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Winds of Main-Sequence Stars - Harvard
... The solar wind mass los rate • The sphere-averaged “M” isn’t usually considered by solar physicists! • Wang (1998, CS10) used empirical relationships between B-field, wind speed, and density to reconstruct M over two solar cycles. ...
... The solar wind mass los rate • The sphere-averaged “M” isn’t usually considered by solar physicists! • Wang (1998, CS10) used empirical relationships between B-field, wind speed, and density to reconstruct M over two solar cycles. ...
2 The Birth of the Solar System: Some Unconventional Ideas
... planet-forming material, and were subsequently tossed out into the surrounding wilderness. One version of the theory indicates that Uranus and Neptune even swapped places as the most remote major planet, although at that time neither was as remote as it is today. For all we know, there may have been ...
... planet-forming material, and were subsequently tossed out into the surrounding wilderness. One version of the theory indicates that Uranus and Neptune even swapped places as the most remote major planet, although at that time neither was as remote as it is today. For all we know, there may have been ...
Naming the 2008-2009 Minimum and Responding to Temperature Declines
... There would be significant areas of the world frozen then. And some of the world’s oceans would freeze as well with unclear effects. I have seen the Seine River in Paris during a rare 2003 snowstorm. There was some talk of a flood risk while there. With severe decreases in temperature related to sol ...
... There would be significant areas of the world frozen then. And some of the world’s oceans would freeze as well with unclear effects. I have seen the Seine River in Paris during a rare 2003 snowstorm. There was some talk of a flood risk while there. With severe decreases in temperature related to sol ...
CEA - The Sun
... exhausted. The resulting compression and heating will make it possible to start a new fusion cycle which burns the "ashes" of the present cycle at a higher temperature. This is what happens in stars more massive than the Sun: hydrogen transforms into helium until it is exhausted, then the helium, in ...
... exhausted. The resulting compression and heating will make it possible to start a new fusion cycle which burns the "ashes" of the present cycle at a higher temperature. This is what happens in stars more massive than the Sun: hydrogen transforms into helium until it is exhausted, then the helium, in ...
INTERSTELLAR TRANSFER OF PLANETARY MICROBIOTA
... • terminate via collision with the planet or with the sun • spend a time in the inner solar system 107 years • once the aphelion reaches 5AU, larger perturbations by Jupiter take over and can be large enough to give orbits beyond the planetary region (into the cometary regions/Oort cloud) or escape ...
... • terminate via collision with the planet or with the sun • spend a time in the inner solar system 107 years • once the aphelion reaches 5AU, larger perturbations by Jupiter take over and can be large enough to give orbits beyond the planetary region (into the cometary regions/Oort cloud) or escape ...
Ice Core Records - Chandra X
... activity. One example is the solar proton nitrate concentration fluctuations that remain consistent through the Dalton (1833 – 1798) and Maunder (1715-1645) Minima – periods of unusually low solar activity. A major nitrate anomaly in 1859 is related to a solar flare that was optically observed by Ri ...
... activity. One example is the solar proton nitrate concentration fluctuations that remain consistent through the Dalton (1833 – 1798) and Maunder (1715-1645) Minima – periods of unusually low solar activity. A major nitrate anomaly in 1859 is related to a solar flare that was optically observed by Ri ...
Sample Return from Primitive Asteroids and Comets
... in broad agreement with astronomical observations and models of the interplanetary dust complex (15). Although their provenance is unknown, the unique characteristics of IDPs indicate that meteorites represent a limited sampling of the most primitive asteroids. The case for sample return from primi ...
... in broad agreement with astronomical observations and models of the interplanetary dust complex (15). Although their provenance is unknown, the unique characteristics of IDPs indicate that meteorites represent a limited sampling of the most primitive asteroids. The case for sample return from primi ...
Acoustic Waves - The Evergreen State College
... atmosphere is no longer dense enough for them to propagate through. At an altitude where the pressure of the atmosphere is comparable to the pressure of the magnetic field, where ~1, these acoustic waves transform into magnetic waves. ...
... atmosphere is no longer dense enough for them to propagate through. At an altitude where the pressure of the atmosphere is comparable to the pressure of the magnetic field, where ~1, these acoustic waves transform into magnetic waves. ...
C-14 is used to date
... 2.The composition of the atmosphere has not varied, including CO2, nitrogen, ozone, and other atmospheric gases. 3.The strength of the magnetic field of the sun and earth has not varied. 4.The ratio of C-14 and C-12 has not varied, this would include volcanic eruptions and the amount of C trapped in ...
... 2.The composition of the atmosphere has not varied, including CO2, nitrogen, ozone, and other atmospheric gases. 3.The strength of the magnetic field of the sun and earth has not varied. 4.The ratio of C-14 and C-12 has not varied, this would include volcanic eruptions and the amount of C trapped in ...
Chapter V Conclusions Radioactive isotopes
... obtain information about: 1) the 'long term' average charact eristics of solar flare protons i.e. their spectral shape (R ) and intensity (j), 2), the average intensity and spectral para meter of galactic cosmic rays (mainly protons and alpha par ticles) over various time periods in the past in t ...
... obtain information about: 1) the 'long term' average charact eristics of solar flare protons i.e. their spectral shape (R ) and intensity (j), 2), the average intensity and spectral para meter of galactic cosmic rays (mainly protons and alpha par ticles) over various time periods in the past in t ...
The Sun The Sun is a very typical main sequence star. It contains 1000
... Heat may be transported by radia9on, convec9on or conduc9on. In the Sun only radia9on and convec9on are important. In the deep interior of the Sun, where the gas is fully ionised because of the h ...
... Heat may be transported by radia9on, convec9on or conduc9on. In the Sun only radia9on and convec9on are important. In the deep interior of the Sun, where the gas is fully ionised because of the h ...
Magnetic Reconnection Project - University of California
... • A single open x-line does not produce the energetic electrons observed in the data • The development of multiple magnetic islands is expected from theory and simulations of reconnection • Observations of secondary magnetic islands with magnetospheric satellites and solar observations of localized ...
... • A single open x-line does not produce the energetic electrons observed in the data • The development of multiple magnetic islands is expected from theory and simulations of reconnection • Observations of secondary magnetic islands with magnetospheric satellites and solar observations of localized ...
1 From Molecular Clouds to the Origin of Life
... In our Milky Way and in external galaxies, the space between the stars is filled with an interstellar medium (ISM) consisting of gas and dust. The ISM can be divided in various different components with very different physical parameters, ranging from a very hot (106 K), dilute (<10-2 particles cm-3 ...
... In our Milky Way and in external galaxies, the space between the stars is filled with an interstellar medium (ISM) consisting of gas and dust. The ISM can be divided in various different components with very different physical parameters, ranging from a very hot (106 K), dilute (<10-2 particles cm-3 ...
Lesson 1 The Sun and Other Stars
... stretch far out into space. Sometimes this energy disrupts satellites, interfering with TV, radio, and cell phone communication systems. Energy from solar flares also causes displays of different-colored lights in Earth’s upper atmosphere. These lights are called the aurora borealis (uh•RAW•uh bawr• ...
... stretch far out into space. Sometimes this energy disrupts satellites, interfering with TV, radio, and cell phone communication systems. Energy from solar flares also causes displays of different-colored lights in Earth’s upper atmosphere. These lights are called the aurora borealis (uh•RAW•uh bawr• ...
Session 1: Structure and dynamics of the solar chromosphere
... chromosphere (cell interior, network, spicules etc.) as well as other features seen at the chromospheric level or having the properties of plasmas at chromospheric temperatures: sunspots chromosphere, plages, chromospheric flares, filaments etc. The relation of such plasmas to other atmospheric laye ...
... chromosphere (cell interior, network, spicules etc.) as well as other features seen at the chromospheric level or having the properties of plasmas at chromospheric temperatures: sunspots chromosphere, plages, chromospheric flares, filaments etc. The relation of such plasmas to other atmospheric laye ...
Stellar Spectroscopy during Exoplanet Transits
... Spectral type: G0 V, Apparent magnitude mV = 7.65 Teff = 6100 K, log g [cgs] = 4.50, [Fe/H] = 0 Vrot 4.5 km/s; slow rotator, comparable to Sun sin i = 1 if the star rotates in same plane as transiting planet Sufficiently similar to Sun for same spectral identifications. Somewhat hotter, lines some ...
... Spectral type: G0 V, Apparent magnitude mV = 7.65 Teff = 6100 K, log g [cgs] = 4.50, [Fe/H] = 0 Vrot 4.5 km/s; slow rotator, comparable to Sun sin i = 1 if the star rotates in same plane as transiting planet Sufficiently similar to Sun for same spectral identifications. Somewhat hotter, lines some ...
11 Solar Masses
... Instead capture electrons on Fe group nuclei. Collapse accelerates. Oxygen burning continues, but in a thin shell through which matter is falling supersonically. Collapse continues to nuclear density without ever having formed a large iron core. ...
... Instead capture electrons on Fe group nuclei. Collapse accelerates. Oxygen burning continues, but in a thin shell through which matter is falling supersonically. Collapse continues to nuclear density without ever having formed a large iron core. ...
The following slide show is a compilation of slides from... have been produced by different members of the fusion and...
... – Potential source of safe, abundant energy. Astrophysics – Understanding plasmas helps us understand stars and stellar evolution. Upper atmospheric dynamics – The upper atmosphere is a plasma. Plasma Applications – Plasmas can be used to build computer chips and to clean up toxic waste. ...
... – Potential source of safe, abundant energy. Astrophysics – Understanding plasmas helps us understand stars and stellar evolution. Upper atmospheric dynamics – The upper atmosphere is a plasma. Plasma Applications – Plasmas can be used to build computer chips and to clean up toxic waste. ...
Astro340.Lecture17.30oct07
... Formation of the Ion Tail: In addition to breaking up a molecule, sunlight can also ionize them. When an ion is formed in the coma, it notices something. The Solar Wind, which is streaming by at ~500 km/sec. Two things will happen in response to this: • The solar wind and comet ions will form as st ...
... Formation of the Ion Tail: In addition to breaking up a molecule, sunlight can also ionize them. When an ion is formed in the coma, it notices something. The Solar Wind, which is streaming by at ~500 km/sec. Two things will happen in response to this: • The solar wind and comet ions will form as st ...
PoS(ICRC2015)509
... two shocks delimiting the wind collision region are very similar. This is not always the case: a well known example is η Carinae, where the winds have much different velocities and densities, especially close to periastron. η Carinae is a very complex system, and a treatment such as the one describe ...
... two shocks delimiting the wind collision region are very similar. This is not always the case: a well known example is η Carinae, where the winds have much different velocities and densities, especially close to periastron. η Carinae is a very complex system, and a treatment such as the one describe ...
IRIS observations of the solar transition region
... order of 20 to 30 km/s, which is less than that reported for our observations. Why do these loops form? Heating in the upper chromosphere and corona will proceed along and be guided by the loop magnetic field. This could occur either through the dissipation of waves or through the dissipation of str ...
... order of 20 to 30 km/s, which is less than that reported for our observations. Why do these loops form? Heating in the upper chromosphere and corona will proceed along and be guided by the loop magnetic field. This could occur either through the dissipation of waves or through the dissipation of str ...
Solar Irradiance Reference Spectra (SIRS) for the 2008 Whole
... shortward of 310 nm. [7] The TIMED SEE [Woods et al., 2005a] and prototype EVE calibration rocket experiment [Woods et al., 2006; Chamberlin et al., 2007] provide the irradiance shortward of 116 nm for SIRS. The calibration rocket was flown on 14 April 2008 to provide underflight calibration for TIM ...
... shortward of 310 nm. [7] The TIMED SEE [Woods et al., 2005a] and prototype EVE calibration rocket experiment [Woods et al., 2006; Chamberlin et al., 2007] provide the irradiance shortward of 116 nm for SIRS. The calibration rocket was flown on 14 April 2008 to provide underflight calibration for TIM ...
Critical Content/Concept Web
... What is a force? How does a force effect objects? What are the 4 fundamental forces in the universe? What effect does gravity have on matter /objects in space? 5. If objects are massive enough can they generate enough pressure in their core to fuse atoms releasing a strong nuclear force? 6. Does our ...
... What is a force? How does a force effect objects? What are the 4 fundamental forces in the universe? What effect does gravity have on matter /objects in space? 5. If objects are massive enough can they generate enough pressure in their core to fuse atoms releasing a strong nuclear force? 6. Does our ...
Plasma in ionosphere
... stratosphere, the incoming solar radiation at wavelengths below 240 nm is able to dissociate molecular Oxygen O2 into individual Oxygen atoms, each of which, in turn, may combine with an Oxygen molecule O2, to form ozone O3. The ozone layer is found up to about 25 km altitude. The gas becomes rarefi ...
... stratosphere, the incoming solar radiation at wavelengths below 240 nm is able to dissociate molecular Oxygen O2 into individual Oxygen atoms, each of which, in turn, may combine with an Oxygen molecule O2, to form ozone O3. The ozone layer is found up to about 25 km altitude. The gas becomes rarefi ...
The Sun The Sun is a very typical main sequence star. It contains 100
... imagines a local element of gas that becomes ho_er than its surroundings, such that it expands slightly. The lower density of the gas element compared to its surroundings causes it to experience ...
... imagines a local element of gas that becomes ho_er than its surroundings, such that it expands slightly. The lower density of the gas element compared to its surroundings causes it to experience ...
Solar wind
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Solar_wind_Speed_interplanetary_magnetic_field.jpg?width=300)
The solar wind is a stream of charged particles released from the upper atmosphere of the Sun. This plasma consists of mostly electrons, protons and alpha particles with energies usually between 1.5 and 10 keV; embedded in the solar-wind plasma is the interplanetary magnetic field. The solar wind varies in density, temperature and speed over time and over solar longitude. Its particles can escape the Sun's gravity because of their high energy, from the high temperature of the corona and magnetic, electrical and electromagnetic phenomena in it.The solar wind flows outward supersonically to great distances, filling a region known as the heliosphere, an enormous bubble-like volume surrounded by the interstellar medium. Other related phenomena include the aurora (northern and southern lights), the plasma tails of comets that always point away from the Sun, and geomagnetic storms that can change the direction of magnetic field lines and create strong currents in power grids on Earth.