Earthquake scaling relations for mid
... relations 1 and 2 apply, then moment balance requires that the dimensionless seismic productivity, n0 / N_ 0/ATV, should scale as n0 / AT1/4, which we confirm using small events. Hence the frequencies of both small and large earthquakes adjust with AT to maintain constant coupling. RTF scaling rela ...
... relations 1 and 2 apply, then moment balance requires that the dimensionless seismic productivity, n0 / N_ 0/ATV, should scale as n0 / AT1/4, which we confirm using small events. Hence the frequencies of both small and large earthquakes adjust with AT to maintain constant coupling. RTF scaling rela ...
Crustal deformation around the northern and central Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line Takeshi Sagiya
... ration data (Okubo et al., 2000). Among various candidate study of this area and realistic modeling efforts will be necmodels, we show two cases in Fig. 4. Model 1 assumes a hor- essary to better understand the loading process of this area. izontal detachment fault at the depth of 15 km. This model ...
... ration data (Okubo et al., 2000). Among various candidate study of this area and realistic modeling efforts will be necmodels, we show two cases in Fig. 4. Model 1 assumes a hor- essary to better understand the loading process of this area. izontal detachment fault at the depth of 15 km. This model ...
2002/005 OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY REPORT Seismic hazard: UK continental shelf
... and petroleum organizations: The National Fund for Natural Disaster Assistance; The National Office of Building Technology and Administration; Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Administration; A/S Norske Shell; Norsk Hydro; Saga Petroleum; and Statoil A/S. This Norwegian project has also involved ...
... and petroleum organizations: The National Fund for Natural Disaster Assistance; The National Office of Building Technology and Administration; Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Administration; A/S Norske Shell; Norsk Hydro; Saga Petroleum; and Statoil A/S. This Norwegian project has also involved ...
Observations and Tectonic Setting of Historic
... A catalog of 383 earthquakes in southeastern New York, southwestern Connecticut, northern New Jersey, and eastern Pennsylvania, including metropolitan New York City and Philadelphia, is compiled from historical and instrumental data from 1677 through 2006. A magnitude-felt area relationship is used ...
... A catalog of 383 earthquakes in southeastern New York, southwestern Connecticut, northern New Jersey, and eastern Pennsylvania, including metropolitan New York City and Philadelphia, is compiled from historical and instrumental data from 1677 through 2006. A magnitude-felt area relationship is used ...
P from the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake Masatoshi Miyazawa
... Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ...
... Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ...
Creeping along the Ismetpasa section of the North Anatolian fault
... are not known. However, it is thought that part of the ~50-km-long low slip section (b1.5 m) of the 1944 rupture to the east of Ismetpasa was re-ruptured by the 1951 earthquake [7,18,19,20]. Since the observation of an offset wall at the railway station in the town of Ismetpasa (Fig. 2), numerous me ...
... are not known. However, it is thought that part of the ~50-km-long low slip section (b1.5 m) of the 1944 rupture to the east of Ismetpasa was re-ruptured by the 1951 earthquake [7,18,19,20]. Since the observation of an offset wall at the railway station in the town of Ismetpasa (Fig. 2), numerous me ...
Coseismic stress changes and crustal deformation on the Reykjanes
... second large (Mw = 6.4) earthquake occurred in the SISZ, although the epicenter was closer to VOGS. The predicted displacements at VOGS, assuming uniform slip models for the SISZ main shocks [Árnadóttir et al., 2000], are 4 mm east and 3 mm north (17 June) and 5 mm east and north (21 June). The ob ...
... second large (Mw = 6.4) earthquake occurred in the SISZ, although the epicenter was closer to VOGS. The predicted displacements at VOGS, assuming uniform slip models for the SISZ main shocks [Árnadóttir et al., 2000], are 4 mm east and 3 mm north (17 June) and 5 mm east and north (21 June). The ob ...
geol_15_patton_fall_..
... 17. (4 pts.) In addition to the information gained from a focal mechanism, we must use other information to determine the orientation of the causative fault. This information includes: a. orientation of faults, aftershock patterns, presence of surface scarps b. s-wave arrival times, alignment of pla ...
... 17. (4 pts.) In addition to the information gained from a focal mechanism, we must use other information to determine the orientation of the causative fault. This information includes: a. orientation of faults, aftershock patterns, presence of surface scarps b. s-wave arrival times, alignment of pla ...
Evidence of a recent magma dike intrusion at the slow spreading
... azimuthal distribution of the autonomous hydrophone array relative to the MAR allows for well-constrained earthquake locations. Event location error is available as output from the regression algorithm covariance matrix [Bevington and Robinson, 1992, Chapter 11], with the range in location error of ...
... azimuthal distribution of the autonomous hydrophone array relative to the MAR allows for well-constrained earthquake locations. Event location error is available as output from the regression algorithm covariance matrix [Bevington and Robinson, 1992, Chapter 11], with the range in location error of ...
? AN EVALUATION OF CHINESE ANNUAL
... at the time they are made they are confidential. An objective evaluation of the CSB predictions is certainly worthwhile. In this paper, we evaluate the CSB predictions in the 1990s only, because since 1990 the form of these CSB predictions has been more uniform. Our evaluation is based on the origin ...
... at the time they are made they are confidential. An objective evaluation of the CSB predictions is certainly worthwhile. In this paper, we evaluate the CSB predictions in the 1990s only, because since 1990 the form of these CSB predictions has been more uniform. Our evaluation is based on the origin ...
Seismic vulnerability of the Himalayan half-dressed rubble
... test damages observ tive information on the earthquake resistance and vulneraessential in most of the Himalayan region. in the building are also described. This c bility of stone masonry buildings common in the Himalayan Earthquake observations in the Himalayan region have However, due to the low qu ...
... test damages observ tive information on the earthquake resistance and vulneraessential in most of the Himalayan region. in the building are also described. This c bility of stone masonry buildings common in the Himalayan Earthquake observations in the Himalayan region have However, due to the low qu ...
Magnitude Scaling Relationships - GEM Nexus
... (1994) and Hanks and Bakun (2008) equations are liberally applied the world over, with little or no consideration as to their applicability to a particular environment. The cover image illustrates this issue by showing the significant underestimation of the M7.1 4 September 2010 Darfield (New Zealan ...
... (1994) and Hanks and Bakun (2008) equations are liberally applied the world over, with little or no consideration as to their applicability to a particular environment. The cover image illustrates this issue by showing the significant underestimation of the M7.1 4 September 2010 Darfield (New Zealan ...
Tsunami - Library Junction
... temporary rise in sea level is termed run up. Run up is measured in metres above a reference sea level.[26] A large tsunami may feature multiple waves arriving over a period of hours, with significant time between the wave crests. The first wave to reach the shore may not have the highest run up.[27 ...
... temporary rise in sea level is termed run up. Run up is measured in metres above a reference sea level.[26] A large tsunami may feature multiple waves arriving over a period of hours, with significant time between the wave crests. The first wave to reach the shore may not have the highest run up.[27 ...
Instrumental seismic catalogue of Mt. Etna earthquakes
... eastern sector most of earthquakes are located within 7 km of depth and, the deepening of focii towards east is evident (Figure 10a). Most of the epicenters are concentrated in the northeastern flank, along the Pernicana Fault System, in the Valle del Bove and in a wide sector to the ESE of the Vall ...
... eastern sector most of earthquakes are located within 7 km of depth and, the deepening of focii towards east is evident (Figure 10a). Most of the epicenters are concentrated in the northeastern flank, along the Pernicana Fault System, in the Valle del Bove and in a wide sector to the ESE of the Vall ...
Complete Paper
... ground motion Technique embraced both flexible and inelastic structures all the while. Paper comapes modern quadretic rule with modal displacement for calculation. In this paper all present day technique and mix of strategy are considered 9) Mahmoud M. Hachem, considered utilization of ground moveme ...
... ground motion Technique embraced both flexible and inelastic structures all the while. Paper comapes modern quadretic rule with modal displacement for calculation. In this paper all present day technique and mix of strategy are considered 9) Mahmoud M. Hachem, considered utilization of ground moveme ...
10950_2013_9375_MOESM1_ESM
... is the western continuation of the Cheliff basin. South-east dipping thrust faulting limits the Habra basin and Beni Chougrane fold and thrust belt, while in the middle of it, another southeast dipping thrust affects the Neogene formations. A thrust sequence with folds having a transport direction t ...
... is the western continuation of the Cheliff basin. South-east dipping thrust faulting limits the Habra basin and Beni Chougrane fold and thrust belt, while in the middle of it, another southeast dipping thrust affects the Neogene formations. A thrust sequence with folds having a transport direction t ...
Balance of seismic moment in the Songpan
... region, eastern Tibet. We have investigated the evolution of strain energy along major faults in this region by comparing the accumulation and release of seismic moment. First, we calculated the slip rates on the Longmen Shan and other major faults in the region using a three-dimensional regional-sc ...
... region, eastern Tibet. We have investigated the evolution of strain energy along major faults in this region by comparing the accumulation and release of seismic moment. First, we calculated the slip rates on the Longmen Shan and other major faults in the region using a three-dimensional regional-sc ...
Long-term creep-rate changes and their causes
... Locked Portions of the San Andreas Fault [7] The general coincidence of creep-rate changes (Figure 2) with the times of the largest earthquakes in the area suggests that changes in forces Fl from locked portions play an important role for creep-rate changes. In principle, these Fl are proportional t ...
... Locked Portions of the San Andreas Fault [7] The general coincidence of creep-rate changes (Figure 2) with the times of the largest earthquakes in the area suggests that changes in forces Fl from locked portions play an important role for creep-rate changes. In principle, these Fl are proportional t ...
Earthquake forecasting and its verification
... Earthquakes are caused by displacements on preexisting faults. Most earthquakes occur at or near the boundaries between the near-rigid plates of plate tectonics. Earthquakes in California are associated with the relative motion between the Pacific plate and the North American plate. Much of this mot ...
... Earthquakes are caused by displacements on preexisting faults. Most earthquakes occur at or near the boundaries between the near-rigid plates of plate tectonics. Earthquakes in California are associated with the relative motion between the Pacific plate and the North American plate. Much of this mot ...
A BENEFIT/COST ANALYSIS FOR THE SEISMIC REHABILITATION
... losses throughout history. Although much improvement in earthquake resistant design has been achieved, people still suffer from the consequences of such a disaster even in the developed countries. The 1994 Northridge and 1995 Kobe earthquakes clearly proved that mother nature is still superior to ma ...
... losses throughout history. Although much improvement in earthquake resistant design has been achieved, people still suffer from the consequences of such a disaster even in the developed countries. The 1994 Northridge and 1995 Kobe earthquakes clearly proved that mother nature is still superior to ma ...
Long-Term Records of Tsunamis
... Shetland Islands, with numerical simulations of the Storegga slide. Their best-fit model suggests that sea levels along the Norwegian coast fell by around 20 m during the first 30 minutes following the slide. The simulation also predicts the generation of multiple waves, matching the reconstructions ...
... Shetland Islands, with numerical simulations of the Storegga slide. Their best-fit model suggests that sea levels along the Norwegian coast fell by around 20 m during the first 30 minutes following the slide. The simulation also predicts the generation of multiple waves, matching the reconstructions ...
Large submarine earthquakes occurred worldwide
... rence of an earthquake. As results, various research works have been performed in order to: (i) identify the source zones mostly prone to trigger tsunami around the world, (ii) understand the generation mechanism of tsunami sources, (iii) assess tsunami hazard, vulnerability, and risk along the coas ...
... rence of an earthquake. As results, various research works have been performed in order to: (i) identify the source zones mostly prone to trigger tsunami around the world, (ii) understand the generation mechanism of tsunami sources, (iii) assess tsunami hazard, vulnerability, and risk along the coas ...
Benefit in the wake of disaster: Long
... impacts of natural disasters in the long run depend on the extent of external aid. In addition, it has been argued that disasters can act as “catalysts for reinvestment and upgrading of capital” (see Hallegatte and Dumas 2008, and also Albala-Bertrand 1993, and Skidmore and Toya 2002), that is, the ...
... impacts of natural disasters in the long run depend on the extent of external aid. In addition, it has been argued that disasters can act as “catalysts for reinvestment and upgrading of capital” (see Hallegatte and Dumas 2008, and also Albala-Bertrand 1993, and Skidmore and Toya 2002), that is, the ...
Earthquake Energy Release Mechanism
... and by the 1964 Good Friday, Valdez (Anchorage), Alaska earthquake (red curves). The 1960 tsunamis killed 61 people and caused about $24 million in damage. ...
... and by the 1964 Good Friday, Valdez (Anchorage), Alaska earthquake (red curves). The 1960 tsunamis killed 61 people and caused about $24 million in damage. ...
Seismic resilience of a hospital system
... (part of the OEM), was not sufficiently robust to survive the 11 September attack (as it was located on the 23rd floor of the 7 WTC). However, on the strength of its resourcefulness (see below), OEM exhibited considerable robustness as an organisation, demonstrating an ability to continue to function, ...
... (part of the OEM), was not sufficiently robust to survive the 11 September attack (as it was located on the 23rd floor of the 7 WTC). However, on the strength of its resourcefulness (see below), OEM exhibited considerable robustness as an organisation, demonstrating an ability to continue to function, ...
Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant
The Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant (柏崎刈羽原子力発電所, Kashiwazaki-Kariwa genshiryoku-hatsudensho, Kashiwazaki-Kariwa NPP) is a large, modern (housing the world's first ABWR) nuclear power plant on a 4.2-square-kilometer (1,038 acres) site including land in the towns of Kashiwazaki and Kariwa in Niigata Prefecture, Japan on the coast of the Sea of Japan, from where it gets cooling water. The plant is owned and operated by Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO).It was the largest nuclear generating station in the world by net electrical power rating.It was approximately 19 km (12 mi) from the epicenter of the second strongest earthquake to ever occur at a nuclear plant, the Mw 6.6 July 2007 Chūetsu offshore earthquake. This shook the plant beyond design basis and initiated an extended shutdown for inspection, which indicated that greater earthquake-proofing was needed before operation could be resumed. The plant was completely shut down for 21 months following the earthquake. Unit 7 was restarted after seismic upgrades on May 9, 2009, followed later by units 1, 5, and 6. (Units 2, 3, 4 were not restarted).After the April 2011 earthquake, all restarted units were shut down and safety improvements are being carried out. As of May 2015 no units are restarted and no units are expected to restart sooner than the end of 2015.