superconducting qubits solid state qubits
... below the energy splitting between the ground and the excited states. As with the JJ qubits, the Boltzmann distribution gives high probability of occupying the ground state if the temperature is low enough. ...
... below the energy splitting between the ground and the excited states. As with the JJ qubits, the Boltzmann distribution gives high probability of occupying the ground state if the temperature is low enough. ...
View PDF - Adelphi University
... majority of the incident light. Second, the absorption starts to strongly saturate as the intensity is increased for each of the samples studied. Notice that the saturable absorption is represented by a negative value of , whereas a positive value would imply two-photon absorption. Finally, the mos ...
... majority of the incident light. Second, the absorption starts to strongly saturate as the intensity is increased for each of the samples studied. Notice that the saturable absorption is represented by a negative value of , whereas a positive value would imply two-photon absorption. Finally, the mos ...
ATOMIC, MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS J. Phys. B
... in connection with the approximation of the matrix element (5) in terms of quantum orbits. Obviously, the calculations are significantly facilitated if the (regularized) zero-range potential is used as the binding potential as we will do throughout this paper. For this case, explicit evaluations of ...
... in connection with the approximation of the matrix element (5) in terms of quantum orbits. Obviously, the calculations are significantly facilitated if the (regularized) zero-range potential is used as the binding potential as we will do throughout this paper. For this case, explicit evaluations of ...
Introduction
... left. The interferogram is the continuous sum, i.e. the integral, of all the interference patterns produced by each wavelength. This results in the intensity curve as function of the optical retardation shown in the second figure. At the zero path difference of the interferometer (x=0) all waveleng ...
... left. The interferogram is the continuous sum, i.e. the integral, of all the interference patterns produced by each wavelength. This results in the intensity curve as function of the optical retardation shown in the second figure. At the zero path difference of the interferometer (x=0) all waveleng ...
Mechanical mapping with chemical specificity by confocal Brillouin
... Brillouin spectra were collected with a microfocused setup26 using a tandem 3+3 Fabry-Perot interferometer.24 We used a single-mode Excelsior Diode-Pumped Solid-State (DPSS) laser with 532 nm wavelength and 5 mW output power measured at the sample. A Zeiss dark-field objective (numerical aperture 0. ...
... Brillouin spectra were collected with a microfocused setup26 using a tandem 3+3 Fabry-Perot interferometer.24 We used a single-mode Excelsior Diode-Pumped Solid-State (DPSS) laser with 532 nm wavelength and 5 mW output power measured at the sample. A Zeiss dark-field objective (numerical aperture 0. ...
R C.-T. Chen and F. Robicheaux
... describe multiphoton processes in atoms @1–11#. In particular, the Floquet approximation has proved to be successful for most experimental conditions where strong lasers interact with atoms or ions. There are several assumptions in the Floquet approximation. The typical duration of a modern short pu ...
... describe multiphoton processes in atoms @1–11#. In particular, the Floquet approximation has proved to be successful for most experimental conditions where strong lasers interact with atoms or ions. There are several assumptions in the Floquet approximation. The typical duration of a modern short pu ...
the PDF - JILA Science - University of Colorado Boulder
... and optical spectrum shifts from the a.c. Stark effect. A Fisher test performed for various model shifts on an extensive set of data (shown in Fig. 3a) demonstrated that the lattice shift is consistent only with a linear model to within 1s uncertainty (see Methods). For SrII we also took extra care ...
... and optical spectrum shifts from the a.c. Stark effect. A Fisher test performed for various model shifts on an extensive set of data (shown in Fig. 3a) demonstrated that the lattice shift is consistent only with a linear model to within 1s uncertainty (see Methods). For SrII we also took extra care ...
Polarization quantum beat spectroscopy of HCF„A˜1A …. II. Renner
... of the region of the K a ⫽1←0 subband of 2 40 , together with a simulated spectrum generated from the rotational constants determined by fitting unperturbed lines in the K a ⫽0←1 and 2←1 subbands.33 Two K a ⫽1←0 subbands are clearly observed, a situation similar to that found for 2 10 , where the pe ...
... of the region of the K a ⫽1←0 subband of 2 40 , together with a simulated spectrum generated from the rotational constants determined by fitting unperturbed lines in the K a ⫽0←1 and 2←1 subbands.33 Two K a ⫽1←0 subbands are clearly observed, a situation similar to that found for 2 10 , where the pe ...
Landau Levels in Graphene - Department of Theoretical Physics
... QED effects that cannot be tested in particle physics, but could be in graphene are also gedanken Klein paradox[4] (process of perfect tunneling of relativistic electrons through arbitrary high and wide barriers) and Zitterbewegung[5] (jittery movement of a relativistic electron due to interference ...
... QED effects that cannot be tested in particle physics, but could be in graphene are also gedanken Klein paradox[4] (process of perfect tunneling of relativistic electrons through arbitrary high and wide barriers) and Zitterbewegung[5] (jittery movement of a relativistic electron due to interference ...
test 3 practice
... ____ 36. What energy must be added or given off in a reaction where two hydrogen atoms and two neutrons are combined to form a helium atom? (Atomic masses for each: hydrogen, 1.007 825 u; neutron, 1.008 665 u; helium, 4.002 602 u; also, 1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2) a. 20.7 MeV added b. 20.7 MeV given off c. ...
... ____ 36. What energy must be added or given off in a reaction where two hydrogen atoms and two neutrons are combined to form a helium atom? (Atomic masses for each: hydrogen, 1.007 825 u; neutron, 1.008 665 u; helium, 4.002 602 u; also, 1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2) a. 20.7 MeV added b. 20.7 MeV given off c. ...
Photoelectron spectroscopy of chromium
... and they also investigated the possibility of forming metaldoped silicon nanotubes. Additionally, Mitas et al.34 carried out computational studies of the electronic structures of numerous transition metal atoms in Si12 hexagonal prism cages, finding the 18 electron rule to have only limited applicab ...
... and they also investigated the possibility of forming metaldoped silicon nanotubes. Additionally, Mitas et al.34 carried out computational studies of the electronic structures of numerous transition metal atoms in Si12 hexagonal prism cages, finding the 18 electron rule to have only limited applicab ...
18.1 Raman Scattering
... • scattering cross-sections are used to compare signal strengths from Rayleigh, Raman and fluorescence • several Raman spectra are examined that show interesting features ...
... • scattering cross-sections are used to compare signal strengths from Rayleigh, Raman and fluorescence • several Raman spectra are examined that show interesting features ...
Effect of Magnetic States on the Reactivity of an FCC(111) Iron Surface
... weak magnetic field can cause a change from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic spin ordering and increase ammonia adsorption by 50%.9,10 In the presence of a weak magnetic field, CO oxidation on nonmagnetic Pt catalysts supported on carbon coated magnetic Co particles was found to decrease by 10−14%.1 ...
... weak magnetic field can cause a change from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic spin ordering and increase ammonia adsorption by 50%.9,10 In the presence of a weak magnetic field, CO oxidation on nonmagnetic Pt catalysts supported on carbon coated magnetic Co particles was found to decrease by 10−14%.1 ...
Doppler-Free Spectroscopy MIT Department of Physics
... helps because it delays the atom’s return to the original state. The probability for such decay per unit time is Γ = τ1 . Since τ is 28 nsec for the 52 P3/2 state of Rb, the spontaneous decay rate here is Γ = 0.36 × 108 sec−1 . Suppose that the laser frequency ν exceeds the resonant frequency ν0 . I ...
... helps because it delays the atom’s return to the original state. The probability for such decay per unit time is Γ = τ1 . Since τ is 28 nsec for the 52 P3/2 state of Rb, the spontaneous decay rate here is Γ = 0.36 × 108 sec−1 . Suppose that the laser frequency ν exceeds the resonant frequency ν0 . I ...
Electromagnetic energy within a magnetic infinite cylinder and
... Interest in the study of magnetic materials and their optical properties has recently increased in the applied sciences. Applications of magnetic 2D and 3D photonic bandgaps (PBGs) [1–4], microwave filters, metamaterials [5], high density magnetic recording media [6], and weak localization of light ...
... Interest in the study of magnetic materials and their optical properties has recently increased in the applied sciences. Applications of magnetic 2D and 3D photonic bandgaps (PBGs) [1–4], microwave filters, metamaterials [5], high density magnetic recording media [6], and weak localization of light ...
Absorption and fluorescence spectra of poly
... the segment density for a single chain is very low; hence, * The volume expansion of HFIP over the temperature range is ...
... the segment density for a single chain is very low; hence, * The volume expansion of HFIP over the temperature range is ...
photons and atoms
... electrical properties (metal, semiconductor, insulator) are illustrated in Fig. 12.1-5. The lower energy levels in the solids (denoted Is, 2s, and 2p levels in this example) are similar to those of the isolated atom. They are not broadened because they are filled by core atomic electrons that are we ...
... electrical properties (metal, semiconductor, insulator) are illustrated in Fig. 12.1-5. The lower energy levels in the solids (denoted Is, 2s, and 2p levels in this example) are similar to those of the isolated atom. They are not broadened because they are filled by core atomic electrons that are we ...
Experimental test of beam splitter techniques
... plotted in Figure 5, used to estimate the contribution of different frequency components to the rms phase noise at the interferometer output, it results clear that also frequencies as low as 1 ...
... plotted in Figure 5, used to estimate the contribution of different frequency components to the rms phase noise at the interferometer output, it results clear that also frequencies as low as 1 ...
Efficient positronium laser excitation for antihydrogen production in a
... ~ of about 1 Tesla [4]. Ps atom resonances will then be broadened by Doppler strong field B effect because the atoms have random velocities of the order v ∼ 105 m/s at the 100 K reference temperature. Moreover the sublevels of a Rydberg excited state will be mixed and separated in energy by the moti ...
... ~ of about 1 Tesla [4]. Ps atom resonances will then be broadened by Doppler strong field B effect because the atoms have random velocities of the order v ∼ 105 m/s at the 100 K reference temperature. Moreover the sublevels of a Rydberg excited state will be mixed and separated in energy by the moti ...
DNA/RNA nucleotides and nucleosides: direct measurement of
... molecules are dominated by a non-radiative decay to a non-emitting state. Using streak cameras [6,19,20], several studies have attempted the resolution of these lifetimes, but found that the decays were within the time resolution of the apparatus. The time resolution of the streak-camera method is l ...
... molecules are dominated by a non-radiative decay to a non-emitting state. Using streak cameras [6,19,20], several studies have attempted the resolution of these lifetimes, but found that the decays were within the time resolution of the apparatus. The time resolution of the streak-camera method is l ...
PC 4421 Lecture 1: Nuclei and Nuclear Forces
... If we assume that a nucleon interacts with ALL the other nucleons in the nucleus then there should be A(A-1)/2 pairs of nuclei. Since the binding energy increases with the number of interactions BE ~ A(A-1)/2. Then BE/A would be linear, which it is but only roughly up to around A~10. The binding ene ...
... If we assume that a nucleon interacts with ALL the other nucleons in the nucleus then there should be A(A-1)/2 pairs of nuclei. Since the binding energy increases with the number of interactions BE ~ A(A-1)/2. Then BE/A would be linear, which it is but only roughly up to around A~10. The binding ene ...
The Chemistry of Excited States
... (LUMO). The HOMO-LUMO energy gap (E) typically determines the color of light we see transmitted through a solution. Transitions of an electron from lower-energy occupied orbitals or into higher-energy empty orbitals will necessarily require higher-energy photons. A second requirement for absorption ...
... (LUMO). The HOMO-LUMO energy gap (E) typically determines the color of light we see transmitted through a solution. Transitions of an electron from lower-energy occupied orbitals or into higher-energy empty orbitals will necessarily require higher-energy photons. A second requirement for absorption ...
Even-Odd Effect of 35Cl Quadrupole Coupling
... through (0,0,0) and (a 0 /2, a0 /2, 0), respectively. The coordinates of C, H, and N atoms are expressed as (x 1 , y1 , z1 ) for cation1 and (x 2 , y2 , z2 ) for cation2. Since the cations rotate about their long axes, and the averaged structure adopts a rod-like shape as displayed in Fig. 4(b), the ...
... through (0,0,0) and (a 0 /2, a0 /2, 0), respectively. The coordinates of C, H, and N atoms are expressed as (x 1 , y1 , z1 ) for cation1 and (x 2 , y2 , z2 ) for cation2. Since the cations rotate about their long axes, and the averaged structure adopts a rod-like shape as displayed in Fig. 4(b), the ...
Intersublevel optical transitions in InAs nanocrystals probed by photoinduced absorption spectroscopy:
... Optical transitions between the quantized sublevels of colloidally synthesized InAs nanocrystals have been revealed using infrared photoinduced absorption spectroscopy. Two different groups of intersublevel transitions were observed. Using a correlation between the measured transition energies and e ...
... Optical transitions between the quantized sublevels of colloidally synthesized InAs nanocrystals have been revealed using infrared photoinduced absorption spectroscopy. Two different groups of intersublevel transitions were observed. Using a correlation between the measured transition energies and e ...
Reflection of a Ray of Light Introduction: Purpose
... A "medium" refers to any change in the substance which interacts with the light. Some mediums are transparent meaning that _________________________, some mediums are translucent meaning that ________________________, and some mediums are opaque meaning that ________________________. Provide an ...
... A "medium" refers to any change in the substance which interacts with the light. Some mediums are transparent meaning that _________________________, some mediums are translucent meaning that ________________________, and some mediums are opaque meaning that ________________________. Provide an ...
Mössbauer spectroscopy
Mössbauer spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique based on the Mössbauer effect. This effect, discovered by Rudolf Mössbauer in 1957, consists in the recoil-free, resonant absorption and emission of gamma rays in solids.Like NMR spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy probes tiny changes in the energy levels of an atomic nucleus in response to its environment. Typically, three types of nuclear interactions may be observed: an isomeric shift, also known as a chemical shift; quadrupole splitting; and magnetic or hyperfine splitting, also known as the Zeeman effect. Due to the high energy and extremely narrow line widths of gamma rays, Mössbauer spectroscopy is a very sensitive technique in terms of energy (and hence frequency) resolution, capable of detecting change in just a few parts per 1011.