Axion thermalization in the early universe
... We get a much higher value than the one in Eq. 共5兲. One of the reasons is that the interaction rate 共39兲 increases as T 3 at high energies, while the rate coming from the photoproduction process considered in 关8兴 goes as T since the axion is attached to the fermion line with the usual derivative cou ...
... We get a much higher value than the one in Eq. 共5兲. One of the reasons is that the interaction rate 共39兲 increases as T 3 at high energies, while the rate coming from the photoproduction process considered in 关8兴 goes as T since the axion is attached to the fermion line with the usual derivative cou ...
Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
... In a nutshell, thermodynamics is the study of the internal motions of many-body systems. Virtually all physical entities that we encounter in everyday life are many-body systems of some type or other (e.g., solids, liquids, gases, and even electromagnetic radiation). Not surprisingly, therefore, the ...
... In a nutshell, thermodynamics is the study of the internal motions of many-body systems. Virtually all physical entities that we encounter in everyday life are many-body systems of some type or other (e.g., solids, liquids, gases, and even electromagnetic radiation). Not surprisingly, therefore, the ...
dipole - Erwin Sitompul
... Both expressions above are not dependent on the path chosen for the line integral, regardless of the source of the E field. ...
... Both expressions above are not dependent on the path chosen for the line integral, regardless of the source of the E field. ...
Chapter 1 THE NATURE OF PHYSICS
... mathematical equations, philosophical impact, and practical application that comprise physics. The modern physicist has generalized the idea of master to include the distributed energy wave fields and the transistor energy of unstable particles; also as shall frequently emphasize, he is as much conc ...
... mathematical equations, philosophical impact, and practical application that comprise physics. The modern physicist has generalized the idea of master to include the distributed energy wave fields and the transistor energy of unstable particles; also as shall frequently emphasize, he is as much conc ...
BALANCE PRINCIPLES
... functional form to the second Piola-Kirchhoff stress tensor-a fundamental ingredient in the dynamical equations. The study of this functional form is the main goal of Chapter 3 on constitutive theory. We shall set up the basic equations (or inequalities) as integral balance conditions. Therefore, th ...
... functional form to the second Piola-Kirchhoff stress tensor-a fundamental ingredient in the dynamical equations. The study of this functional form is the main goal of Chapter 3 on constitutive theory. We shall set up the basic equations (or inequalities) as integral balance conditions. Therefore, th ...
Einstein`s Photoelectric Effect
... photoelectric effect in 1905, the same year in which he published the Special Theory of Relativity and the paper on molecular dimensions which earned him his PhD from the University of Zurich. However, his reintroduction of the idea of a corpuscular nature for light met with considerable scientific ...
... photoelectric effect in 1905, the same year in which he published the Special Theory of Relativity and the paper on molecular dimensions which earned him his PhD from the University of Zurich. However, his reintroduction of the idea of a corpuscular nature for light met with considerable scientific ...
The Threshold for Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation
... 2. Fast and reliable measurement and classical computation. 3. Little or no error correlation (unless the registers are linked by a gate). 4. Very low error rates. 5. High parallelism. 6. An ample supply of extra qubits. 7. Even lower error rates. ...
... 2. Fast and reliable measurement and classical computation. 3. Little or no error correlation (unless the registers are linked by a gate). 4. Very low error rates. 5. High parallelism. 6. An ample supply of extra qubits. 7. Even lower error rates. ...
chapter 10 - School of Physics
... Physics is the most fundamental of all sciences. Physics is also the foundation of much modern technology, from maglev trains to hip replacements, from CDs to sunglasses, from light bulbs to carbon-dating. Physics ranges from the very large (the universe) to the very small (the quantum world) and ev ...
... Physics is the most fundamental of all sciences. Physics is also the foundation of much modern technology, from maglev trains to hip replacements, from CDs to sunglasses, from light bulbs to carbon-dating. Physics ranges from the very large (the universe) to the very small (the quantum world) and ev ...
