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Care of pregnant /foaling mares
Care of pregnant /foaling mares

... We recommend that another ultrasound scan is performed between days 24-25 of pregnancy to find the embryonic heartbeat (and again to check for twins). The next important scan takes place at around 35-42 days. If the mare has lost the embryo before this time she can usually be re-bred successfully; b ...
Preeclampsia
Preeclampsia

... The cause of preeclampsia can roughly be divided in two components; placental factors and maternal risk factors. The placental factors are believed to be released from the placenta and in to the maternal circulation where they cause a dysfunction of the endothelium. The vascular endothelium has many ...
Can healthy babies originate from oocytes with smooth endoplasmic
Can healthy babies originate from oocytes with smooth endoplasmic

... limitations, reasons for caution: Data concerning SERa+ oocytes in the literature are scarce, the studies are small, heterogeneous and results are conflicting. The malformations observed could be due to over-reporting of scattered alarming results. Alternatively, an under-reporting of complications c ...
miscarriage - Lenus, The Irish Health Repository
miscarriage - Lenus, The Irish Health Repository

... In this type of miscarriage the embryo (baby)fails to develop in the womb and instead of being passed from the womb, it is retained inside. The diagnosis may be difficult to make at first because the findings and the symptoms are similar to a threatened miscarriage. Usually the symptoms of pregnancy ...
Hypertension in Pregnancy: Medical Management of
Hypertension in Pregnancy: Medical Management of

... should be lowered promptly, albeit carefully, to prevent cerebral haemorrhage and hypertensive encephalopathy6, 9. This degree of hypertension requires urgent assessment and management. It is important to acknowledge that systolic as well as diastolic hypertension increases the risk of cerebral haem ...
Relation of Hemoglobin Measured at Different
Relation of Hemoglobin Measured at Different

... established (4, 11-14). These studies have suffered from several problems. First, in most populations, women who are anemic also have other characteristics that cause low birth weight. In the United States, for example, anemic women are more likely to be African American and poor (6). It is very dif ...
Nutrition in pregnancy
Nutrition in pregnancy

... become pregnant are advised to take a folic acid supplement of 400 µg/day prior to and up until the 12th week of pregnancy. The UK Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy (COMA) panel has established dietary reference values (DRVs) for nutrients for which there is an increased requirement during ...
Left ventricular function and systemic arterial properties in normal
Left ventricular function and systemic arterial properties in normal

... representing two different departments and medical fields, cardiology and obstetrics, as supervisors for this work. Prof. Svend Aakhus has been the principal supervisor for this thesis, and I am most grateful for his guidance into the world of research. Learning from his excellent skills in echocard ...
ultrasound diagnosis of early pregnancy miscarriage
ultrasound diagnosis of early pregnancy miscarriage

... visualise from cervix to fundus. Failure to visualise all of the uterus will result in missing gestational sacs in multiple pregnancies. Neglecting to scan the adnexae will result in missing hererotopic pregnancies and ovarian masses which may require surgery. Avoid labelling subchorionic bleeds as ...
COMPASS Therapeutic Notes on the Management of Chronic
COMPASS Therapeutic Notes on the Management of Chronic

... ► Women with diabetes, coeliac disease, thalassaemia trait, those receiving anti–epileptic drugs, or women with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 or more should take folic acid 5mg daily. What dose of folic acid should be recommended? Women who are at normal risk for a neural tube defect should be ...
COMPASS Therapeutic Notes on the Management of
COMPASS Therapeutic Notes on the Management of

... ► Women with diabetes, coeliac disease, thalassaemia trait, those receiving anti–epileptic drugs, or women with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 or more should take folic acid 5mg daily. What dose of folic acid should be recommended? Women who are at normal risk for a neural tube defect should be ...
Assisted reproductive technology in Australia and New
Assisted reproductive technology in Australia and New

... (RTAC). All ART clinics in Australia and New Zealand provided data to ANZARD for cycles performed in 2013. As a joint initiative of the NPESU at UNSW and FSA, the Australian and New Zealand Assisted Reproduction Database (ANZARD) was upgraded in 2009 to accommodate new ART treatment types and to tra ...
English - International Consortium for Emergency Contraception
English - International Consortium for Emergency Contraception

... and tolerable when used repeatedly, even within the same menstrual cycle.14 The latest scientific evidence shows that ECPs work by preventing or inhibiting ovulation, and do not disrupt an existing pregnancy.1,2 If a woman who is already pregnant takes LNG ECPs, there are no risks to the pregnancy.1 ...
Role of oral micronized progesterone versus vaginal progesterone
Role of oral micronized progesterone versus vaginal progesterone

... Infants born preterm are over 40 times more likely to die during the neonatal period than are term infants.5,6 While the risk is greatest for infants born at earlier gestational ages, this increased risk of mortality persists even for infants born between 32 and 36 weeks gestation.7 For surviving in ...
Isolated single umbilical artery and fetal karyotype
Isolated single umbilical artery and fetal karyotype

... reduction in the incidence of such abnormalities in the second trimester. First-trimester screening by a combination of fetal nuchal translucency, fetal heart rate and maternal serum free β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) can identify about 90% ...
Clinical validation of embryo culture and selection by morphokinetic
Clinical validation of embryo culture and selection by morphokinetic

... described by Garrido et al. (10). Briefly, all donors had normal menstrual cycles lasting 26 to 34 days, were aged 18–34 years (average 25.5 years), had a body mass index (BMI) of 18–25 kg/m2, had received no endocrine treatment (including gonadotropins and oral contraception) for the 3 months VOL. 1 ...
Dilatation and Curettage Effect on the Endometrial Thickness
Dilatation and Curettage Effect on the Endometrial Thickness

... although studies have reported pregnancies with a thickness of as little as 4 mm. (3, 8, 11-13, 15, 16, 19, 30-33) Also, data in the literature are scant regarding the maximum endometrial thickness that will correlate with pregnancy rates and implantation rates (9). Various investigators have been r ...
Embryo survival in lactating dairy cows
Embryo survival in lactating dairy cows

... identified to be not cycling before the onset of the breeding protocols had less (P<0.05) embryo survival than cycling cows. These results may indicate that noncycling cows in both treatments were induced successfully to ovulate and subsequently conceive, but had a decreased ability to maintain preg ...
Complications In Pregnancy Part II: Hypertensive
Complications In Pregnancy Part II: Hypertensive

... “a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher on 2 consecutive occasions at least 4 hours apart or a single diastolic blood pressure greater than 110 mm Hg.”3 Systolic blood pressure readings above 140 mm Hg are often used as criteria as well.5 Relative changes in blood pressure are no longer in ...
Hypertension in pregnancy ASH Position Article Marshall D. Lindheimer, MD
Hypertension in pregnancy ASH Position Article Marshall D. Lindheimer, MD

... to normal, during the immediate puerperium (at which point some relabel the entity transient hypertension). Many of these women are hypertensive in one, some, or all of their subsequent pregnancies. There is an entity termed late postpartum hypertension that describes women with normotensive gestati ...
Physiologic Changes During Normal Pregnancy and Delivery
Physiologic Changes During Normal Pregnancy and Delivery

... significant decrease in CO (Fig. 4). Evaluation of hemodynamic changes in twin gestations shows a significantly greater increase in CO compared with singletons (approximately 15% at 24 weeks).65 Techniques to measure CO in pregnancy CO may be calculated by invasive heart catheterization using the Fi ...
ABM Clinical Protocol #13: Contraception During Breastfeeding
ABM Clinical Protocol #13: Contraception During Breastfeeding

... Consider both short- and long-term breastfeeding intent as well as well birth spacing plans. There is the potential for hormonal methods to have an impact depending on when they are started. Mothers may plan to exclusively breastfeed; some may do so to use LAM, others may use LAM because they are al ...
Update on the Use of Antihypertensive Drugs in
Update on the Use of Antihypertensive Drugs in

... Hypertension in Pregnancy The benefits of antihypertensive therapy for mild-tomoderately elevated BP in pregnancy (ⱕ160/110 mm Hg), either chronic or pregnancy induced, have not been demonstrated in clinical trials. Recent reviews, including a Cochrane meta-analysis, concluded that there are insuffi ...
Preparing for a pregnancy after bariatric surgery
Preparing for a pregnancy after bariatric surgery

... obese women is commonly related to ovulatory dysfunction, including syndromes such as polycystic ovarian syndrome. After bariatric surgery, menstrual cycle irregularities and hyperandrogenism improve25–28. Indeed, several reports have observed improved fertility and/or unanticipated pregnancies afte ...
Dose-dependent fetal complications of warfarin in pregnant
Dose-dependent fetal complications of warfarin in pregnant

... included under the warfarin-induced congenital malformations, we believe that its occurrence was only coincidental, because in large series of fetuses affected by warfarin malformations cardiac anomalies were very rarely recorded (1,16). Also the fetal growth retardation occurring in a baby whose mo ...
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Anovulation

An anovulatory cycle is a menstrual cycle during which the ovaries do not release an oocyte. Therefore, ovulation does not take place. However, a woman who does not ovulate at each menstrual cycle is not necessarily going through menopause. Chronic anovulation is a common cause of infertility.In addition to the alteration of menstrual periods and infertility, chronic anovulation can cause or exacerbate other long term problems, such as hyperandrogenism or osteopenia. It plays a central role in the multiple imbalances and dysfunctions of polycystic ovary syndrome.During the first two years after menarche 50% of the menstrual cycles could be anovulatories.It is in fact possible to restore ovulation using appropriate medication, and ovulation is successfully restored in approximately 90% of cases. The first step is the diagnosis of anovulation. The identification of anovulation is not easy; contrary to what is commonly believed, women undergoing anovulation still have (more or less) regular periods. In general, patients only notice that there is a problem once they have started trying to conceive. Temperature charting is a useful way of providing early clues about anovulation, and can help gynaecologists in their diagnosis.
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