Transposon stability and a role for conjugational transfer in adaptive mutability
... presence of the inducer Tet (13). For the episomal allele, the analysis was carried in the presence of streptomycin (Sm), conditions in which conjugal transfer to scavenger cells is required for detection of reversion (10), because the lacI33carrying cells are sensitive to Sm and the scavenger cells ...
... presence of the inducer Tet (13). For the episomal allele, the analysis was carried in the presence of streptomycin (Sm), conditions in which conjugal transfer to scavenger cells is required for detection of reversion (10), because the lacI33carrying cells are sensitive to Sm and the scavenger cells ...
How to read “heritability” in the recipe approach to - Philsci
... Abstract There are two ways evolution by natural selection (ENS) is conceptualized in the literature. One provides a ‘recipe’ for ENS incorporating three ingredients: variation, differences in fitness and heritability. The other provides formal equations of evolutionary change and partitions out sel ...
... Abstract There are two ways evolution by natural selection (ENS) is conceptualized in the literature. One provides a ‘recipe’ for ENS incorporating three ingredients: variation, differences in fitness and heritability. The other provides formal equations of evolutionary change and partitions out sel ...
36 The Roots of Narcissus: Old and New Models of the Evolution of
... promise for explaining narcissism. Balancing selection occurs when two (or more) alternative strategies are seemingly viable. This is the case if the optima for traits differ between environ ments (Nettle 2006). For example, high levels of trait neuroticism might facilitate survi ...
... promise for explaining narcissism. Balancing selection occurs when two (or more) alternative strategies are seemingly viable. This is the case if the optima for traits differ between environ ments (Nettle 2006). For example, high levels of trait neuroticism might facilitate survi ...
Sources of inter- and intra-individual variation in basal metabolic
... the observation that birds spend much more energy per lifetime compared with a similarly sized mammal (Holmes and Ottinger 2003). Differences in production of ROS per O2 volume that is metabolized or in the ability to respond to the oxidative damage could weaken the correlation between lifespan and ...
... the observation that birds spend much more energy per lifetime compared with a similarly sized mammal (Holmes and Ottinger 2003). Differences in production of ROS per O2 volume that is metabolized or in the ability to respond to the oxidative damage could weaken the correlation between lifespan and ...
Tandem Genetic Duplications in Phage and Bacteria
... tion method should yield duplications that are the best indicators of the sizes and frequencies of spontaneous duplications. COINHERITANCE OF ALLELIC MARKERS A variety of detection schemes in volve genetic crosses that select for simultaneous inheritance of two alleles of a single locus. These alle ...
... tion method should yield duplications that are the best indicators of the sizes and frequencies of spontaneous duplications. COINHERITANCE OF ALLELIC MARKERS A variety of detection schemes in volve genetic crosses that select for simultaneous inheritance of two alleles of a single locus. These alle ...
... However, several significant interactions with asthma at 6 years of age were found (fig. 1). In the stratified analysis, children with the AA genotype of TLR4 rs2737190 were found to have an increased risk of developing asthma when colonised with H. parainfluenzae at preschool age (OR 0.25 (95% CI 0 ...
Genetics of hybrid incompatibility between Lycopersicon esculentum
... other forms of hybrid incompatibility (Wu and Davis 1993). While the biochemical basis of the third pattern--recessivity of hybrid incompatibility factors--is not well understood (Turelli and Orr 2000), recessivity of gene action directly influences the expression of hybrid-fitness phenotypes. For e ...
... other forms of hybrid incompatibility (Wu and Davis 1993). While the biochemical basis of the third pattern--recessivity of hybrid incompatibility factors--is not well understood (Turelli and Orr 2000), recessivity of gene action directly influences the expression of hybrid-fitness phenotypes. For e ...
Running title Variation in Barley Brassinosteroid
... 2012). In the present study, we additionally verified the allelic nature of ari-u.245 to the brh3 and ert-t groups by a cross between ari-u.245 and brh3.y. The F1 progeny, heterozygous for the parental mutations in Hv-BRD, clearly resembled the brassinosteroid-deficient phenotype (Figure 7A). We als ...
... 2012). In the present study, we additionally verified the allelic nature of ari-u.245 to the brh3 and ert-t groups by a cross between ari-u.245 and brh3.y. The F1 progeny, heterozygous for the parental mutations in Hv-BRD, clearly resembled the brassinosteroid-deficient phenotype (Figure 7A). We als ...
The Effect of Horizontal Gene Transfer on the Dynamics of
... ( j = 0 / 1 / − ) types. This process is modeled as a second-order collision reaction with a rate constant γ, which is also used in our equations in order to allow for errors in the conjugation and resistance genes that may be caused by faulty horizontal or vertical gene transfer. The conjugation pr ...
... ( j = 0 / 1 / − ) types. This process is modeled as a second-order collision reaction with a rate constant γ, which is also used in our equations in order to allow for errors in the conjugation and resistance genes that may be caused by faulty horizontal or vertical gene transfer. The conjugation pr ...
Mapping the genes that made maize
... locations identified by Mangelsdorf 7 do not always agree with those of Rogersa; however, both authors detected a factor(s) on chromosome 4 with a 'strong' effect on glume induration. This result was consistent for different types of teosinte and maize. The results of these linkage analyses often co ...
... locations identified by Mangelsdorf 7 do not always agree with those of Rogersa; however, both authors detected a factor(s) on chromosome 4 with a 'strong' effect on glume induration. This result was consistent for different types of teosinte and maize. The results of these linkage analyses often co ...
i. Genetics
... of all cells in all living organisms The kind of cell which is formed, (muscle, blood, nerve etc.) is controlled by DNA The kind of organism which is produced (giraffe, herring, human, etc.) is controlled by DNA ...
... of all cells in all living organisms The kind of cell which is formed, (muscle, blood, nerve etc.) is controlled by DNA The kind of organism which is produced (giraffe, herring, human, etc.) is controlled by DNA ...
Exceptionally high levels of recombination
... With the availability of improved genetic maps, we first analyzed the distribution of recombination rates throughout the genome. The genetic map used for genome assembly 3.1 spans 4553 cM, with a physical size of 238 Mb. Thus, the average genome-wide recombination rate is 19 cM/Mb, which is several ...
... With the availability of improved genetic maps, we first analyzed the distribution of recombination rates throughout the genome. The genetic map used for genome assembly 3.1 spans 4553 cM, with a physical size of 238 Mb. Thus, the average genome-wide recombination rate is 19 cM/Mb, which is several ...
Farmacia HOSPITALARIA
... and 12 hours after the dose, dose and weight-normalised; Cmax, maximum concentration observed; Css, average concentration in a state of equilibrium; Tmax, time taken to achieve the maximum observed concentration. The values are expressed as a median (first quartile -third quartile). For hypothesis c ...
... and 12 hours after the dose, dose and weight-normalised; Cmax, maximum concentration observed; Css, average concentration in a state of equilibrium; Tmax, time taken to achieve the maximum observed concentration. The values are expressed as a median (first quartile -third quartile). For hypothesis c ...
evolutionary genetics of resistance and tolerance to natural
... mechanisms underlying resistance and tolerance to rabbit herbivory? (3) Is tolerance to rabbit herbivory costly in the absence of damage? (4) What is the pattern of natural selection acting on resistance and tolerance in this species, and how sensitive are those patterns to the mean level of resista ...
... mechanisms underlying resistance and tolerance to rabbit herbivory? (3) Is tolerance to rabbit herbivory costly in the absence of damage? (4) What is the pattern of natural selection acting on resistance and tolerance in this species, and how sensitive are those patterns to the mean level of resista ...
Skipper/Millstein, “Evolutionary Mechanisms” - Philsci
... italics added). Futuyma, introducing evolutionary biology, says, “[t]he several mechanisms of evolution include natural selection, which accounts for the diverse adaptations of organisms to different environments” (Futuyma, 1986, p. 7; italics added). And Hartl and Clark say, “[t]he process of evolu ...
... italics added). Futuyma, introducing evolutionary biology, says, “[t]he several mechanisms of evolution include natural selection, which accounts for the diverse adaptations of organisms to different environments” (Futuyma, 1986, p. 7; italics added). And Hartl and Clark say, “[t]he process of evolu ...
Thinking About Evolutionary Mechanisms: Natural Selection
... italics added). Futuyma, introducing evolutionary biology, says, “[t]he several mechanisms of evolution include natural selection, which accounts for the diverse adaptations of organisms to different environments” (Futuyma, 1986, p. 7; italics added). And Hartl and Clark say, “[t]he process of evolu ...
... italics added). Futuyma, introducing evolutionary biology, says, “[t]he several mechanisms of evolution include natural selection, which accounts for the diverse adaptations of organisms to different environments” (Futuyma, 1986, p. 7; italics added). And Hartl and Clark say, “[t]he process of evolu ...
PowerPoint Presentation - No Slide Title
... – Epistasis (G X G effects between loci) – Environment (G X E effects) ...
... – Epistasis (G X G effects between loci) – Environment (G X E effects) ...
The Mean Between Meme and Gene Comparison
... example of bad philosophical arguments for a first year class, are passed on in a linked-loci fashion where a meme is attached to a fit meme, a comparison to a good philosophical argument. However, these examples do not imply an automatic or mindless passing along of information. Rather they show th ...
... example of bad philosophical arguments for a first year class, are passed on in a linked-loci fashion where a meme is attached to a fit meme, a comparison to a good philosophical argument. However, these examples do not imply an automatic or mindless passing along of information. Rather they show th ...
Functions of the nonsense-mediated RNA decay pathway in Drosophila development. PLoS Genetics 2 , 2143-2154.
... expression of green fluorescent protein and other transgenes. Mapping and molecular analyses show that photoshop mutations are loss-of-function mutations in the Drosophila homologs of NMD genes Upf1, Upf2, and Smg1. We find that Upf1 and Upf2 are broadly active during development, and they are requi ...
... expression of green fluorescent protein and other transgenes. Mapping and molecular analyses show that photoshop mutations are loss-of-function mutations in the Drosophila homologs of NMD genes Upf1, Upf2, and Smg1. We find that Upf1 and Upf2 are broadly active during development, and they are requi ...
Instruction Manual for “ChromoPainter: a copying model for
... ChromoPainter is a program to explore admixture in the Single-NucleotidePolymorphism (SNP) data of haplotypes sampled from multiple populations. In particular, ChromoPainter takes as input: (1) the SNP data for a set of admixed “recipient” chromosomes, (2) the SNP data for a set of “donor” chromosom ...
... ChromoPainter is a program to explore admixture in the Single-NucleotidePolymorphism (SNP) data of haplotypes sampled from multiple populations. In particular, ChromoPainter takes as input: (1) the SNP data for a set of admixed “recipient” chromosomes, (2) the SNP data for a set of “donor” chromosom ...
Postzygotic isolation in Drosophila simulans and D. mauritiana
... population comprising of organisms that are unable to mate and produce fertile offspring with other populations when given the opportunity (Mayr 1942). The BSC is possibly the most widely accepted definition of species (Coyne and Orr 2004); however, this definition is controversial due to certain dr ...
... population comprising of organisms that are unable to mate and produce fertile offspring with other populations when given the opportunity (Mayr 1942). The BSC is possibly the most widely accepted definition of species (Coyne and Orr 2004); however, this definition is controversial due to certain dr ...
Construction and Analysis of 2 Reciprocal Arabidopsis Introgression
... of chromosome IV) and to fine map a locus causing reduced fertility (subILs for top of chromosome V). With respect to fine mapping, we present a highly efficient and costeffective approach based on CelI endonuclease cleavage in one-well format, which can be used for both identification of polymorphi ...
... of chromosome IV) and to fine map a locus causing reduced fertility (subILs for top of chromosome V). With respect to fine mapping, we present a highly efficient and costeffective approach based on CelI endonuclease cleavage in one-well format, which can be used for both identification of polymorphi ...
Brooker Chapter 4
... At the molecular level, overdominance is due to two alleles that produce slightly different proteins But how can these two protein variants produce a favorable phenotype in the heterozygote Well, there are three possible explanations for overdominance at the molecular/cellular level ...
... At the molecular level, overdominance is due to two alleles that produce slightly different proteins But how can these two protein variants produce a favorable phenotype in the heterozygote Well, there are three possible explanations for overdominance at the molecular/cellular level ...
FREE Sample Here - We can offer most test bank and
... a. It is negative because mutation decreases chances for survival. b. It is positive because it provides variation for selection. c. It is neutral because variation does not matter in the long run. d. Mutation cannot be evaluated in these terms. ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 44 OTHER: Conceptual NOTES: Pick ...
... a. It is negative because mutation decreases chances for survival. b. It is positive because it provides variation for selection. c. It is neutral because variation does not matter in the long run. d. Mutation cannot be evaluated in these terms. ANSWER: b REFERENCES: 44 OTHER: Conceptual NOTES: Pick ...
The evolution of meiotic sex and its alternatives
... and functions of meiosis, however, are still under discussion, especially considering the costs of meiotic sex. To get a novel view on this old problem, we filter out the most conserved elements of meiosis itself by reviewing the various modifications and alterations of modes of reproduction. Our ra ...
... and functions of meiosis, however, are still under discussion, especially considering the costs of meiotic sex. To get a novel view on this old problem, we filter out the most conserved elements of meiosis itself by reviewing the various modifications and alterations of modes of reproduction. Our ra ...
Population genetics
Population genetics is the study of the distribution and change in frequency of alleles within populations, and as such it sits firmly within the field of evolutionary biology. The main processes of evolution (natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, mutation, and genetic recombination) form an integral part of the theory that underpins population genetics. Studies in this branch of biology examine such phenomena as adaptation, speciation, population subdivision, and population structure.Population genetics was a vital ingredient in the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis. Its primary founders were Sewall Wright, J. B. S. Haldane and Ronald Fisher, who also laid the foundations for the related discipline of quantitative genetics.Traditionally a highly mathematical discipline, modern population genetics encompasses theoretical, lab and field work. Computational approaches, often utilising coalescent theory, have played a central role since the 1980s.