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Gauss`s Law - KCSE Online
Gauss`s Law - KCSE Online

... For point charges, select spherical gaussian surface., for line charges, select cylindrical gaussian surface., and for plane charges, select cylindrical gaussian surface. The gaussian surface selected is such that the electrical field has the same magnitude everywhere on the surface and is directed ...
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... Note 2: All devices 100% production tested at TA = +25°C. Limits over temperature are guaranteed by design. Note 3: The MAX17595 is intended for use in universal input power supplies. The internal clamp circuit at VIN is used to prevent the bootstrap capacitor from charging to a voltage beyond the ...
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MAX8790A Six-String White LED Driver with Active General Description

... current down to 12.5%. Below 12.5%, digital dimming is added to allow lower average LED current down to 1%. Both control methods provide 100:1 dimming range. The MAX8790A has multiple features to protect the controller from fault conditions. Separate feedback loops limit the output voltage if one or ...
MAX5436–MAX5439 ±15V, 128-Tap, Low-Drift Digital Potentiometers General Description Features
MAX5436–MAX5439 ±15V, 128-Tap, Low-Drift Digital Potentiometers General Description Features

... to ±15V) digital potentiometers in packages that are half the size of comparable devices in 8-pin SO. They perform the same function as mechanical potentiometers, but replace the mechanics with a simple digital interface. The digital logic is powered by a separate single +2.7V to +5.25V supply volta ...
FAN5602  —  Universal (Step-Up/Step-Down) Charge Pump Regulated DC/DC Converter F AN5
FAN5602 — Universal (Step-Up/Step-Down) Charge Pump Regulated DC/DC Converter F AN5

... ■ ±3% Output Voltage Accuracy ■ ICC < 1µA in Shutdown Mode ■ 1MHz Operating Frequency ...
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... Diodes Incorporated products are specifically not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express written approval of the Chief Executive Officer of Diodes Incorporated. As used herein: A. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which: ...
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... excellent transient characteristics. The PWM control circuit is able to vary the duty ratio linearly from 0% up to 90%. An enable function, an over-current protect function, and a short circuit protect function are built inside, and when OCP or SCP happens, the operation frequency will be reduced fr ...
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... and current levels to be converted. For example, a step-up transformer is normally used to convert an AC voltage into a higher AC voltage. With DC power, a similar conversion can be performed using a boost chopper. Figure 3-66 shows a boost chopper built with an electronic switch (Q) and a diode (D) ...
Aalborg Universitet Optimized Integrated Harmonic Filter Inductor for Dual-Converter Fed Open-End
Aalborg Universitet Optimized Integrated Harmonic Filter Inductor for Dual-Converter Fed Open-End

... I. I NTRODUCTION Many high power converter systems are often connected to the medium voltage network and a step-up transformer is used to match the voltage levels of the converter with the medium voltage grid. In some applications, the transformer is also required for providing galvanic isolation. I ...
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A Study of CMOS Current Comparators in 180 nm Technology

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... LM4040 even when the supply voltage is at its minimum and the load current is at its maximum value. When the supply voltage is at its maximum and IL is at its minimum, RS should be large enough so that the current flowing through the LM4040 is less than 15 mA. RS is determined by the supply voltage, ...
Aalborg Universitet Stability Constrained Efficiency Optimization for Droop Controlled DC-DC Conversion
Aalborg Universitet Stability Constrained Efficiency Optimization for Droop Controlled DC-DC Conversion

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UNITED STATES NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION OFFICE OF NUCLEAR REACTOR REGULATION WASHINGTON, DC 20555-0001

... the grid can cause adverse effects on the operation of Class 1E loads. These degraded voltage conditions will not be detected by the Loss-of-Voltage Relays (LVRs) which are designed to detect loss of power to the bus from the offsite circuit(s). The LVR’s low voltage dropout setting is generally in ...
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... motor mechanical and coil design parameters and not limited by the output capability of the device. If voltage at VDD is lower than the nominal motor voltage, both start-up PWM duty and minimum running PWM duty required will be higher. ...
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LM358 LOW POWER DUAL OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS Description

... 3. Short circuits from the output to V+ can cause excessive heating and eventual destruction. When considering short circuits to ground, the maximum output current is approximately 40mA independent of the magnitude of V+. At values of supply voltage in excess of +15V, continuous short-circuits can e ...
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... Common mode voltage (CMV) causes unbalanced voltage operation in induction motor. Multilevel inverters reduce this problem, but the complexity of the power circuit increases with an increase in the number of inverter voltage levels. In this paper, a five-level inverter is compared with two, three an ...
CHAPTER 2 : DC METERS
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... When Rx = 0 ( AB terminal short), the current in circuit is maximum and the pointer shown the full reading. Adjust the R2 until the full scale, IM. The pointer at full scale is mark as 0 ohm. When Rx = infinity (AB terminal open), the current in circuit is 0. The unknown resistance must connect seri ...
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AVR353: Voltage Reference Calibration and Voltage ADC

Loop Selective Direction Measurement for Distance Protection
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... and 4…20 mA into a proportional frequency. By means of the plug bridges 1…4 the output frequency range can be adjusted to 1/1, 1/2, 1/4 and 1/8. In order to obtain a galvanic isolation between the input and output, 2 separate voltage supplies are required. The output is short-circuit and overload pr ...
PWM Regenerative Rectifiers: State of the Art
PWM Regenerative Rectifiers: State of the Art

... diversity of applications: power supply for microelectronics, household-electric appliances , electronic ballast, battery charging, DC-motor drives, power conversion, etc... [1]. As shown in Fig. 1 AC-DC converters can be classified between topologies working with low switching frequency (line commu ...
IEEE Paper Word Template in US Letter Page Size (V3)
IEEE Paper Word Template in US Letter Page Size (V3)

... Annex I of the EMC Directive states: ―A fixed installation shall be installed applying good engineering practices and respecting the information on the intended use of its components, with a view to meeting the protection requirements...‖. Protection requirements are the fundamental properties of em ...
STM1831
STM1831

... register a logic high, while all of the input current and leakage paths connected to the reset output line are being supplied. A 10 kΩ pull-up is sufficient in most applications. The advantages of open drain output include the ability to connect more open drain outputs in parallel (wired OR connecti ...
Aalborg Universitet Autonomous Voltage Unbalance Compensation in an Islanded Droop-Controlled Microgrid
Aalborg Universitet Autonomous Voltage Unbalance Compensation in an Islanded Droop-Controlled Microgrid

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Electrical ballast



An electrical ballast is a device intended to limit the amount of current in an electric circuit. A familiar and widely used example is the inductive ballast used in fluorescent lamps, to limit the current through the tube, which would otherwise rise to destructive levels due to the tube's negative resistance characteristic.Ballasts vary in design complexity. They can be as simple as a series resistor or inductor, capacitors, or a combination thereof or as complex as electronic ballasts used with fluorescent lamps and high-intensity discharge lamps.
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