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Entering the second century of maize quantitative genetics
Entering the second century of maize quantitative genetics

... The difference in genetic architecture between maize and sorghum, rice and Arabidopsis is probably due to the different effective recombination rate each species experiences. Maize is an outcrossing species, so genotypes get shuffled and recombined every generation. Selfing species like rice and Ara ...
Future Generation Computer Systems
Future Generation Computer Systems

... times of the applications that must process the data. These differences may prevent some applications from completing because it would cause the makespan of the resource allocation to exceed Λ. Robust design for such systems involves determining a resource allocation that can account for uncertainty ...
From RNA to protein
From RNA to protein

... Genes to Phenotypes "A set of genes represents the individual components of the biological system under scrutiny" Modifications of the "3:1 F2 monohybrid ratio" and gene interactions are the rules rather than the exceptions" ...
Neural Mechanisms of Reward in Insects - Chittka Lab
Neural Mechanisms of Reward in Insects - Chittka Lab

... can be transferred through associative learning to a conditioned stimulus (CS) or even an animal’s own behavioral responses. These stimuli or actions become predictors of reward and in some sense types of rewards themselves (10). Toates (87) extended incentive theory by postulating that hedonic and ...
Children and Their Development, Second Canadian Edition Kail
Children and Their Development, Second Canadian Edition Kail

... 38) Why are relatively few inherited disorders caused by dominant alleles? A) Most disorders caused by dominant alleles lead to sterility, which means the dominant allele will not be passed on. B) Genetic testing can more readily identify dominant rather than recessive alleles; genetic counselling h ...
Baldwinian Accounts of Language Evolution
Baldwinian Accounts of Language Evolution

... neglected evolutionary process of the Baldwin effect has been widely acknowledged. Especially in the field of language evolution, the Baldwin effect (Baldwin 1896d, Simpson 1953) has been expected to salvage the long-lasting deadlocked situation of modern linguistics: i.e., it may shed light on the ...
Title Changes in the Concept of "Fitness" in Evolutionary Biology
Title Changes in the Concept of "Fitness" in Evolutionary Biology

... scientific theories change, but it is quite recently that they start to found their speculations on concrete historical researches on actual changes in science. Hull's (1988a and 1988b) and Darden's (1991) theories on conceptual changes are two of such recent attempts (Hull uses taxonomy in biology, ...
Biology_EOCEP_Review_-_Student_Copy
Biology_EOCEP_Review_-_Student_Copy

... If you test your hypothesis and get the results you expected are you finished or what should you do next? ...
Identity-by-descent filtering of exome sequence data for disease
Identity-by-descent filtering of exome sequence data for disease

... these two states are defined by locus-specific transition rates, dd, nd, dn, nn. According to the HMM, these states emit genotypes that are IBS* or not, according to the appropriate probability distributions. Note that genotypes in IBD =2 may be IBS* by chance and genotypes in IBD = 2 may not be IB ...
The Influence of Anticodon–Codon Interactions and Modified Bases
The Influence of Anticodon–Codon Interactions and Modified Bases

... in codon frequencies in highly expressed genes in most bacteria. By comparing codon frequencies in high and lowexpression genes, we determine which codons are preferred for each amino acid in a large sample of bacterial genomes. We relate this to the number of copies of each tRNA gene in each genome ...
FREE Sample Here
FREE Sample Here

... 38) Why are relatively few inherited disorders caused by dominant alleles? A) Most disorders caused by dominant alleles lead to sterility, which means the dominant allele will not be passed on. B) Genetic testing can more readily identify dominant rather than recessive alleles; genetic counselling h ...
Genetics - Brook Biology
Genetics - Brook Biology

...  Multicellular organisms need a variety of cell types to perform specific functions for the organism; therefore, individual cells differentiate and become specialized in structure and function. • Differentiation happens due to selective gene expression – some genes are turned off, some are turned o ...
Complex Heterozygosity Screening with Actin Alanine Scan Alleles
Complex Heterozygosity Screening with Actin Alanine Scan Alleles

... Project Consortium has shown that on average human individuals inherit ~150 loss-of-function alleles (Abecasis et al. 2012). For an individual who inherits 150 loss-of-function alleles, there are 11,175 possibly deleterious digenic CHI interactions, which is not even considering the very large numbe ...
Tracing the Thread of Plastid Diversity through the Tapestry of Life
Tracing the Thread of Plastid Diversity through the Tapestry of Life

... The Thread of Plastid Diversity Herrmann 1998). Those plastid proteins not encoded in the plastid genome are encoded in the nuclear genome and must be targeted to the plastid. Three mechanisms underlie this reduction of the plastid genome; gene loss, substitution, and transfer. First, in the case o ...
Chapter 2. Left in the Genes - SciTech Connect
Chapter 2. Left in the Genes - SciTech Connect

... that found in families where the parents are both right-handed. Adopted children and their adopted parents do not show the resemblance patterns seen in biologically related pairs. This combined evidence bolsters a search for a handedness gene. However, the majority of children of all parental pairin ...
Beyond genetic discrimination. Problems and perspectives of a
Beyond genetic discrimination. Problems and perspectives of a

... symbolic milestone in the progress of genetics.1 In the “post-genomic” era genetic research is about to transform concepts of health, illness and the body, and the practices of medicine and public health. Genetic tests already have been developed to identify the presence of particular alleles or pol ...
Genetic Homologies between Flagellar Antigens of
Genetic Homologies between Flagellar Antigens of

... EH 23 and, as a control, to S . abony strain SH 583, which are arg-mutants of the F- recipient strains used in the previous crosses. In both cases the mutant arg loci lie between his and str. Either his+, arg', or both his' and arg' were selected from donor, and str-r from the recipient, The results ...
1 shared allele
1 shared allele

... Between relatives on the supposition of Mendelian Inheritance” in 1918. ...
Title Modulation of Conditioned Fear, Fear
Title Modulation of Conditioned Fear, Fear

... amygdala (BLA) is involved in pain, fear and fear-conditioned analgesia (FCA). In this study, we investigated the effects of intra-BLA administration of the GABA A receptor agonist, muscimol, on the expression of conditioned-fear, formalin-evoked nociception and fearconditioned analgesia in rats, an ...
Quantitative trait loci associated with maximal exercise endurance in
Quantitative trait loci associated with maximal exercise endurance in

... speeds above 45 m/min. The treadmill test was stopped when the mouse could not get off the shock grid within 3 s, and exercise endurance was estimated by total time that the mouse ran. This indirect measure of exercise endurance has been used as a phenotype in other rodent genetic studies (1, 6, 18, ...
lecture - Berkeley MCB
lecture - Berkeley MCB

... “Up until now, it had seemed reasonable to postulate that constitutive mutants synthesized an endogenous inducer which was absent in inducible cells. The results described here suggest an exactly opposite hypothesis. The facts can be explained by the supposition that the i gene determines (via an en ...
STUDIES OF INHERITANCE IN LOP
STUDIES OF INHERITANCE IN LOP

... conversion factor of one mm for each hundred grams of weight. The observed ear length was increased if the animal weighed less than 2,400 grams and decreased if the animal weighed more than 2,400grams. Thus were obtained the calculated results shown in table 5. As thus treated, the F1 populations be ...
The Genetic Principles of Crossbreeding
The Genetic Principles of Crossbreeding

... Crossbreeding is the mating of two individuals with different breed makeups. It is widely used in commercial beef production because of the benefits it has to offer cow-calf producers. Improvements in efficiency can be dramatic if appropriate breed combinations are used. Crossbreeding does not elimi ...
E20
E20

... significant GE interaction was observed at all measuring stages in the combined analysis over the two environments. The GE interaction variances accounted for 7.3 to 23.4% of the total genetic variances at different stages (data not shown). The average plant height of DH lines in Hangzhou was 8.2 to ...
Identification of Genetic and Epigenetic Risk Factors for Psoriasis
Identification of Genetic and Epigenetic Risk Factors for Psoriasis

... Human and Statistical Genetics Program Washington University in Saint Louis, 2011 Dr. Anne M. Bowcock, Chair Dr. Nancy L. Saccone, co-Chair ...
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Biology and consumer behaviour

Consumer behaviour is the study of the motivations surrounding a purchase of a product or service. It has been linked to the field of psychology, sociology and economics in attempts to analyse when, why, where and how people purchase in the way that they do. However, little literature has considered the link between our consumption behaviour and the basics of our being, our biology. Segmentation by biological driven demographics such as sex and age are already popular and pervasive in marketing. As more knowledge and research is known, targeting based on a consumers biology is of growing interest and use to marketers.As human machines being made up of cells controlled by our brain to influence aspects of our behaviour, there must be some influence of biology on our consumer behaviour and how we purchase as well. The nature versus nurture debate is at the core of how much biology influences these buying decisions, because it argues the extent to which biological factors influence what we do, and how much is reflected through environmental factors. Neuromarketing is of interest to marketers in measuring the reaction of stimulus to marketing. Even though we know there is a reaction, the question of why we consume the way we do still lingers, but it is a step in the right direction. Biology helps to understand consumer behaviour as it influences consumption and aids in the measurement of it.Lawson and Wooliscroft (2004) drew the link between human nature and the marketing concept, not explicitly biology, where they considered the contrasting views of Hobbes and Rousseau on mankind. Hobbes believed man had a self-serving nature whereas Rousseau was more forgiving towards the nature of man, suggesting them to be noble and dignified. Hobbes saw the need for a governing intermediary to control this selfish nature which provided a basis for the exchange theory, and also links to Mcgregor’s Theory of X and Y, relevant to management literature. He also considered cooperation and competition, relevant to game theory as an explanation of man’s motives and can be used for understanding the exercising of power in marketing channels. Pinker outlines why the nature debate has been suppressed by the nurture debate in his book The Blank Slate.
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