Change of Genetic Architecture in Response to Sex
... Daphnia population was found to be undergoing a phase of sexual reproduction. The population is locatedinDorena Reservoir, Cottage Grove, Oregon. The reservoir has an area of at least 7 km'. Over 2 consecutive days, thousandsof adult individuals were sampled from 10 randomly chosen locations through ...
... Daphnia population was found to be undergoing a phase of sexual reproduction. The population is locatedinDorena Reservoir, Cottage Grove, Oregon. The reservoir has an area of at least 7 km'. Over 2 consecutive days, thousandsof adult individuals were sampled from 10 randomly chosen locations through ...
- CSHL Institutional Repository
... Every page of ParameciumDB contains a top row of navigation tabs (Home, Search, Gbrowse, Blast, Tools, Help) and a sidebar. The sidebar on the home page (and some information pages) contains internal and external links for community news, downloads and information about specific topics such as the g ...
... Every page of ParameciumDB contains a top row of navigation tabs (Home, Search, Gbrowse, Blast, Tools, Help) and a sidebar. The sidebar on the home page (and some information pages) contains internal and external links for community news, downloads and information about specific topics such as the g ...
Computer simulations: tools for population and evolutionary genetics
... genome-wide association studies (GWASs) explain only a very small fraction of their estimated heritability 32. Simulation studies are helping to explain this so-called ‘missing heritability’ phenomenon. A recent study 33 used Genome to simulate the genealogy of a population in which some individuals ...
... genome-wide association studies (GWASs) explain only a very small fraction of their estimated heritability 32. Simulation studies are helping to explain this so-called ‘missing heritability’ phenomenon. A recent study 33 used Genome to simulate the genealogy of a population in which some individuals ...
Ch 7 The Emergence Of Homo Sapiens
... specimens of modern-looking humans, or Homo sapiens sapiens. But it is now known that modern-looking humans appeared earlier outside of Europe; the earliest so far found lived in Africa. B. Theories about the Origins of Modern Humans 1. Single-Origin Theory a. According to the single-origin theory, ...
... specimens of modern-looking humans, or Homo sapiens sapiens. But it is now known that modern-looking humans appeared earlier outside of Europe; the earliest so far found lived in Africa. B. Theories about the Origins of Modern Humans 1. Single-Origin Theory a. According to the single-origin theory, ...
- Premier University of Technology
... 12. Recombination & Transposable Elements – Homologous recombination utilizes sequence complementarity, Generalized & Site-specific recombinations, Transposable elements are ubiquitous, Genomic instability caused by Transposable elements, Bacterial Transposable elements, Eukaryotic Transposable elem ...
... 12. Recombination & Transposable Elements – Homologous recombination utilizes sequence complementarity, Generalized & Site-specific recombinations, Transposable elements are ubiquitous, Genomic instability caused by Transposable elements, Bacterial Transposable elements, Eukaryotic Transposable elem ...
Understanding mechanisms of novel gene expression in
... expanded phenotypic effects of replicated FLC loci (Box 2). It could also explain, in part, the high levels of retention in duplicate gene function observed in long-established polyploids. Theory predicts that one copy of most duplicated genes should become silenced with a half-life of ,4 million ye ...
... expanded phenotypic effects of replicated FLC loci (Box 2). It could also explain, in part, the high levels of retention in duplicate gene function observed in long-established polyploids. Theory predicts that one copy of most duplicated genes should become silenced with a half-life of ,4 million ye ...
The ovine callipyge locus: a paradigm illustrating the - HAL
... clearly illustrates the importance of dissecting production traits into their ’Mendelian’ (or not-so-Mendelian) components using the new genomic techniques. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying polar overdominance is of fundamental interest. It might help to explain complex inheritance pa ...
... clearly illustrates the importance of dissecting production traits into their ’Mendelian’ (or not-so-Mendelian) components using the new genomic techniques. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying polar overdominance is of fundamental interest. It might help to explain complex inheritance pa ...
Highly replicable GWAS findings on endophenotypes of
... platforms have been performed and produced massive amount of genetic information, very few studies have successfully identified replicable large-impact hypertension loci, not to mention the scanty Asian studies. We proposed to splitting the phenotype, but merging the genetic information with biologi ...
... platforms have been performed and produced massive amount of genetic information, very few studies have successfully identified replicable large-impact hypertension loci, not to mention the scanty Asian studies. We proposed to splitting the phenotype, but merging the genetic information with biologi ...
DEEP-SEA GENETIC RESOURCES BEYOND NATIONAL
... 1) Legal status & definitional gaps: The lack of an internationally agreed definition of MGR in ABNJ (UNCLOS does not mention or define ‘genetic resources’) triggers: uncertainty relating to the legal status of MGR in ABNJ; questions relating to intellectual property rights; difficulties in differen ...
... 1) Legal status & definitional gaps: The lack of an internationally agreed definition of MGR in ABNJ (UNCLOS does not mention or define ‘genetic resources’) triggers: uncertainty relating to the legal status of MGR in ABNJ; questions relating to intellectual property rights; difficulties in differen ...
Biology 162 Discussion section Week 8 Problems in Mendelian
... genotypes are AA, Aa, and aa. There are six possible crossings that can be made between these genotypes (for example, AA × AA, AA × Aa, etc.). Show the expected proportions of the genotypes and phenotypes in the F1 offspring from all six possible crossings. 2. Suppose that the allele for red flowers ...
... genotypes are AA, Aa, and aa. There are six possible crossings that can be made between these genotypes (for example, AA × AA, AA × Aa, etc.). Show the expected proportions of the genotypes and phenotypes in the F1 offspring from all six possible crossings. 2. Suppose that the allele for red flowers ...
Units&Targets
... =probability of a repeat converting a paralogous repeat to its state (Molecular drive exists such that a neutral mutant will eventually go to fixation at all paralogous sites as well) 1/(2Nn)=probability of fixation of a new mutant at all homologous and paralogous sites 2Nnm=expected number of new ...
... =probability of a repeat converting a paralogous repeat to its state (Molecular drive exists such that a neutral mutant will eventually go to fixation at all paralogous sites as well) 1/(2Nn)=probability of fixation of a new mutant at all homologous and paralogous sites 2Nnm=expected number of new ...
Name
... - A section of DNA that codes for a specific sequence of amino acids (polypeptide chain). - A good working definition is to say that it codes for a specific protein. - Mendel thought (incorrectly) that it coded for a specific trait. This definition is OK, but it doesn't reflect what we now know abou ...
... - A section of DNA that codes for a specific sequence of amino acids (polypeptide chain). - A good working definition is to say that it codes for a specific protein. - Mendel thought (incorrectly) that it coded for a specific trait. This definition is OK, but it doesn't reflect what we now know abou ...
Study of lipid metabolism-related genes as candidate
... There is strong evidence that the onset of puberty is related to growth rate and the amount of body fat. Nellore heifers that are heavier at 12 and 18 months go into first heat at a younger age (Alencar et al., 1987). Recent studies in humans have shown that girls with a relatively higher body mass ...
... There is strong evidence that the onset of puberty is related to growth rate and the amount of body fat. Nellore heifers that are heavier at 12 and 18 months go into first heat at a younger age (Alencar et al., 1987). Recent studies in humans have shown that girls with a relatively higher body mass ...
Genetic Codes Explained
... An Allele is a form or version of a gene. An animal can have the same allele on both chromosomes (Homozygous) or different alleles (Heterozygous). Genes can have multiple alleles, such as the MCR1 MCR gene responsible for some of the red coat colour variations, however 2 is most common. An animal ca ...
... An Allele is a form or version of a gene. An animal can have the same allele on both chromosomes (Homozygous) or different alleles (Heterozygous). Genes can have multiple alleles, such as the MCR1 MCR gene responsible for some of the red coat colour variations, however 2 is most common. An animal ca ...
Better Living Through Genetics
... fact, the overwhelming majority of genetic differences between individuals are just as variable within small populations as they are across the entire world. Comparatively speaking, only a small handful of genetic signatures are more common in some human populations than in others. Nevertheless, the ...
... fact, the overwhelming majority of genetic differences between individuals are just as variable within small populations as they are across the entire world. Comparatively speaking, only a small handful of genetic signatures are more common in some human populations than in others. Nevertheless, the ...
quant - eweb.furman.edu
... - This quantifies the evolutionarily important genetic variance (heritability is also V(add)/V(phen), remember)? - So, through a series of selection experiments, we can determine how responsive a trait is to selective pressure. As selection proceeds, most variation is environmental or dominance and ...
... - This quantifies the evolutionarily important genetic variance (heritability is also V(add)/V(phen), remember)? - So, through a series of selection experiments, we can determine how responsive a trait is to selective pressure. As selection proceeds, most variation is environmental or dominance and ...
Reading the Book of Life: Contingency and Convergence
... happens to survive will gravitate toward the Good Moves in Design Space” (emphasis in original). “Replay the tape a thousand times,” Dennett claims, “and the Good Tricks will be found again and again” (308). What Dennett means by a “Good Trick” is not entirely clear, although given the context (and ...
... happens to survive will gravitate toward the Good Moves in Design Space” (emphasis in original). “Replay the tape a thousand times,” Dennett claims, “and the Good Tricks will be found again and again” (308). What Dennett means by a “Good Trick” is not entirely clear, although given the context (and ...
Population genetics
... gene or trait exists in a population. Genetic variation, which may cause evolutionary change, is ever-present. More information about polymorphism in general, and molecular polymorphism in particular, is given throughout the training module Using Molecular Marker Technology in Studies on Plant Genet ...
... gene or trait exists in a population. Genetic variation, which may cause evolutionary change, is ever-present. More information about polymorphism in general, and molecular polymorphism in particular, is given throughout the training module Using Molecular Marker Technology in Studies on Plant Genet ...
Simple allelic-phenotype diversity and differentiation
... different electrophoretic mobilities are present, three bands are visible because an interallele (hetero)dimer with intermediate mobility is formed (grey lines in the lower panels). For example, panel a shows three alleles (f, m, and s): lane one is genotype mm, lane two genotype ms, lane three is s ...
... different electrophoretic mobilities are present, three bands are visible because an interallele (hetero)dimer with intermediate mobility is formed (grey lines in the lower panels). For example, panel a shows three alleles (f, m, and s): lane one is genotype mm, lane two genotype ms, lane three is s ...
143KB - NZQA
... • discussed the significance of time and linked it to the low genetic diversity of the NZ fruit fly and compared it to the long established North American population • discussed the significance of the low population size on the low genetic diversity of the NZ population and compared it to the large ...
... • discussed the significance of time and linked it to the low genetic diversity of the NZ fruit fly and compared it to the long established North American population • discussed the significance of the low population size on the low genetic diversity of the NZ population and compared it to the large ...
Human genetics
... Review of what you've already known: Normal human nucleated cells contain 46 chromosomes arranged in 22 homologous pairs of autosomal chromosomes in addition to one pair of sex chromosomes that could be similar (i.e. XX) or different (i.e. XY). This arrangement into pairs, based on the position of t ...
... Review of what you've already known: Normal human nucleated cells contain 46 chromosomes arranged in 22 homologous pairs of autosomal chromosomes in addition to one pair of sex chromosomes that could be similar (i.e. XX) or different (i.e. XY). This arrangement into pairs, based on the position of t ...
Understanding Eye Color
... • “At least 42 apparently nonpathogenic variant alleles of the OCA2 gene have been identified in the literature, 22 of which are exonic; of these, 6 result in amino acid changes (see the Albinism Database). Some of these polymorphisms have markedly different frequencies in different populations, whi ...
... • “At least 42 apparently nonpathogenic variant alleles of the OCA2 gene have been identified in the literature, 22 of which are exonic; of these, 6 result in amino acid changes (see the Albinism Database). Some of these polymorphisms have markedly different frequencies in different populations, whi ...
Programming and Problem Solving with Java: Chapter 14
... Holland’s Schema Theorem, represented by the above formula, can be written as: Short, low order schemata which are fitter than the average fitness of the population will appear with exponentially increasing regularity in subsequent generations. This helps to explain why genetic algorithms work. It d ...
... Holland’s Schema Theorem, represented by the above formula, can be written as: Short, low order schemata which are fitter than the average fitness of the population will appear with exponentially increasing regularity in subsequent generations. This helps to explain why genetic algorithms work. It d ...
Human genetic variation
Human genetic variation is the genetic differences both within and among populations. There may be multiple variants of any given gene in the human population (genes), leading to polymorphism. Many genes are not polymorphic, meaning that only a single allele is present in the population: the gene is then said to be fixed. On average, in terms of DNA sequence all humans are 99.9% similar to any other humans.No two humans are genetically identical. Even monozygotic twins, who develop from one zygote, have infrequent genetic differences due to mutations occurring during development and gene copy-number variation. Differences between individuals, even closely related individuals, are the key to techniques such as genetic fingerprinting. Alleles occur at different frequencies in different human populations, with populations that are more geographically and ancestrally remote tending to differ more.Causes of differences between individuals include the exchange of genes during meiosis and various mutational events. There are at least two reasons why genetic variation exists between populations. Natural selection may confer an adaptive advantage to individuals in a specific environment if an allele provides a competitive advantage. Alleles under selection are likely to occur only in those geographic regions where they confer an advantage. The second main cause of genetic variation is due to the high degree of neutrality of most mutations. Most mutations do not appear to have any selective effect one way or the other on the organism. The main cause is genetic drift, this is the effect of random changes in the gene pool. In humans, founder effect and past small population size (increasing the likelihood of genetic drift) may have had an important influence in neutral differences between populations. The theory that humans recently migrated out of Africa supports this.The study of human genetic variation has both evolutionary significance and medical applications. It can help scientists understand ancient human population migrations as well as how different human groups are biologically related to one another. For medicine, study of human genetic variation may be important because some disease-causing alleles occur more often in people from specific geographic regions. New findings show that each human has on average 60 new mutations compared to their parents.Apart from mutations, many genes that may have aided humans in ancient times plague humans today. For example, it is suspected that genes that allow humans to more efficiently process food are those that make people susceptible to obesity and diabetes today.