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4. Course administrator
4. Course administrator

... 10 years so that it can be applied nowadays in several fields like medicine, genomics, proteomics, microbiology, protein chemistry, evolution, plant biology, biotechnology…etc. ...
Shaffer and Kipp
Shaffer and Kipp

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Biology Competency Exam Review Questions

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Archaea possess genes and several metabolic pathways

... archaeal phylum Crenarchaeotais closer than the relationship between the Euryarchaeotaand the phylum Crenarchaeota, and the presence of archaean­ like genes in certain bacteria, such as Thermotoga maritima, from horizontal gene transfer. The leading hypothesis is that the ancestor of the eukaryotes  ...
Biology Competency Exam Review Questions
Biology Competency Exam Review Questions

... B. Cooler temperatures cause more enzyme production. C. The enzyme is active in a specific temperature range. D. Heat allows the enzyme to break down white pigment. 29. Himalayan rabbits are white with black fur on their ears and the tips of their feet. If an icepack is placed on a rabbit’s back, th ...
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svhs lab biology unit #6 - Sonoma Valley High School

... UNIT OUTCOMES: A) Contrast phenotype and genotype, homozygous and heterozygous, dominant gene and recessive gene, and haploid and diploid. B) Predict the inheritance of traits in offspring involving one pair of genes. C) Predict the inheritance of traits in offspring involving two pairs of genes. D) ...
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Descent with modification, Fitness as a result of adaptation, and

... depends on the environment in which the organism lives. The fittest organism during an ice age, for example, is probably not the fittest genotype once the ice age is over. The fittest individual is not necessarily the strongest, fastest, or biggest. An organisms fitness includes its ability to survi ...
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recombinant dna technology

... THE SAME STICKY ENDS CARRIED BY THE FRAGMENTS • MIXING THE FRAGMENTS WITH THE CUT PLASMIDS ALLOWS BASE-PAIRING AT THE STICKY ENDS. • APPLICATION OF DNA LIGASE STABILIZES THE ATTACHMENT. • THE RECOMBINANT PLASMID IS THEN INTRODUCED INTO A BACTERIUM BY TRANSFORMATION ...
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Genetic engineering



Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification, is the direct manipulation of an organism's genome using biotechnology. It is therefore a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms. New DNA may be inserted in the host genome by first isolating and copying the genetic material of interest using molecular cloning methods to generate a DNA sequence, or by synthesizing the DNA, and then inserting this construct into the host organism. Genes may be removed, or ""knocked out"", using a nuclease. Gene targeting is a different technique that uses homologous recombination to change an endogenous gene, and can be used to delete a gene, remove exons, add a gene, or introduce point mutations.An organism that is generated through genetic engineering is considered to be a genetically modified organism (GMO). The first GMOs were bacteria generated in 1973 and GM mice in 1974. Insulin-producing bacteria were commercialized in 1982 and genetically modified food has been sold since 1994. Glofish, the first GMO designed as a pet, was first sold in the United States December in 2003.Genetic engineering techniques have been applied in numerous fields including research, agriculture, industrial biotechnology, and medicine. Enzymes used in laundry detergent and medicines such as insulin and human growth hormone are now manufactured in GM cells, experimental GM cell lines and GM animals such as mice or zebrafish are being used for research purposes, and genetically modified crops have been commercialized.
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