CuCoFe
... Superalloy-ni1.wrl Chromium (Cr) is shown in blue Titanium (Ti) is shown in red Niobium (Nb) is shown in green Molybdenum (Mo) is shown in yellow Aluminum (Al) is shown in cyan This dataset is an analysis of an annealed Nickel superalloy, a common metal used in jet engine turbines. Understanding the ...
... Superalloy-ni1.wrl Chromium (Cr) is shown in blue Titanium (Ti) is shown in red Niobium (Nb) is shown in green Molybdenum (Mo) is shown in yellow Aluminum (Al) is shown in cyan This dataset is an analysis of an annealed Nickel superalloy, a common metal used in jet engine turbines. Understanding the ...
PDF
... one has to apply this pulse to many such qubits, with a potentially different P for each (e.g., because the pulses are applied at different times or the qubits are spatially sepa1050-2947/2004/69(3)/032308(4)/$22.50 ...
... one has to apply this pulse to many such qubits, with a potentially different P for each (e.g., because the pulses are applied at different times or the qubits are spatially sepa1050-2947/2004/69(3)/032308(4)/$22.50 ...
Paper
... A metastable system trapped in a local minimum of the free energy can decay to lower energy states in two ways. Classically, the system may decay by acquiring thermal energy greater than the depth of the local energy well (the activation energy). However, even in the absence of thermal fluctuations, ...
... A metastable system trapped in a local minimum of the free energy can decay to lower energy states in two ways. Classically, the system may decay by acquiring thermal energy greater than the depth of the local energy well (the activation energy). However, even in the absence of thermal fluctuations, ...
original Word doc (no figures)
... On account of its conceptual simplicity, computational convenience, and adequate accuracy, the Hartree-Fock self-consistent-field approximation has exerted a dominating influence on the evolution of atomic and molecular electronic structure studies. Indeed its single-particle terminology (e.g. orbit ...
... On account of its conceptual simplicity, computational convenience, and adequate accuracy, the Hartree-Fock self-consistent-field approximation has exerted a dominating influence on the evolution of atomic and molecular electronic structure studies. Indeed its single-particle terminology (e.g. orbit ...
Assistance Lecturer Amjad Ahmed Jumaa Writing electron
... follow the four rules or guidelines given below: 1-The electron configuration of all elements except hydrogen and helium are represented by a noble gas core , which shows in (brackets) the noble gas element that most nearly precedes the element being considered. The noble gas core is followed by the ...
... follow the four rules or guidelines given below: 1-The electron configuration of all elements except hydrogen and helium are represented by a noble gas core , which shows in (brackets) the noble gas element that most nearly precedes the element being considered. The noble gas core is followed by the ...
Energy
... 3) Hund’s rule - Electrons add in such a way as to make as many of the electrons as possible “spin up” (ms = 1/2). Electron configuration - A list of each electron containing orbital, in order of energy. A superscript to the right of the orbital is used to indicate how many electrons are present in ...
... 3) Hund’s rule - Electrons add in such a way as to make as many of the electrons as possible “spin up” (ms = 1/2). Electron configuration - A list of each electron containing orbital, in order of energy. A superscript to the right of the orbital is used to indicate how many electrons are present in ...
ON THE SHAPES OF ATOMS
... one (of spherical symmetry) ( 3 ) and it is not surprising that p T so calculated is angularly independent. Although instantaneous electron repulsions do not possess spherical symmetry, they cannot lead to a preferred direction in the atom and, consequently, to any change in shape. In' fact, one can ...
... one (of spherical symmetry) ( 3 ) and it is not surprising that p T so calculated is angularly independent. Although instantaneous electron repulsions do not possess spherical symmetry, they cannot lead to a preferred direction in the atom and, consequently, to any change in shape. In' fact, one can ...
Bound states in inhomogeneous magnetic field in graphene
... studies of bilayer graphene11,27 have shown that an electrondensity-dependent gap can exist between the otherwise degenerate valence and conductance bands 共described by H−2 and H+2 , respectively, in our semiclassical formalism兲. Assuming that the gap is spatially constant, one can take it into acco ...
... studies of bilayer graphene11,27 have shown that an electrondensity-dependent gap can exist between the otherwise degenerate valence and conductance bands 共described by H−2 and H+2 , respectively, in our semiclassical formalism兲. Assuming that the gap is spatially constant, one can take it into acco ...
Basic physics of high harmonic generation (HHG)
... Following escape (ionisation) the electron moves predominately under the influence of the strong laser field - which accelerates the electron to a high energy (of order Up, i.e. 65eV for an 800nm laser at 1015Wcm-2 ). The when the field reverses the electron may be driven back to recollide with the ...
... Following escape (ionisation) the electron moves predominately under the influence of the strong laser field - which accelerates the electron to a high energy (of order Up, i.e. 65eV for an 800nm laser at 1015Wcm-2 ). The when the field reverses the electron may be driven back to recollide with the ...
Isotope Shift of Hydrogen and Deuterium
... the energy levels. The allowed transitions are given by the selection rules, which are determined from the conservation laws to which the transitions need to comply. (i: initial state of the atom, f : final state of the atom): ...
... the energy levels. The allowed transitions are given by the selection rules, which are determined from the conservation laws to which the transitions need to comply. (i: initial state of the atom, f : final state of the atom): ...
The Atom and Its Properties
... Albert Einstein (18791955) proposed that while a beam of light had wavelike characteristics, it also can be thought of as a stream of tiny particles (or bundles of energy) called photons • Each photon carries a quantum of energy ...
... Albert Einstein (18791955) proposed that while a beam of light had wavelike characteristics, it also can be thought of as a stream of tiny particles (or bundles of energy) called photons • Each photon carries a quantum of energy ...
Theoretical calculations of dielectronic recombination in crossed electric and magnetic... D. C. Griffin F. Robicheaux and M. S. Pindzola
... 12 V/cm and a magnetic field of 24 G. These field strengths were chosen so as to match the fields in the experimental measurements of Savin et al. @20#. The diagonalizations were carried out on all states of a given principle quantum number up to n520 and then separately for each of the two values o ...
... 12 V/cm and a magnetic field of 24 G. These field strengths were chosen so as to match the fields in the experimental measurements of Savin et al. @20#. The diagonalizations were carried out on all states of a given principle quantum number up to n520 and then separately for each of the two values o ...
Quantum Spin Hall Effect in Graphene
... the spin Hall effects studied for three-dimensional cubic systems in Ref. [5] because it leads to a phase which is topologically distinct from a band insulator. The QSH effect in graphene resembles the charge quantum Hall effect, and we will show that spin and charge currents can be transported in g ...
... the spin Hall effects studied for three-dimensional cubic systems in Ref. [5] because it leads to a phase which is topologically distinct from a band insulator. The QSH effect in graphene resembles the charge quantum Hall effect, and we will show that spin and charge currents can be transported in g ...
Effective mass of electron in monolayer graphene: Electron
... The Hall mobility of electrons in the graphene sample increases monotonically with a decreasing temperature from room temperature, begins to level off at about 100 K, and saturates at about 50 K (see Fig. 1). This behavior reflects the 2D character of the electrons in the channel.26 Figure 3 shows a ...
... The Hall mobility of electrons in the graphene sample increases monotonically with a decreasing temperature from room temperature, begins to level off at about 100 K, and saturates at about 50 K (see Fig. 1). This behavior reflects the 2D character of the electrons in the channel.26 Figure 3 shows a ...
Chp9PertubationTimeDep
... not designed to be used independently. Notation: The choice of letters originates from a now-obsolete system of categorizing spectral lines as "sharp", "principal", "diffuse" and "fine", based on their observed fine structure: their modern usage indicates orbitals with an azimuthal quantum number, l ...
... not designed to be used independently. Notation: The choice of letters originates from a now-obsolete system of categorizing spectral lines as "sharp", "principal", "diffuse" and "fine", based on their observed fine structure: their modern usage indicates orbitals with an azimuthal quantum number, l ...
Creating and Controlling Magnetic Fields to Trap Ultracold Atoms
... 1.1 A brief history of ultracold atoms The curious quantum world of the atom becomes apparent when atoms are trapped and studied at very low temperatures where the wavelength of the matter is comparable to the spacing between particles. In this regime, we observe phenomena such as condensation, dege ...
... 1.1 A brief history of ultracold atoms The curious quantum world of the atom becomes apparent when atoms are trapped and studied at very low temperatures where the wavelength of the matter is comparable to the spacing between particles. In this regime, we observe phenomena such as condensation, dege ...
Ferromagnetism
Not to be confused with Ferrimagnetism; for an overview see Magnetism.Ferromagnetism is the basic mechanism by which certain materials (such as iron) form permanent magnets, or are attracted to magnets. In physics, several different types of magnetism are distinguished. Ferromagnetism (including ferrimagnetism) is the strongest type: it is the only one that typically creates forces strong enough to be felt, and is responsible for the common phenomena of magnetism in magnets encountered in everyday life. Substances respond weakly to magnetic fields with three other types of magnetism, paramagnetism, diamagnetism, and antiferromagnetism, but the forces are usually so weak that they can only be detected by sensitive instruments in a laboratory. An everyday example of ferromagnetism is a refrigerator magnet used to hold notes on a refrigerator door. The attraction between a magnet and ferromagnetic material is ""the quality of magnetism first apparent to the ancient world, and to us today"".Permanent magnets (materials that can be magnetized by an external magnetic field and remain magnetized after the external field is removed) are either ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic, as are other materials that are noticeably attracted to them. Only a few substances are ferromagnetic. The common ones are iron, nickel, cobalt and most of their alloys, some compounds of rare earth metals, and a few naturally-occurring minerals such as lodestone.Ferromagnetism is very important in industry and modern technology, and is the basis for many electrical and electromechanical devices such as electromagnets, electric motors, generators, transformers, and magnetic storage such as tape recorders, and hard disks.