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dc voltage measurements
dc voltage measurements

... CAUTION: Do not measure AC voltages if a motor on the circuit is being switched ON or OFF. Large voltage surges may occur that can damage the meter. 1. Set the function switch to the green VAC/Hz/% position. 2. Insert the black test lead banana plug into the negative COM jack. Insert red test lead b ...
Static Var Compensator is system for the incresing power of qu
Static Var Compensator is system for the incresing power of qu

Performance of Relaying During Wide-area Stressed
Performance of Relaying During Wide-area Stressed

... Opportunities and Challenges ...
MAX9945 38V, Low-Noise, MOS-Input, Low-Power Op Amp General Description
MAX9945 38V, Low-Noise, MOS-Input, Low-Power Op Amp General Description

... High-impedance sensors can output signals of interest in either current or voltage form. The MAX9945 interfaces to both current-output sensors such as photodiodes and potentiostat sensors, and high-impedance voltage sources such as pH sensors. For current-output sensors, a transimpedance amplifier i ...
LTC4355 Positive High Voltage Ideal Diode
LTC4355 Positive High Voltage Ideal Diode

Design Guide for QR Flyback Converter
Design Guide for QR Flyback Converter

... Where: Ipripk- Primary peak current, Lpri- Primary inductance, VRp- Primary reflected voltage (Vout x Np/Ns), Vin- Input voltage and CD-Total capacitance on the drain node In this equation it can also be seen that increasing the input voltage will also increase the switching frequency while a the it ...
Transient Overvoltage Protection
Transient Overvoltage Protection

... Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is a widely recognized hazard during manufacturing, shipping and handling of many semiconductor devices, especially those that contain unprotected MOSFETs, semiconductors for use at microwave frequencies and very high speed logic with swit ...
FAN6747WL Highly Integrated Green-Mode PWM Controller FAN6747WL — Highly Integra
FAN6747WL Highly Integrated Green-Mode PWM Controller FAN6747WL — Highly Integra

... it is, the PWM latches off for SCP. If VDD is higher than 10V; it keeps counting to 215ms, then the PWM latches off for OCP. FAN6747WL also integrates a frequency-hopping function that helps reduce EMI emission of a power supply with minimum line filters. The built-in synchronized slope compensation ...
SPECIFICATION FOR 132kV STATION CLASS SURGE
SPECIFICATION FOR 132kV STATION CLASS SURGE

... The 132 kV station class Gapless Surge Arrestors (for outdoor use) shall be of the metal oxide type using Zinc oxide resistor blocks of non linear characteristic without air gap. They shall comply IEC 99-4 and shall be entirely suitable for operation under the system conditions specified; including ...
BD00KA5WF
BD00KA5WF

AP5004  PWM CONTROL 2.5A STEP-DOWN CONVERTER Description
AP5004 PWM CONTROL 2.5A STEP-DOWN CONVERTER Description

... enable function, an over-current protect function, and a short circuit protect function are built inside, and when OCP or SCP happens, the operation frequency will be reduced from 300 KHz to 50 KHz. Also, an internal compensation block has been designed in to minimize the external component count. W ...
LTC4355 Positive High Voltage Ideal Diode
LTC4355 Positive High Voltage Ideal Diode

1 DIODE CHARACTERISTICS
1 DIODE CHARACTERISTICS

... voltage, the positive terminal of the power supply will attract electrons, whereas the negative terminal will repel electrons. The electrons in the n-type semiconductor will thus cross the p-n junction and enter the p-type semiconductor to combine with the holes. Many holes are generated in the n-ty ...
LMV232 Dual-Channel Integrated Mean Square Power Detector for
LMV232 Dual-Channel Integrated Mean Square Power Detector for

... The LMV232 is especially suited for CDMA and WCDMA applications with 2 Power Amplifiers (PA’s). A typical setup is given in Figure 21. The output power of one PA is measured at a time, depending on the bandselect pin (BS). If the BS = High RFIN1 is used for measurements, if BS = Low RFIN2 is used. T ...
TUMBLER POWER SWITCHES
TUMBLER POWER SWITCHES

S240-93-1
S240-93-1

... and serviced only by personnel familiar with good safety practice and the handling of high-voltage electrical equipment. ...
A Draft Standard Glossary of Power Quality - Working Group
A Draft Standard Glossary of Power Quality - Working Group

... The totality of electromagnetic phenomena existing at a given location. Source: [2] This is the environment to which a system or device is exposed and considers all phenomena likely to be encountered at that location during its lifetime. For example, the electromagnetic environment for outdoor bus s ...


... The Duke Energy Florida (DEF) transmission network (grid) system supplies the off-site ac power for the LNP 1 and LNP 2 via a common switchyard. The connections of LNP 1, LNP 2, the switchyard, and the 500 kV transmission system are shown in Figures 8.2-201 and 8.2-202 respectively. The common 500 k ...
BD48E23G-M
BD48E23G-M

... Please note that the power on reset output varies with the VDD rise time. Please verify the behavior in the actual operation. 12) Testing on application boards When testing the IC on an application board, connecting a capacitor directly to a low-impedance output pin may subject the IC to stress. Alw ...
ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND NETWORKS
ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND NETWORKS

... 2. To draw V-I characteristics of an UJT and to use UJT as relaxation oscillator. 3. To study the effect of free-wheeling diode on power factor for single phase halfwave rectifier with R-L load. 4. To plot waveforms for output voltage and current, for single phase full-wave, fully controlled bridge ...
BD6967FVM
BD6967FVM

... Back electromotive force causes regenerated current to power supply line, therefore take a measure such as placing a capacitor between power supply and GND for routing regenerated current. And fully ensure that the capacitor characteristics have no problem before determine a capacitor value. (when a ...
Three-Level Inverter-Based Shunt Active Power Filter in Three
Three-Level Inverter-Based Shunt Active Power Filter in Three

Nonisolated High Step-Up Stacked Converter Based on Boost
Nonisolated High Step-Up Stacked Converter Based on Boost

... remains [16]. Active clamping approaches also resolve these problems and reduce switching losses, but leads to a complex structure with increased number of switches [17], [18]. In this paper, to obtain a high step-up capability with high efficiency, an alternative structure based on isolated-type co ...
Combination Motor Control Units
Combination Motor Control Units

... Overload relays are rated by a trip class, which defines the length of time it will take for the relay to trip in an overload condition. The most common trip classes are Class 10, Class 20 and Class 30. Class 10, for example, has to trip the motor off line in 10 seconds or less at 600% of the full l ...
Owner`s Manual
Owner`s Manual

... PRO AVS 2000 stabilizes these voltage fluctuations, delivering a consistent 120 volts to all of your high power devices so that they can maintain the stability needed to deliver peak power and performance. You’ll enjoy the smoothest, most natural sound and the sharpest, brightest picture possible. A ...
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Electrical substation



A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels.Substations may be owned and operated by an electrical utility, or may be owned by a large industrial or commercial customer. Generally substations are unattended, relying on SCADA for remote supervision and control.A substation may include transformers to change voltage levels between high transmission voltages and lower distribution voltages, or at the interconnection of two different transmission voltages. The word substation comes from the days before the distribution system became a grid. As central generation stations became larger, smaller generating plants were converted to distribution stations, receiving their energy supply from a larger plant instead of using their own generators. The first substations were connected to only one power station, where the generators were housed, and were subsidiaries of that power station.
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