emergence of humans
... The Three Stages of Human Culture Human Culture is the way people lived, including their arts, beliefs, inventions, traditions, language, government, and homes. First Stage: our ancestors lived in the open. Second Stage: humans learned to use fire, which provided warmth and light needed for living i ...
... The Three Stages of Human Culture Human Culture is the way people lived, including their arts, beliefs, inventions, traditions, language, government, and homes. First Stage: our ancestors lived in the open. Second Stage: humans learned to use fire, which provided warmth and light needed for living i ...
Evolution
... plants and animals. Farmers and breeders allowed only the plants and animals with desirable characteristics to reproduce, causing the evolution of farm stock. This process is called artificial selection because people (instead of nature) select which organisms get to reproduce. •As shown here, farme ...
... plants and animals. Farmers and breeders allowed only the plants and animals with desirable characteristics to reproduce, causing the evolution of farm stock. This process is called artificial selection because people (instead of nature) select which organisms get to reproduce. •As shown here, farme ...
2-11-16 Evolution Outline Packet 2
... melanin. Every human makes this protein pigment, except people suffering from Albinism (a genetic condition where the individual inherited zero dominant alleles and therefore does not have a single DNA blueprint for making the protein pigment; so they “appear” white because they have zero pigment in ...
... melanin. Every human makes this protein pigment, except people suffering from Albinism (a genetic condition where the individual inherited zero dominant alleles and therefore does not have a single DNA blueprint for making the protein pigment; so they “appear” white because they have zero pigment in ...
B1_Biology_Summary_Topic_1
... B1 Topic 1 Classification, Variation and Inheritance This topic looks at: • General characteristics of animals and plants • Problems surrounding classification • Adaptations of organisms that can survive in extreme environments • Variation, inheritance and Darwins theory of evolution Organisms have ...
... B1 Topic 1 Classification, Variation and Inheritance This topic looks at: • General characteristics of animals and plants • Problems surrounding classification • Adaptations of organisms that can survive in extreme environments • Variation, inheritance and Darwins theory of evolution Organisms have ...
Evolution - cloudfront.net
... 2. Index fossils a) used to compare the relative ages of fossils b) come from species that have existed for a long period over a wide geographic range c) come from species that have existed for a short period over a small geographic range 3. Gene pool(s) a) are the combined genetic information of al ...
... 2. Index fossils a) used to compare the relative ages of fossils b) come from species that have existed for a long period over a wide geographic range c) come from species that have existed for a short period over a small geographic range 3. Gene pool(s) a) are the combined genetic information of al ...
Gene environment Interaction fact sheet
... Virtually all-human diseases result from the interaction of genetic susceptibility factors and modifiable environmental factors, broadly defined to include infectious, chemical, physical, nutritional, and behavioral factors. This is perhaps the most important fact in understanding the role of geneti ...
... Virtually all-human diseases result from the interaction of genetic susceptibility factors and modifiable environmental factors, broadly defined to include infectious, chemical, physical, nutritional, and behavioral factors. This is perhaps the most important fact in understanding the role of geneti ...
Mechanisms of Change
... the idea of selection to cause major changes in the features of their plants and animals over the course of decades. Farmers and breeders allowed only the plants and animals with desirable characteristics to reproduce, causing the evolution of farm stock. This process is called artificial selection ...
... the idea of selection to cause major changes in the features of their plants and animals over the course of decades. Farmers and breeders allowed only the plants and animals with desirable characteristics to reproduce, causing the evolution of farm stock. This process is called artificial selection ...
III. A. Mechanisms of Evolution 1. Evolution occurs at the population
... b. Discovered that evolution will NOT occur in a population unless allelic frequencies are acted upon that cause change. ~ex. A change in the number of alleles for red in flowers in a population over the number of recessive white alleles in a population. c. ~when allelic frequencies remain constant, ...
... b. Discovered that evolution will NOT occur in a population unless allelic frequencies are acted upon that cause change. ~ex. A change in the number of alleles for red in flowers in a population over the number of recessive white alleles in a population. c. ~when allelic frequencies remain constant, ...
Biology-n15pn.
... b. Discovered that evolution will NOT occur in a population unless allelic frequencies are acted upon that cause change. ~ex. A change in the number of alleles for red in flowers in a population over the number of recessive white alleles in a population. c. ~when allelic frequencies remain constant, ...
... b. Discovered that evolution will NOT occur in a population unless allelic frequencies are acted upon that cause change. ~ex. A change in the number of alleles for red in flowers in a population over the number of recessive white alleles in a population. c. ~when allelic frequencies remain constant, ...
Chapter 4 Modern Human Variation and Adaptation Historical Views
... Human polymorphisms are loci with more than one allele. o Polymorphisms can be expressed in the phenotype as the result of gene action (as in ABO), or they can exist solely at the DNA level within non-coding regions o Today can measure directly due to new techniques. Many of the techniques were the ...
... Human polymorphisms are loci with more than one allele. o Polymorphisms can be expressed in the phenotype as the result of gene action (as in ABO), or they can exist solely at the DNA level within non-coding regions o Today can measure directly due to new techniques. Many of the techniques were the ...
Historical overview of reproductive and genetic
... 1. KEY DEVELOPMENTS IN HUMAN BIOLOGY, GENETICS, ASSISTED HUMAN REPRODUCTION & CLONING The progression of these various discoveries makes the inter-relationship across fields of study clearer. To some extent, this explains why this area of research is such a rapid and unpredictable field of endeavour ...
... 1. KEY DEVELOPMENTS IN HUMAN BIOLOGY, GENETICS, ASSISTED HUMAN REPRODUCTION & CLONING The progression of these various discoveries makes the inter-relationship across fields of study clearer. To some extent, this explains why this area of research is such a rapid and unpredictable field of endeavour ...
8/23/2014 1 The Evolution of Populations
... estimate the percentage of the human population carrying the allele for an inherited disease – example: • PKU occurs in 1 in 10000 babies (q2=0.0001), then q=0.01, p=0.99 and 2pq=0.0198 ...
... estimate the percentage of the human population carrying the allele for an inherited disease – example: • PKU occurs in 1 in 10000 babies (q2=0.0001), then q=0.01, p=0.99 and 2pq=0.0198 ...
n - 1
... Polymorphic: Having genetic diversity. A locus in a population is polymorphic if it has more than one allele. Polymorphic loci are usually defined as having the most frequent allele at a frequency of less than 0.99 or less then 0.95. Monomorphic: Lacking genetic diversity. A locus in a population i ...
... Polymorphic: Having genetic diversity. A locus in a population is polymorphic if it has more than one allele. Polymorphic loci are usually defined as having the most frequent allele at a frequency of less than 0.99 or less then 0.95. Monomorphic: Lacking genetic diversity. A locus in a population i ...
The Human Genome
... An estimated 30,000 genes Only 1% - 3% of our DNA codes for protein • The other is either introns, regulatory DNA, or has some as yet unknown function ...
... An estimated 30,000 genes Only 1% - 3% of our DNA codes for protein • The other is either introns, regulatory DNA, or has some as yet unknown function ...
Question 3: What factors affect allele frequencies? Population
... Nonrandom mating can occur in two forms, with different consequences. One form of nonrandom mating is inbreeding, which occurs when individuals with similar genotypes are more likely to mate with each other rather than with individuals with different genotypes. The second form of nonrandom mating i ...
... Nonrandom mating can occur in two forms, with different consequences. One form of nonrandom mating is inbreeding, which occurs when individuals with similar genotypes are more likely to mate with each other rather than with individuals with different genotypes. The second form of nonrandom mating i ...
The Major Transitions in Evolution
... On human cooperation II. • Empirical estimates show that genetic differences between early human groups are likely to have been great enough so that lethal intergroup competition could account for the evolution of altruism. • Crucial to this process were distinctive human practices such as sharing ...
... On human cooperation II. • Empirical estimates show that genetic differences between early human groups are likely to have been great enough so that lethal intergroup competition could account for the evolution of altruism. • Crucial to this process were distinctive human practices such as sharing ...
doc - Genome: The Secret of How Life Works
... include the color of flowers and the number of limbs of an animal. Other features, such as the ability to ride a bicycle, are learned through interactions with the environment and cannot be passed on to the next generation. 5-8 Content Standard C — The Molecular Basis of Heredity ¥ Every organism re ...
... include the color of flowers and the number of limbs of an animal. Other features, such as the ability to ride a bicycle, are learned through interactions with the environment and cannot be passed on to the next generation. 5-8 Content Standard C — The Molecular Basis of Heredity ¥ Every organism re ...
Chapter 12: Genetics and Health
... developed in the last 30 years to move pieces of _________ from the ______________ one cell to another. This process has allowed the movement of genes with _________________________________ from one organism to another. This process is referred to as a ___________________________. Genetic Engineerin ...
... developed in the last 30 years to move pieces of _________ from the ______________ one cell to another. This process has allowed the movement of genes with _________________________________ from one organism to another. This process is referred to as a ___________________________. Genetic Engineerin ...
Genetic Algorithms
... Models of Evolution and Learning II: Baldwin Effect [1896] If a species is evolving in a changing environment, there will be evolutionary pressure to favor individuals with the capability to learn during their lifetime. Those individuals who are able to learn many traits will rely less strongly ...
... Models of Evolution and Learning II: Baldwin Effect [1896] If a species is evolving in a changing environment, there will be evolutionary pressure to favor individuals with the capability to learn during their lifetime. Those individuals who are able to learn many traits will rely less strongly ...
Evolution-
... Four conditions required for natural selection: 1. Variation- Individuals in a population are not _______________ to each other. 2. Inheritance- Traits are passed to _________________; traits have a genetic basis 3. Environmental population limits- Environmental ________________ ____________ prevent ...
... Four conditions required for natural selection: 1. Variation- Individuals in a population are not _______________ to each other. 2. Inheritance- Traits are passed to _________________; traits have a genetic basis 3. Environmental population limits- Environmental ________________ ____________ prevent ...
Apaptive Variation - 16 slides
... • If they don’t posses a trait that allows them to adapt to a changing environment, they will decrease in population (more die, also reproduce less which may lead to…. ...
... • If they don’t posses a trait that allows them to adapt to a changing environment, they will decrease in population (more die, also reproduce less which may lead to…. ...
16-1 Genetic Equilibrium
... Stabilizing selection individuals with average forms of a trait have the highest fitness – Ex. Large lizards will be spotted by predators; small lizards can’t run fast enough to get away from predators ...
... Stabilizing selection individuals with average forms of a trait have the highest fitness – Ex. Large lizards will be spotted by predators; small lizards can’t run fast enough to get away from predators ...
Meiosis and Genetic Variation
... of parental alleles. – Therefore, crossing over is considered a recombination event. ...
... of parental alleles. – Therefore, crossing over is considered a recombination event. ...
The HapMap project and its application to genetic
... enabling whole-genome association studies. Recent studies conducted at various levels of resolution have all shown that the extent of LD in different parts of the genome is highly variable, averaging 5–20 kb but extending up to hundreds of kilobases.3–5 Variability in average LD has also been observ ...
... enabling whole-genome association studies. Recent studies conducted at various levels of resolution have all shown that the extent of LD in different parts of the genome is highly variable, averaging 5–20 kb but extending up to hundreds of kilobases.3–5 Variability in average LD has also been observ ...
Human genetic variation
Human genetic variation is the genetic differences both within and among populations. There may be multiple variants of any given gene in the human population (genes), leading to polymorphism. Many genes are not polymorphic, meaning that only a single allele is present in the population: the gene is then said to be fixed. On average, in terms of DNA sequence all humans are 99.9% similar to any other humans.No two humans are genetically identical. Even monozygotic twins, who develop from one zygote, have infrequent genetic differences due to mutations occurring during development and gene copy-number variation. Differences between individuals, even closely related individuals, are the key to techniques such as genetic fingerprinting. Alleles occur at different frequencies in different human populations, with populations that are more geographically and ancestrally remote tending to differ more.Causes of differences between individuals include the exchange of genes during meiosis and various mutational events. There are at least two reasons why genetic variation exists between populations. Natural selection may confer an adaptive advantage to individuals in a specific environment if an allele provides a competitive advantage. Alleles under selection are likely to occur only in those geographic regions where they confer an advantage. The second main cause of genetic variation is due to the high degree of neutrality of most mutations. Most mutations do not appear to have any selective effect one way or the other on the organism. The main cause is genetic drift, this is the effect of random changes in the gene pool. In humans, founder effect and past small population size (increasing the likelihood of genetic drift) may have had an important influence in neutral differences between populations. The theory that humans recently migrated out of Africa supports this.The study of human genetic variation has both evolutionary significance and medical applications. It can help scientists understand ancient human population migrations as well as how different human groups are biologically related to one another. For medicine, study of human genetic variation may be important because some disease-causing alleles occur more often in people from specific geographic regions. New findings show that each human has on average 60 new mutations compared to their parents.Apart from mutations, many genes that may have aided humans in ancient times plague humans today. For example, it is suspected that genes that allow humans to more efficiently process food are those that make people susceptible to obesity and diabetes today.