
Wolbachia–host interactions: connecting phenotype to genotype

... production of oocytes and their development into viable offspring is dependent on the presence of Wolbachia [15]. In this case Wolbachia seems to act by influencing programmed cell death processes, preventing apoptosis of nurse cells and allowing oocyte maturation [16]. A similar observation was r ...
8 VARIATION IN CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE AND NUMBER
8 VARIATION IN CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE AND NUMBER

... C H A P T E R 8 :: VARIATION IN CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE AND NUMBER ...
Adam Smith`s Political Philosophy: The invisible hand
Adam Smith`s Political Philosophy: The invisible hand

... This distinction leads Gissurarson to place spontaneous order thought within a tradition that he refers to as ‘conservative liberalism’ (Gissurarson 1987: 6).2 However, given the distinctions which we have drawn thus far it would be more accurate to refer to spontaneous order thought as existing in ...
Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Encode a Quantitative Reward
Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Encode a Quantitative Reward

... shading at the top of each block indicating the largest available reward. Note that the subject manages, in general, to select delays that yield rewards, but also note that the size of the reward earned on each trial varies across the range of possible reward values. To quantify this behavior, Figur ...
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Biology and consumer behaviour

Consumer behaviour is the study of the motivations surrounding a purchase of a product or service. It has been linked to the field of psychology, sociology and economics in attempts to analyse when, why, where and how people purchase in the way that they do. However, little literature has considered the link between our consumption behaviour and the basics of our being, our biology. Segmentation by biological driven demographics such as sex and age are already popular and pervasive in marketing. As more knowledge and research is known, targeting based on a consumers biology is of growing interest and use to marketers.As human machines being made up of cells controlled by our brain to influence aspects of our behaviour, there must be some influence of biology on our consumer behaviour and how we purchase as well. The nature versus nurture debate is at the core of how much biology influences these buying decisions, because it argues the extent to which biological factors influence what we do, and how much is reflected through environmental factors. Neuromarketing is of interest to marketers in measuring the reaction of stimulus to marketing. Even though we know there is a reaction, the question of why we consume the way we do still lingers, but it is a step in the right direction. Biology helps to understand consumer behaviour as it influences consumption and aids in the measurement of it.Lawson and Wooliscroft (2004) drew the link between human nature and the marketing concept, not explicitly biology, where they considered the contrasting views of Hobbes and Rousseau on mankind. Hobbes believed man had a self-serving nature whereas Rousseau was more forgiving towards the nature of man, suggesting them to be noble and dignified. Hobbes saw the need for a governing intermediary to control this selfish nature which provided a basis for the exchange theory, and also links to Mcgregor’s Theory of X and Y, relevant to management literature. He also considered cooperation and competition, relevant to game theory as an explanation of man’s motives and can be used for understanding the exercising of power in marketing channels. Pinker outlines why the nature debate has been suppressed by the nurture debate in his book The Blank Slate.
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