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3. Earthquakes 3.1. Elastic rebound theory
... In the upper part of the lithosphere, rocks tend to behave in a brittle manner and the rock strength increases with increasing pressure (depth). Ductile behavior is promoted by high temperature and high pressure, which is why rocks of the asthenosphere can flow in convective currents. Decreasing the ...
... In the upper part of the lithosphere, rocks tend to behave in a brittle manner and the rock strength increases with increasing pressure (depth). Ductile behavior is promoted by high temperature and high pressure, which is why rocks of the asthenosphere can flow in convective currents. Decreasing the ...
Lab setup
... plates that make up the outer shell of the earth. There are about a dozen major plates and they are about 50 km thick. The temperature and material properties at the base of the plates are such that they can slip steadily without producing any earthquakes. However, when a plate itself is deformed, d ...
... plates that make up the outer shell of the earth. There are about a dozen major plates and they are about 50 km thick. The temperature and material properties at the base of the plates are such that they can slip steadily without producing any earthquakes. However, when a plate itself is deformed, d ...
Earthquake Engineering - Harlem Children Society
... There are two types of seismic waves: body waves and surface waves Body waves travels within the earth’s crust and consists of ◦ P waves: also known as primary or compressional waves ◦ S Waves: also known as secondary or shear or transverse waves Surface waves travels along the earth’s surface and c ...
... There are two types of seismic waves: body waves and surface waves Body waves travels within the earth’s crust and consists of ◦ P waves: also known as primary or compressional waves ◦ S Waves: also known as secondary or shear or transverse waves Surface waves travels along the earth’s surface and c ...
Proceedings
... on 26 November 2004. Both earthquakes have caused collapsed of buildings and casualties. On Wednesday 20 February 2008, western Sumatera was hit by a shallow major (strong) earthquake with the magnitude of 7.3 on the Richter scale, followed by several smaller earthquakes. Several people witnessed th ...
... on 26 November 2004. Both earthquakes have caused collapsed of buildings and casualties. On Wednesday 20 February 2008, western Sumatera was hit by a shallow major (strong) earthquake with the magnitude of 7.3 on the Richter scale, followed by several smaller earthquakes. Several people witnessed th ...
Performance of Seismically Isolated Buildings at March 11, 2011
... The State of the Art of Seismically Isolated Buildings in Japan Seismic Isolation Techniques has been widely adopted in Japan since the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster which caused over 6,400 deaths and 100,000 buildings totally collapsed. From the statistics until the end of 2010, in t ...
... The State of the Art of Seismically Isolated Buildings in Japan Seismic Isolation Techniques has been widely adopted in Japan since the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster which caused over 6,400 deaths and 100,000 buildings totally collapsed. From the statistics until the end of 2010, in t ...
Vol. 20 No. 3 JANUARY 2017 ISSN:1174-3646 Editorial
... buildings and socio-economic condition of the society of the developing country, any strategy of seismic intervention to those buildings should have considered affordability along with safety. That demanded a simple and cost effective seismic upgrade with use of local material avoiding any complex c ...
... buildings and socio-economic condition of the society of the developing country, any strategy of seismic intervention to those buildings should have considered affordability along with safety. That demanded a simple and cost effective seismic upgrade with use of local material avoiding any complex c ...
Chapter C1 Natural Hazards
... (source: http://www.weather.gov.hk/gts/equake/mms_e.htm) a. This is a qualitative measure of earthquake effects based primarily upon the extent of damages, loss of life and the physical feeling of people. b. Earthquake intensity depends on: (1) ______________________________________________ (2) ____ ...
... (source: http://www.weather.gov.hk/gts/equake/mms_e.htm) a. This is a qualitative measure of earthquake effects based primarily upon the extent of damages, loss of life and the physical feeling of people. b. Earthquake intensity depends on: (1) ______________________________________________ (2) ____ ...
eps130_homework2_mod.. - Berkeley Seismological Laboratory
... and frictional properties will play a role in the maximum size earthquake that a fault will produce. Paleoseismic data is used to provide a better understanding of the recurrence of the large earthquakes of interest. The large earthquakes have greater fault offset, rupture to the surface of the Eart ...
... and frictional properties will play a role in the maximum size earthquake that a fault will produce. Paleoseismic data is used to provide a better understanding of the recurrence of the large earthquakes of interest. The large earthquakes have greater fault offset, rupture to the surface of the Eart ...
CENTRAL AND EASTERN US NETWORK
... CEUSN: Capitalization on Earlier Investments Several Federal agencies recognized the unique opportunity to retain select EarthScope seismic stations in the central and eastern United States beyond their standard deployment period of two years per site, allowing creation of the CEUSN. In 2012, the U ...
... CEUSN: Capitalization on Earlier Investments Several Federal agencies recognized the unique opportunity to retain select EarthScope seismic stations in the central and eastern United States beyond their standard deployment period of two years per site, allowing creation of the CEUSN. In 2012, the U ...
How can people respond to hazards in different ways
... An advanced telecommunications system that will allow emergency services to respond rapidly to an earthquake event. Create an exclusion zone around a volcano where nobody is allowed to live, travel or move. Ensuring that all households have to have buildings insurance by law – they must have insuran ...
... An advanced telecommunications system that will allow emergency services to respond rapidly to an earthquake event. Create an exclusion zone around a volcano where nobody is allowed to live, travel or move. Ensuring that all households have to have buildings insurance by law – they must have insuran ...
Periodic Slow Earthquakes from the Cascadia Subduction Zone
... Continuous geodetic measurements from convergent margins have shown that deep transient creep events can release large amounts of strain energy without detectable seismic shaking, and they are thus known as slow or silent earthquakes. Because subduction zones generate the largest earthquakes, seismi ...
... Continuous geodetic measurements from convergent margins have shown that deep transient creep events can release large amounts of strain energy without detectable seismic shaking, and they are thus known as slow or silent earthquakes. Because subduction zones generate the largest earthquakes, seismi ...
What are the Seismic Effects on Structures?
... designed to carry the gravity loads, i.e., they are designed for a force equal to the mass M (this includes mass due to own weight and imposed loads) times the acceleration due to gravity g acting in the vertical downward direction (-Z). The downward force Mg is called the gravity load. The vertical ...
... designed to carry the gravity loads, i.e., they are designed for a force equal to the mass M (this includes mass due to own weight and imposed loads) times the acceleration due to gravity g acting in the vertical downward direction (-Z). The downward force Mg is called the gravity load. The vertical ...
Earthquake Engineering: Housner Spectrum []
... earthquake, is the trolley likely to derail? Use the Housner spectrum to find out! ...
... earthquake, is the trolley likely to derail? Use the Housner spectrum to find out! ...
Hazards Chapter 3
... India and Eur-Asia collision [Fig. 3.25] following the breakup of Gondwanaland … since initial contact India has moved 1,250 mi (2,000 km) further north at a rate of 2 in (5 cm) per yr, and has resulted in: (1) single highest concentration of mts (2) greatest concentration of mt systems (3) extensiv ...
... India and Eur-Asia collision [Fig. 3.25] following the breakup of Gondwanaland … since initial contact India has moved 1,250 mi (2,000 km) further north at a rate of 2 in (5 cm) per yr, and has resulted in: (1) single highest concentration of mts (2) greatest concentration of mt systems (3) extensiv ...
Wood-Frame Construction in Past Earthquakes
... fore-shock, and followed by four aftershocks with Magnitudes greater than 5. These quakes were centred in a rural area and small towns. The only ground motion record obtained came from the base of the Matahina Dam, over 20 km from the epicentre of the main shock, with a peak horizontal ground accele ...
... fore-shock, and followed by four aftershocks with Magnitudes greater than 5. These quakes were centred in a rural area and small towns. The only ground motion record obtained came from the base of the Matahina Dam, over 20 km from the epicentre of the main shock, with a peak horizontal ground accele ...
Investigation of tectonics and statistical analysis of earthquake
... the light of the theory of plate tectonics (plate - tectonic) has taken a clear face, so that on a global scale in the series Mountains is often mentioned as a classic example of the collision of continent - continent, which was aimed at the continental margin of the Pacific Ocean. [3]. Zagros is on ...
... the light of the theory of plate tectonics (plate - tectonic) has taken a clear face, so that on a global scale in the series Mountains is often mentioned as a classic example of the collision of continent - continent, which was aimed at the continental margin of the Pacific Ocean. [3]. Zagros is on ...
Background on earthquakes in eastern Canada
... Unlike the Charlevoix Seismic Zone, no large earthquake has ever been reported or recorded in the LSZ. Only two events are known to have exceeded magnitude 5.0. On June 23, 1944, an earthquake of magnitude 5.1 on the Richter scale occurred occurred near Godbout, east of BaieComeau. More recently, o ...
... Unlike the Charlevoix Seismic Zone, no large earthquake has ever been reported or recorded in the LSZ. Only two events are known to have exceeded magnitude 5.0. On June 23, 1944, an earthquake of magnitude 5.1 on the Richter scale occurred occurred near Godbout, east of BaieComeau. More recently, o ...
Economic impacts of seismic risk
... period, residential investment spending is likely to rise to a share of GDP similar to that seen during the mid-2000 construction boom. But in contrast to that earlier period, there will be a much higher concentration of work in one geographic area. Combined with increases in business investment spe ...
... period, residential investment spending is likely to rise to a share of GDP similar to that seen during the mid-2000 construction boom. But in contrast to that earlier period, there will be a much higher concentration of work in one geographic area. Combined with increases in business investment spe ...
Investigation of Expected Seismic Performance on Existing Buildings: A Case Study
... the ground level or the column is provided on the ground level but on the first floor no column is there and above that weight is there which result into collapse of the structure. It rest on abeam which is a horizontal member. Fig. 4 shows that the main drawbacks of this column are that it totally ...
... the ground level or the column is provided on the ground level but on the first floor no column is there and above that weight is there which result into collapse of the structure. It rest on abeam which is a horizontal member. Fig. 4 shows that the main drawbacks of this column are that it totally ...
File
... directly above the earthquake focus. (Pg. 132) 13. Sudden movement along a __________________________ releases energy that causes an earthquake. The point at which this movement begins is called the earthquake’s __________________________. 14. __________________________ and _________________________ ...
... directly above the earthquake focus. (Pg. 132) 13. Sudden movement along a __________________________ releases energy that causes an earthquake. The point at which this movement begins is called the earthquake’s __________________________. 14. __________________________ and _________________________ ...
THE CASE FOR AN ADVANCED NATIONAL EARTHQUAKE
... The next, “5th Generation” of seismic hazard maps must incorporate the new understanding and unexpected lessons that will come from the next decade’s earthquakes. It will be critical that we have the best possible recording network of seismographs and strong motion instruments in place to record, in ...
... The next, “5th Generation” of seismic hazard maps must incorporate the new understanding and unexpected lessons that will come from the next decade’s earthquakes. It will be critical that we have the best possible recording network of seismographs and strong motion instruments in place to record, in ...
AICE Env Day 3 Locating the Epicenter
... the wave. Primary earthquake waves travel faster than secondary earthquake waves. Seismologists can use this difference in speed to determine the distance from a seismograph station to an earthquakes epicenter. Because primary waves are faster, they will arrive at a seismograph station before second ...
... the wave. Primary earthquake waves travel faster than secondary earthquake waves. Seismologists can use this difference in speed to determine the distance from a seismograph station to an earthquakes epicenter. Because primary waves are faster, they will arrive at a seismograph station before second ...
2009 L'Aquila earthquake
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/L'Aquila_eathquake_prefettura.jpg?width=300)
The 2009 L'Aquila earthquake occurred in the region of Abruzzo, in central Italy. The main shock occurred at 03:32 CEST (01:32 UTC) on 6 April 2009, and was rated 5.8 or 5.9 on the Richter scale and 6.3 on the moment magnitude scale; its epicentre was near L'Aquila, the capital of Abruzzo, which together with surrounding villages suffered most damage. There have been several thousand foreshocks and aftershocks since December 2008, more than thirty of which had a Richter magnitude greater than 3.5.The earthquake was felt throughout central Italy; 308 people are known to have died, making this the deadliest earthquake to hit Italy since the 1980 Irpinia earthquake. In a subsequent inquiry of the handling of the disaster, seven members of the Italian National Commission for the Forecast and Prevention of Major Risks were accused of giving ""inexact, incomplete and contradictory"" information about the danger of the tremors prior to the main quake.On 22 October 2012, six scientists and one ex-government official were convicted of multiple manslaughter for downplaying the likelihood of a major earthquake six days before it took place. They were each sentenced to six years' imprisonment. On 10 November 2014, the scientists convicted of manslaughter for failing to predict the deadly earthquake have had the verdict overturned. Some people say that science itself had been put on trial. Criticism was also applied to poor building standards that led to the failure of many modern buildings in a known earthquake zone: an official at Italy's Civil Protection Agency, Franco Barberi, said that ""in California, an earthquake like this one would not have killed a single person"".