precautions in the application of reed switches
... controllers, timers and telemeter systems. In addition they are suitable for control of small relays and solidstate relays. Reed switches are not suitable for control of inductive loads such as electric motors, (even very small DC motors). They are also not suitable for control of high wattage conta ...
... controllers, timers and telemeter systems. In addition they are suitable for control of small relays and solidstate relays. Reed switches are not suitable for control of inductive loads such as electric motors, (even very small DC motors). They are also not suitable for control of high wattage conta ...
FL7930C Single-Stage Flyback and Boundary-Mode PFC Controller for Lighting
... does not need rectified AC line voltage information, it saves the power loss of an input voltage-sensing network necessary for a current-mode CRM PFC controller. FL7930C provides over-voltage protection (OVP), openfeedback protection, over-current protection (OCP), input-voltage-absent detection, an ...
... does not need rectified AC line voltage information, it saves the power loss of an input voltage-sensing network necessary for a current-mode CRM PFC controller. FL7930C provides over-voltage protection (OVP), openfeedback protection, over-current protection (OCP), input-voltage-absent detection, an ...
Online risk-based security assessment
... be used in OL-RBSA. First, the severity function should reflect the consequence of the contingency and loading condition, rather than the consequences of an operator’s decision. For example, operator-initiated load curtailment or redispatch reflects the consequence of the operator’s decision to inte ...
... be used in OL-RBSA. First, the severity function should reflect the consequence of the contingency and loading condition, rather than the consequences of an operator’s decision. For example, operator-initiated load curtailment or redispatch reflects the consequence of the operator’s decision to inte ...
Basic Electric Transformers
... for all students working in groups of, say, four or five to a team. The students can decide for themselves whether they help assemble the transformer “core” or to help wind the two coils. (Note that all these components can be re-used many times over, so there is no wastage). See Figs 8 – 13. Depend ...
... for all students working in groups of, say, four or five to a team. The students can decide for themselves whether they help assemble the transformer “core” or to help wind the two coils. (Note that all these components can be re-used many times over, so there is no wastage). See Figs 8 – 13. Depend ...
Atmel LED Driver-MSL3162 Datasheet Brief Power Control and 1MHz I
... Note 5. A master device must internally provide an SDA hold time of at least 300ns to ensure an SCL low state Note 6. The maximum SDA and SCL rise times are 300ns. The maximum SDA fall time is 250ns. This allows series protection resistors to be connected between SDA and SCL inputs and the SDA/SCL ...
... Note 5. A master device must internally provide an SDA hold time of at least 300ns to ensure an SCL low state Note 6. The maximum SDA and SCL rise times are 300ns. The maximum SDA fall time is 250ns. This allows series protection resistors to be connected between SDA and SCL inputs and the SDA/SCL ...
Commercial Spa Blower Selection Guide
... 4. A check valve with a very low pressure drop should be placed in an accessible location, close to the spa (A). 5. Piping to the spa should be 2” or greater. On runs longer than 50’, the first 25’ should be 2.5” minimum and the blower size may need to be increased due to pressure drops over longe ...
... 4. A check valve with a very low pressure drop should be placed in an accessible location, close to the spa (A). 5. Piping to the spa should be 2” or greater. On runs longer than 50’, the first 25’ should be 2.5” minimum and the blower size may need to be increased due to pressure drops over longe ...
SOLAR POWER SUPPLY MODELS BPSS-10 AND BPSS
... DO NOT short circuit the PV array or load while connected to the controller. This will DAMAGE the controller. The controller should be protected from direct sunlight. Ensure adequate space for air flow around the controller. The negative system conductor should be properly grounded. All ground ...
... DO NOT short circuit the PV array or load while connected to the controller. This will DAMAGE the controller. The controller should be protected from direct sunlight. Ensure adequate space for air flow around the controller. The negative system conductor should be properly grounded. All ground ...
operation modes of full-bridge voltage
... On the contrary, the switch turn-on takes place at very disadvantageous conditions – at full current and voltage equal to supply voltage. Additionally, high reverse-recovery diode current spikes flows also through the switches that have been turned-on (this is not seen in Fig. 6, because the element ...
... On the contrary, the switch turn-on takes place at very disadvantageous conditions – at full current and voltage equal to supply voltage. Additionally, high reverse-recovery diode current spikes flows also through the switches that have been turned-on (this is not seen in Fig. 6, because the element ...
TS1003 - Silicon Labs
... range possible and maximizes the dynamic range of the system. Also, with its low supply current of 0.6μA, this circuit consumes a quiescent current of only ~1.3μA, yet it still exhibits a 1-kHz bandwidth at a circuit gain of 2. Driving Capacitive Loads While the TS1003’s internal gain-bandwidth prod ...
... range possible and maximizes the dynamic range of the system. Also, with its low supply current of 0.6μA, this circuit consumes a quiescent current of only ~1.3μA, yet it still exhibits a 1-kHz bandwidth at a circuit gain of 2. Driving Capacitive Loads While the TS1003’s internal gain-bandwidth prod ...
Extending the MFJ-927 to 160-Meters
... can be very high. It is always a good idea to provide a fence around a ground-mounted vertical antenna if children or pets could come in contact with the antenna while you might be operating. With the especially high voltages available on electrically short antennas, a fence is even more prudent! Co ...
... can be very high. It is always a good idea to provide a fence around a ground-mounted vertical antenna if children or pets could come in contact with the antenna while you might be operating. With the especially high voltages available on electrically short antennas, a fence is even more prudent! Co ...
Application Note AN4146 Design Guidelines for Quasi-Resonant Converters )
... losses. Therefore determine fsmin by a trade-off between switching losses and transformer size. Typically, fsmin is set to be around 25kHz. • The falling time of the MOSFET drain voltage (TF) : As shown in Figure 5, the MOSFET drain voltage fall time is half of the resonant period of the MOSFET’s ef ...
... losses. Therefore determine fsmin by a trade-off between switching losses and transformer size. Typically, fsmin is set to be around 25kHz. • The falling time of the MOSFET drain voltage (TF) : As shown in Figure 5, the MOSFET drain voltage fall time is half of the resonant period of the MOSFET’s ef ...
2615 4 Point Probe App Note.indd
... Building an electrostatic shield to enclose the sensitive circuitry can minimize the effects of these fields. The shield is made from a conductive material and is always connected to the low impedance terminal of the instrument. The cabling in the circuit must also be shielded. • Leakage Current. Fo ...
... Building an electrostatic shield to enclose the sensitive circuitry can minimize the effects of these fields. The shield is made from a conductive material and is always connected to the low impedance terminal of the instrument. The cabling in the circuit must also be shielded. • Leakage Current. Fo ...
MiCOM P12x/y - ElectricalManuals.net
... In addition to the residual current, the residual voltage must be connected to a dedicated input or internally calculated as vector sum (P127 only) in order to make possible the directional operation. Each earth-fault directional stage measures the residual current, the residual voltage, and the ang ...
... In addition to the residual current, the residual voltage must be connected to a dedicated input or internally calculated as vector sum (P127 only) in order to make possible the directional operation. Each earth-fault directional stage measures the residual current, the residual voltage, and the ang ...
BD1482EFJ
... ・The thermal Pad on the back side of IC has the great thermal conduction to the chip. So using the GND plain as broad and wide as possible can help thermal dissipation. And a lot of thermal via for helping the spread of heat to the different layer is also effective. ・The input capacitors should be c ...
... ・The thermal Pad on the back side of IC has the great thermal conduction to the chip. So using the GND plain as broad and wide as possible can help thermal dissipation. And a lot of thermal via for helping the spread of heat to the different layer is also effective. ・The input capacitors should be c ...
Transmission Lines
... Because Ey is non-zero on either side of the interface, it follows that the left-hand side of Eq. (11.3.1) cannot be zero and the wave cannot be assumed to be strictly TEM. However, Ey is small in both the air and the dielectric in the fringing regions (to the left and right of the upper conductor). ...
... Because Ey is non-zero on either side of the interface, it follows that the left-hand side of Eq. (11.3.1) cannot be zero and the wave cannot be assumed to be strictly TEM. However, Ey is small in both the air and the dielectric in the fringing regions (to the left and right of the upper conductor). ...
J.M. Rivas, O. Leitermann, Y. Han, and D.J. Perreault, “A Very High Frequency dc-dc Converter Based on a Class Phi-2 Resonant Inverter,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , Vol. 26, No. 10, pp. 2980-2992, Oct. 2011.
... floating sources (owing to capacitive currents) so designs having switches with their control ports referenced to constant potentials are often preferred. Likewise, it is often preferable to design inverters using only one semiconductor switch because of the difficulty of accurately commutating amon ...
... floating sources (owing to capacitive currents) so designs having switches with their control ports referenced to constant potentials are often preferred. Likewise, it is often preferable to design inverters using only one semiconductor switch because of the difficulty of accurately commutating amon ...
KSC2073 NPN Epitaxial Silicon Transistor KSC2073 — NPN Ep it
... Distributors who are listed by country on our web page cited above. Products customers buy either from Fairchild directly or from Authorized Fairchild Distributors are genuine parts, have full traceability, meet Fairchild's quality standards for handling and storage and provide access to Fairchild's ...
... Distributors who are listed by country on our web page cited above. Products customers buy either from Fairchild directly or from Authorized Fairchild Distributors are genuine parts, have full traceability, meet Fairchild's quality standards for handling and storage and provide access to Fairchild's ...
grid stds
... • The shift staff shall be trained to make them through in carrying out operations at each SS and every person concerned with real time operation shall be trained. • Every grid operator shall undergo training in real time digital simulator and a refresher course at least once in two years. • The mai ...
... • The shift staff shall be trained to make them through in carrying out operations at each SS and every person concerned with real time operation shall be trained. • Every grid operator shall undergo training in real time digital simulator and a refresher course at least once in two years. • The mai ...
AN45 - Measurement and Control Circuit Collection
... to 4.06mV over a sensed 0°C to 100°C range (type K slope is 40.6μV/°C). The remaining components form a voltageto-frequency converter that directly converts this millivolt level signal without the usual DC gain stage. A1’s negative input is biased by the thermocouple. A1’s output drives a crude V-F ...
... to 4.06mV over a sensed 0°C to 100°C range (type K slope is 40.6μV/°C). The remaining components form a voltageto-frequency converter that directly converts this millivolt level signal without the usual DC gain stage. A1’s negative input is biased by the thermocouple. A1’s output drives a crude V-F ...
EC21 Power-Through Module Specification
... on the face plate of the dimmer module so that the trip current is not affected by ambient or rack temperature. The circuit breaker shall be rated for tungsten loads having an inrush rating of no less than 20 times normal current and shall disconnect the power to the dimmer module before damage can ...
... on the face plate of the dimmer module so that the trip current is not affected by ambient or rack temperature. The circuit breaker shall be rated for tungsten loads having an inrush rating of no less than 20 times normal current and shall disconnect the power to the dimmer module before damage can ...
EMMI LAB Laboratory
... lumped parameters, the windings of transformers and chokes, and inductance coils. Their principle of operation depends on the method of measurement. The “voltmeter-ammeter” method (Figure 1) is used for measuring relatively large inductances (from 0.1 to 1,000 henrys [H]) when the resistance of the ...
... lumped parameters, the windings of transformers and chokes, and inductance coils. Their principle of operation depends on the method of measurement. The “voltmeter-ammeter” method (Figure 1) is used for measuring relatively large inductances (from 0.1 to 1,000 henrys [H]) when the resistance of the ...
Electrical substation
A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels.Substations may be owned and operated by an electrical utility, or may be owned by a large industrial or commercial customer. Generally substations are unattended, relying on SCADA for remote supervision and control.A substation may include transformers to change voltage levels between high transmission voltages and lower distribution voltages, or at the interconnection of two different transmission voltages. The word substation comes from the days before the distribution system became a grid. As central generation stations became larger, smaller generating plants were converted to distribution stations, receiving their energy supply from a larger plant instead of using their own generators. The first substations were connected to only one power station, where the generators were housed, and were subsidiaries of that power station.