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Title: Evolution of dosage compensation in Anolis carolinensis, a
Title: Evolution of dosage compensation in Anolis carolinensis, a

... expression between the sexes (e.g. between XX females and XY males) and between the sex chromosomes and the autosomes. Dosage compensation is a process whereby genes on the sex chromosomes achieve equal gene expression. We compared genomewide levels of transcription between males and females, and be ...
Large Sex Differences in Chicken Behavior and Differences in Promoter DNA-Methylation
Large Sex Differences in Chicken Behavior and Differences in Promoter DNA-Methylation

... While behavioral sex differences have repeatedly been reported across taxa, the underlying epigenetic mechanisms in the brain are mostly lacking. Birds have previously shown to have only limited dosage compensation, leading to high sex bias of Z-chromosome gene expression. In chickens, a male hyper- ...
Get PDF - Wiley Online Library
Get PDF - Wiley Online Library

... and Linda Buck at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle (WA, USA), who shared the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine “for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system”. Their discoveries provide a detailed picture of how odorants are det ...
Classical (Mendelian) Genetics
Classical (Mendelian) Genetics

... – There are 3 alleles which determine blood type IA, IB, or IO. This is referred to as having multiple alleles – Human blood types are designated as A, B or O. • Type A denotes having the A surface antigen, and is denoted by IA • Type B denotes having the B surface antigen, and is denoted by IB • Ty ...
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Migration and mutation

... This section is based on two papers [5] [3] that my colleague Barrie Latter and I wrote together. It started off when both of us independently found that the results of computer simulations we were doing didn’t quite agree with what was expected from Sewall Wright’s theory. 1. THE ORIGINAL MIGRATION ...
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... • Variations are differences in traits between individuals of the same species. • The traits of an individual is dependent on interactions between the genes and the environment. • Genetic variation is heritable, but variations due to the environment are not. ...
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Chapter 5. Genetic Interactions and Pathways
Chapter 5. Genetic Interactions and Pathways

... continuous phenotypes will be discussed in Chapter 7, while the analysis of multiple mutations in naturally varying populations will be covered in Chapter 16. Once a genetic interaction is discovered, this information can be used to infer gene relationships. Our focus this chapter is on the logic u ...
Is email dead?
Is email dead?

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... irrelevant to its success as a meme. In fact, the very idea of “true” or “false” becomes difficult to sustain. One of the reasons why memes are set up as being neutral with respect to epistemology is that Dawkins and Dennett (et al) want room to call religion (in particular, but also bubblegum-pop a ...
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... IV. Several Genes Affecting the Same Character The cellular functions of products encoded by more than one gene affect the phenotype of one trait. The key to determining that you have one trait controlled by more than one gene is modified (i.e. not 3:1) Mendelian ratios in a cross of 2 heterozygous ...
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Biology 3101C Genetics and Evolution

... the genotypes, phenotypes and ratios among offspring and compare specific genotypes and phenotypes for males and females. Students should be able to solve dihybrid crosses involving one trait that is completely dominant with one other trait that is sex-linked. Instructors should use multiple resourc ...
The complete nucleotide sequence of the chick a
The complete nucleotide sequence of the chick a

... gels as above. Two picomoles of this fragment were denatured in 80ul 98% formamide by heating to 85'C for 10 min. After denaturation, lOOug poly(A) RNA from day 18 embryonic chick leg muscle in 20ul 200mM Pipes (pH 6.U), 2.0M NaCl, 5mM EDTA was added and the mixture incubated at 52*C overnight. Hybr ...
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4. Responding to environment Booklet TN

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Dihybrid Crosses
Dihybrid Crosses

... – = The parent makes an equal number of each of the four kind of gametes. A gamete with an allele from one gene does not force it to have a certain allele from the other gene. • For instance, for a parent who is BbHh, half their gametes have the H allele. Half of those will have the B allele, and th ...
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7.2 Complex Patterns of Inheritance

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... The three enzymes involved in the metabolism of lactose are transcribed and expressed cAMP binds to CAP regulatory protein, causing it to bind to the promoter of the lac operon The enzymes needed for lactose metabolism must be transcribed when lactose is present cAMP levels increase because glucose ...
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... resistance and the developmental stage of the potato leaves tested. The aggressiveness of P. infestans isolates is likely to be affected by the length of time in axenic culture and it is thus important to ‘passage’ isolates on leaf material to restore aggressiveness prior to any experiment. Isolates ...
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Biology and consumer behaviour

Consumer behaviour is the study of the motivations surrounding a purchase of a product or service. It has been linked to the field of psychology, sociology and economics in attempts to analyse when, why, where and how people purchase in the way that they do. However, little literature has considered the link between our consumption behaviour and the basics of our being, our biology. Segmentation by biological driven demographics such as sex and age are already popular and pervasive in marketing. As more knowledge and research is known, targeting based on a consumers biology is of growing interest and use to marketers.As human machines being made up of cells controlled by our brain to influence aspects of our behaviour, there must be some influence of biology on our consumer behaviour and how we purchase as well. The nature versus nurture debate is at the core of how much biology influences these buying decisions, because it argues the extent to which biological factors influence what we do, and how much is reflected through environmental factors. Neuromarketing is of interest to marketers in measuring the reaction of stimulus to marketing. Even though we know there is a reaction, the question of why we consume the way we do still lingers, but it is a step in the right direction. Biology helps to understand consumer behaviour as it influences consumption and aids in the measurement of it.Lawson and Wooliscroft (2004) drew the link between human nature and the marketing concept, not explicitly biology, where they considered the contrasting views of Hobbes and Rousseau on mankind. Hobbes believed man had a self-serving nature whereas Rousseau was more forgiving towards the nature of man, suggesting them to be noble and dignified. Hobbes saw the need for a governing intermediary to control this selfish nature which provided a basis for the exchange theory, and also links to Mcgregor’s Theory of X and Y, relevant to management literature. He also considered cooperation and competition, relevant to game theory as an explanation of man’s motives and can be used for understanding the exercising of power in marketing channels. Pinker outlines why the nature debate has been suppressed by the nurture debate in his book The Blank Slate.
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