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most - Salamander Genome Project
most - Salamander Genome Project

... Reduced genetic diversity has been shown to reduce times to extinction. The difference in heterozygosity is a measure of the inbreeding coefficient of a taxon. Computer projections show inbreeding depression adversely affects extinction risk even when all other factors are operating. ...
Screening for Long QT
Screening for Long QT

... during swimming, death during seizures, a family history of “seizure” disorders and other sudden deaths or death before age 40 in the extended family. Remember, this history should be taken for both the mother’s family & the father’s family! SADS’ Mission To save the lives and support the families o ...
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Populations are units of evolution

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Family Tree DNA - The Adapa Project
Family Tree DNA - The Adapa Project

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Nature vs. Nurture

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... 1. Your presentation should include information on how the genetic disorder is passed on from parents to children. This could include what gene or genes are affected or in what chromosomes or parts of chromosomes this genetic disorder occurs. Does a dominant or recessive gene cause the genetic disor ...
Bolt ModEP7e LG05.17-20B
Bolt ModEP7e LG05.17-20B

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Zoo Matchmaker Extension 3 – Tiger Touch Students who

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Human Genetics - Cloudfront.net

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Genetics Basics 3 - The Science Spot
Genetics Basics 3 - The Science Spot

... 1. What term refers to the actual genetic make-up of a trait? Example: Yy or RR 2. What term refers to the gene that is NOT expressed when two different genes for a trait are present in a gene pair? 3. If you are the parental generation, what term would refer to your grandchildren? 4. What type of p ...
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Inheritence Lecture

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state standards - Port Angeles High School
state standards - Port Angeles High School

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... • It is therefore not surprising that mistakes often occur in the ordering of complex genetic tests. • Incorrect ordering of genetic tests results in unnecessary costs to the healthcare system, but more importantly adversely affects the care of our patients – Failure or delays in getting the needed ...
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Chapter 36 Practice Quiz

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Quantitative Genetics

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Key terms - year13bio

... Gene flow: Genes can be exchanged with other gene pools as individuals move between them. Small population size: Allele frequencies can change randomly from generation to generation. Natural selection: Selection pressure against certain alleles combinations may reduce reproductive ...
Quantitative Genetics
Quantitative Genetics

... multiple genes and multiple alleles being studied. Two individuals cannot account for all the alleles controlling the phenotype. In order to assess the influence of all the alleles available, multiple individuals must be studied to observe all the phenotypes resulting from the different genotypes. ...
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11_DNA is the genetic material (MRU)

... populations of species as they change from one generation to the next, over time, and in different environments. Heredity is the concept that the characteristics of an individual plant or animal in a population could be passed down through the generations. Offspring look more ...
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17 Greenough-Behavior Genetics 2006

... • For a child to inherit PKU, both parents must be PKU carriers. When this occurs, there is a one in four chance of their producing an affected child with each pregnancy. • Until the 1960s, most infants born with PKU developed mental retardation and cerebral palsy. Now, postnatal detection and insti ...
Monday, Oct - Fall Pima 100
Monday, Oct - Fall Pima 100

... 3. What does the author mean when she states “we are at the beginning of a personalgenomics revolution..”? 4. Wojcicki’s husband Sergey Brin carries a gene that puts him at risk for Parkinson’s disease and there is 50% chance that their child will inherit this gene. Do you feel that this couple shou ...
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Human genetic variation



Human genetic variation is the genetic differences both within and among populations. There may be multiple variants of any given gene in the human population (genes), leading to polymorphism. Many genes are not polymorphic, meaning that only a single allele is present in the population: the gene is then said to be fixed. On average, in terms of DNA sequence all humans are 99.9% similar to any other humans.No two humans are genetically identical. Even monozygotic twins, who develop from one zygote, have infrequent genetic differences due to mutations occurring during development and gene copy-number variation. Differences between individuals, even closely related individuals, are the key to techniques such as genetic fingerprinting. Alleles occur at different frequencies in different human populations, with populations that are more geographically and ancestrally remote tending to differ more.Causes of differences between individuals include the exchange of genes during meiosis and various mutational events. There are at least two reasons why genetic variation exists between populations. Natural selection may confer an adaptive advantage to individuals in a specific environment if an allele provides a competitive advantage. Alleles under selection are likely to occur only in those geographic regions where they confer an advantage. The second main cause of genetic variation is due to the high degree of neutrality of most mutations. Most mutations do not appear to have any selective effect one way or the other on the organism. The main cause is genetic drift, this is the effect of random changes in the gene pool. In humans, founder effect and past small population size (increasing the likelihood of genetic drift) may have had an important influence in neutral differences between populations. The theory that humans recently migrated out of Africa supports this.The study of human genetic variation has both evolutionary significance and medical applications. It can help scientists understand ancient human population migrations as well as how different human groups are biologically related to one another. For medicine, study of human genetic variation may be important because some disease-causing alleles occur more often in people from specific geographic regions. New findings show that each human has on average 60 new mutations compared to their parents.Apart from mutations, many genes that may have aided humans in ancient times plague humans today. For example, it is suspected that genes that allow humans to more efficiently process food are those that make people susceptible to obesity and diabetes today.
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