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16264-Static uninterruptible power supply
16264-Static uninterruptible power supply

... System Redundancy: System is to have parallel units interconnected so that normal a.c. power feeds more than one rectifier/charger in parallel on a common d.c. bus, which in turn feeds floated battery and more than one inverter in parallel, to give required power output at critical load. Load sharin ...
Magneto Resistive Sensors - Rechner Sensors Australia
Magneto Resistive Sensors - Rechner Sensors Australia

... The magnetoresistive sensors (MRS) detect the movement of ferromagnetic materials, by means of the change of the magnetic flow. They are suitable for rotary speed sensing, for detection of gearwheels and for standstill control. Areas of use can be heavy construction engines, rail vehicles, large die ...
Setting up the stick pots for the Phil_G proportional encoders:
Setting up the stick pots for the Phil_G proportional encoders:

... Some manufacturers provide reversing by swapping the outer pot connections with a change-over switch, which means that neutral-stick must be set to exactly half-travel on the pot track. Most commonly the pots are 5k, so in this case, at neutral the wiper would be exactly 2.5k ohms from either end, a ...
MAX1522/MAX1523/MAX1524 Simple SOT23 Boost Controllers General Description ____________________________Features
MAX1522/MAX1523/MAX1524 Simple SOT23 Boost Controllers General Description ____________________________Features

... V CC can come from the input voltage (nonbootstrapped), the output voltage (bootstrapped), or an independent regulator. The MAX1522/MAX1523 are usually utilized in a nonbootstrapped configuration, allowing for high or low output voltage operation. However, when both the input and output voltages fal ...
S4000
S4000

... (the National Fire Alarm Code), ANSI 117.1 (the American National Standard For Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities) and UL Standard 1971 (Standard for Signaling Devices for the Hearing Impaired). Each AMT Audible and AMT Strobe appliance has two user selective sound output levels: STANDAR ...
Safety Switching Devices Basic device for Emergency-Stop
Safety Switching Devices Basic device for Emergency-Stop

... Feedback circuit for monitoring external contactors 3 enabling current paths, NO contacts, positively driven For processing signals from the output signal switching devices (OSSD) of a light grille acc. to ...
Minimization of Charge Sharing ~ Problems in Dynamic BiCMOS
Minimization of Charge Sharing ~ Problems in Dynamic BiCMOS

... PMOS device MP5 has been added between the node Vp and Gnd in 1.5V BiCMOS dynamic logic circuit as shown in Figure 2. Charge sharing problems were occurring when 'A' was changing from 0-> 1 and 'B' was making a transition from 1->0. Here during first evaluation when A='O' and B = '1' means MP1 is ON ...
inverter - updated
inverter - updated

IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)

Astable multivibrator circuit
Astable multivibrator circuit

... the transistors are required to prevent the base-emitter junction being driven into reverse breakdown when the supply voltage is in excess of the Veb breakdown voltage, typically around 5-10 volts for general purpose silicon transistors. In the monostable configuration, only one of the transistors r ...
MOD II
MOD II

... In converter operation, the average value of output voltage V0 must be greater than load circuit emf E. during inverter operation, load circuit emf when inverted to ac must be more than ac supply voltage. In other words, dc source voltage E must be more than inverter voltage V0 , only then power wou ...
Enclosures for being installed in Outdoors
Enclosures for being installed in Outdoors

... For cases that is needed to extract more heat than 1500W and external temperature doesn’t allows a correct dT to use ventilation the enclosure will be ready to accept a Cooling architecture with cooling units (Ref NSYCCU ...HD) to extract upto 4kW or more . In any case is strongly recommended to use ...
Meeting Minutes - Northwest Power and Conservation Council
Meeting Minutes - Northwest Power and Conservation Council

... Section 9.b, Program Savings, is missing a line break in the third bullet, between GWh and CVRf. Section 9.c, CVRf Estimation, appears to describe a method which yields a value with kWh/volt units, which does not match the Definition of Terms in Section 3. The 24hour sum of the difference between th ...
Protection of RS-232 Serial Connections
Protection of RS-232 Serial Connections

... must also connect to the connector frame itself. When choosing cable, look for the equivalent wire gauge rating of the shield; the lower the number, the better the power protection job the shield will do (lower gauge numbers mean bigger wires). If the shield is a foil shield, then use the gauge rati ...
A Low-Impedance, Sub-Bandgap 0.6μm CMOS Reference with 0.84
A Low-Impedance, Sub-Bandgap 0.6μm CMOS Reference with 0.84

... technologies, are inevitably employed in critical roles. In Fig. 1, for instance, mismatch in MP1MP2 and the offset of OA1, which is conventionally designed using MOS devices, are particularly important sources of error that cannot be trimmed by conventional strategies. Additionally, since almost ev ...
Delphi DNL, Non-Isolated Point of Load
Delphi DNL, Non-Isolated Point of Load

... and by connecting a resistor, Rmargin-down, from the Trim pin to the output pin for margining-down. Figure 26 shows the circuit configuration for output voltage margining. If unused, leave the trim pin unconnected. A calculation tool is available from the evaluation procedure which computes the valu ...
Enclosures for being installed in Outdoors
Enclosures for being installed in Outdoors

... For cases that is needed to extract more heat than 1500W and external temperature doesn’t allows a correct dT to use ventilation the enclosure will be ready to accept a Cooling architecture with cooling units (Ref NSYCCU ...HD) to extract upto 4kW or more . In any case is strongly recommended to use ...
Všeobecný popis KV zosilnovaca OM2500
Všeobecný popis KV zosilnovaca OM2500

... output power at excellent linearity. For this purpose the amplifier has to be tuned carefully. WARNING! Before starting tuning you have to check if the right antenna or a 50 Ohms load resistance is connected at the antenna output! CAUTION The operation of a mistuned PA will cause malfunctions, the i ...
C-Bus 8 Channel Dimmer, DIN Rail Series
C-Bus 8 Channel Dimmer, DIN Rail Series

... • Ceiling sweep fan control. Whereas the dimmer may be used to control ceiling sweep fans it is not recommended. Some ceiling sweep fans generate audible noise when controlled by leading edge dimmers, if this is the case an alternative fan must be selected. • Continuous monitoring of the incoming ma ...
MAX16914/MAX16915 Ideal Diode, Reverse-Battery, and Overvoltage Protection Switch/Limiter Controllers with External MOSFETs
MAX16914/MAX16915 Ideal Diode, Reverse-Battery, and Overvoltage Protection Switch/Limiter Controllers with External MOSFETs

... The MAX16914/MAX16915 low-quiescent-current overvoltage and reverse-battery protection controllers are designed for automotive and industrial systems that must tolerate high-voltage transient and fault conditions. These conditions include load dumps, voltage dips, and reversed input voltages. The co ...
Current Mode PWM Controller for Forward and Flyback
Current Mode PWM Controller for Forward and Flyback

... Skip cycle feature: When the power supply loads are decreasing to a low level, the duty cycle also decreases to the minimum value the controller can offer. If the output loads disappear, the converter runs at the minimum duty cycle fixed by the propagation delay and driving blocks. It often delivers ...
RS-422 and RS-485 Application Note
RS-422 and RS-485 Application Note

... Since the slave nodes never listen to another slave response to the master, a slave node cannot reply incorrectly to another slave node. RTS Control of an RS-485 Converter As discussed previously, an RS-485 system must have a driver that can be disconnected from the transmission line when a particul ...
High-Efficiency Ripple-Free Power Converter for Nuclear
High-Efficiency Ripple-Free Power Converter for Nuclear

... The increasing demands of today power electronic apparatus, together with the rising quality requirements of applications like Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), which is a powerful analysis technique [1], or Digital Audio Power Amplifiers [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], can only be accomplished, if ripple ...
Linn Klimax 500 Twin Power Amplifier
Linn Klimax 500 Twin Power Amplifier

Methods of Magnetizing Permanent Magnets
Methods of Magnetizing Permanent Magnets

... today we will be talking about ways to use electricity to make certain special materials, called permanent magnet materials, to be magnetic. When magnets are first produced, they are usually not magnetic at all, or possibly they are only very weakly magnetic. For the magnet to have the properties we ...
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Electrical substation



A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels.Substations may be owned and operated by an electrical utility, or may be owned by a large industrial or commercial customer. Generally substations are unattended, relying on SCADA for remote supervision and control.A substation may include transformers to change voltage levels between high transmission voltages and lower distribution voltages, or at the interconnection of two different transmission voltages. The word substation comes from the days before the distribution system became a grid. As central generation stations became larger, smaller generating plants were converted to distribution stations, receiving their energy supply from a larger plant instead of using their own generators. The first substations were connected to only one power station, where the generators were housed, and were subsidiaries of that power station.
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