Relation between s-Polarized and p-Polarized Internal Reflection
... 1. Introduction Polarized infrared (IR) spectroscopy allows one to probe the orientation of chemical bonds.1-17 The features of polarized IR spectroscopy include (1) simultaneous probing of a wide variety of chemical bonds in organic, inorganic or hybrid materials, (2) sensitivity to measure films d ...
... 1. Introduction Polarized infrared (IR) spectroscopy allows one to probe the orientation of chemical bonds.1-17 The features of polarized IR spectroscopy include (1) simultaneous probing of a wide variety of chemical bonds in organic, inorganic or hybrid materials, (2) sensitivity to measure films d ...
Optical coherence tomography (OCT): a review
... reach of conventional bright-field and confocal microscopes. Probing depths exceeding 2 cm have been demonstrated in transparent tissues, including the eye and the frog embryo [13], [14]. In the skin and other highly scattering tissues, OCT can image small blood vessels and other structures as deep ...
... reach of conventional bright-field and confocal microscopes. Probing depths exceeding 2 cm have been demonstrated in transparent tissues, including the eye and the frog embryo [13], [14]. In the skin and other highly scattering tissues, OCT can image small blood vessels and other structures as deep ...
A guide to super-resolution fluorescence microscopy
... used. In practical terms this meant that only cellular structure and objects that were at least 200 to 350 nm apart could be resolved by light microscopy (see box for details). Much of the fundamental biology of the cell, however, occurs at the level of macro molecular complexes in the size range o ...
... used. In practical terms this meant that only cellular structure and objects that were at least 200 to 350 nm apart could be resolved by light microscopy (see box for details). Much of the fundamental biology of the cell, however, occurs at the level of macro molecular complexes in the size range o ...
SPIE2005 5754-12-b
... adequate however and Snell’s law doesn’t necessarily drive the limitations. This becomes increasingly important when considering the film stack requirements for 32nm half-pitch resolution and below. For photoresist films corresponding to 1:1.5 to 1:2 aspect ratios, layers between 48 and 64nm thick a ...
... adequate however and Snell’s law doesn’t necessarily drive the limitations. This becomes increasingly important when considering the film stack requirements for 32nm half-pitch resolution and below. For photoresist films corresponding to 1:1.5 to 1:2 aspect ratios, layers between 48 and 64nm thick a ...
Simulating the effects of inelastic scattering on
... the Hydrolight numerical model for these three water types. The comparisons show good agreement between measured and simulated values from the present model. The errors of this model are significantly small (when compared with those of the Hydrolight model) in the red wavelength region, where the ch ...
... the Hydrolight numerical model for these three water types. The comparisons show good agreement between measured and simulated values from the present model. The errors of this model are significantly small (when compared with those of the Hydrolight model) in the red wavelength region, where the ch ...
Adaptive optics enhanced simultaneous en-face
... and are not constant in time [6]. AO has been demonstrated as a suitable method to dynamically correct for these aberrations [7], improving the quality of the images obtained using several available retinal imaging techniques. These techniques allow, for example, the diagnosis of visual disorders i ...
... and are not constant in time [6]. AO has been demonstrated as a suitable method to dynamically correct for these aberrations [7], improving the quality of the images obtained using several available retinal imaging techniques. These techniques allow, for example, the diagnosis of visual disorders i ...
fourier transform infra-red (ftir) spectroscopy
... In general, a frequency will be strongly absorbed if its photon energy coincides ...
... In general, a frequency will be strongly absorbed if its photon energy coincides ...
A spectral reflectance-based approach to quantification of grassland
... the spatial resolution of the satellite image. Logistic difficulty in the field means that grass samples can be collected from within a limited spatial extent that is much smaller than the pixel size of most earth resources satellite images (e.g., Landsat TM’s 30 m by 30 m). In this case, ground sam ...
... the spatial resolution of the satellite image. Logistic difficulty in the field means that grass samples can be collected from within a limited spatial extent that is much smaller than the pixel size of most earth resources satellite images (e.g., Landsat TM’s 30 m by 30 m). In this case, ground sam ...
A review of the status of satellite remote sensing and image
... 2005) and this pattern changes when buildings are damaged by an earthquake. For this particular case and many other applications, SAR polarimetry will produce valuable results and complement optical observations. Differential SAR interferometry is possibly one of the best techniques used for mapping ...
... 2005) and this pattern changes when buildings are damaged by an earthquake. For this particular case and many other applications, SAR polarimetry will produce valuable results and complement optical observations. Differential SAR interferometry is possibly one of the best techniques used for mapping ...
PDF
... absorption band at 1.45 µm used two different light sources in dual wavelength OCT systems. One light source was used for absorption measurements and the second light source for referencing [10, 11]. However, this approach adds the noise of two independent light sources, and accurate referencing is ...
... absorption band at 1.45 µm used two different light sources in dual wavelength OCT systems. One light source was used for absorption measurements and the second light source for referencing [10, 11]. However, this approach adds the noise of two independent light sources, and accurate referencing is ...
Introduction to super-resolution microscopy
... and investigate microorganisms, cells, tissues and organs in living conditions. With the aid of suitable fluorescent probes, microscopic images provide not only the structural information of the samples, but also a variety of information from the cellular environment, such as ion concentrations, memb ...
... and investigate microorganisms, cells, tissues and organs in living conditions. With the aid of suitable fluorescent probes, microscopic images provide not only the structural information of the samples, but also a variety of information from the cellular environment, such as ion concentrations, memb ...
Pulsed Quasi-monochromatic x-ray source for radiography
... gold target to generate gold x-rays. Other laser beam interacts with the target under investigation for the dynamic studies. We have introduced various objects to be radiographed and also Al foil for the x-ray Fig. 2: Spectrum of copper line emission in the spectral range imaging and absorption spec ...
... gold target to generate gold x-rays. Other laser beam interacts with the target under investigation for the dynamic studies. We have introduced various objects to be radiographed and also Al foil for the x-ray Fig. 2: Spectrum of copper line emission in the spectral range imaging and absorption spec ...
An introduction to medical imaging with coherent terahertz
... determined by the time delay of the probe beam, set by an optical delay stage. An entire THz pulse profile is reconstructed by scanning the optical delay line across the selected time-domain range at a number of discrete points. In the simplest case a spatial image is mapped pixel by pixel using X–Y ...
... determined by the time delay of the probe beam, set by an optical delay stage. An entire THz pulse profile is reconstructed by scanning the optical delay line across the selected time-domain range at a number of discrete points. In the simplest case a spatial image is mapped pixel by pixel using X–Y ...
Biology 177: Principles of Modern Microscopy
... We have looked at several different methods for optical sectioning of fluorescent samples. The two main methods are Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM) and light sheet microscopy or Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy (SPIM). LSCM has been around a long time compared to SPIM. Question: Do ...
... We have looked at several different methods for optical sectioning of fluorescent samples. The two main methods are Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM) and light sheet microscopy or Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy (SPIM). LSCM has been around a long time compared to SPIM. Question: Do ...
Determination of the transfer function for optical surface topography
... is known as the modulation transfer function (MTF), whilst the argument is termed the phase transfer function (PTF) [37]. An OTF, MTF and PTF can be defined analogously for an incoherent case; however, in this case the system is ‘linear in intensity’, or, if the Born approximation is satisfied, the ...
... is known as the modulation transfer function (MTF), whilst the argument is termed the phase transfer function (PTF) [37]. An OTF, MTF and PTF can be defined analogously for an incoherent case; however, in this case the system is ‘linear in intensity’, or, if the Born approximation is satisfied, the ...
Optimization of axial resolution in a confocal microscope with
... different with a finite-sized detector. It is of practical significance that for a given finite-sized detector there is an optimum configuration (value of d) for the confocal microscope with D-shaped apertures. Figure 2(b) shows the variation of the half-width of the axial response as a function of ...
... different with a finite-sized detector. It is of practical significance that for a given finite-sized detector there is an optimum configuration (value of d) for the confocal microscope with D-shaped apertures. Figure 2(b) shows the variation of the half-width of the axial response as a function of ...
4Pi Microscopy
... properties of the dye to break the diffraction barrier. Using two lenses for STED, the axial resolution was improved down to 30 to 50 nm (Dyba and Hell, 2002; Dyba et al., 2003). However, as STED is still in its infancy and, unlike I5M and 4Pi microscopy, relies on the specific properties of the dye ...
... properties of the dye to break the diffraction barrier. Using two lenses for STED, the axial resolution was improved down to 30 to 50 nm (Dyba and Hell, 2002; Dyba et al., 2003). However, as STED is still in its infancy and, unlike I5M and 4Pi microscopy, relies on the specific properties of the dye ...
Laser Medicine and Medical Imaging – J. G. Fujimoto
... penetration depth of OCT is ~2-3 mm in most tissues. It has not been possible in the past to image structures inside solid tissues or organs. There are, however, many clinical scenarios where high resolution imaging of solid tissues is desirable. One promising application of OCT is in imaging pathol ...
... penetration depth of OCT is ~2-3 mm in most tissues. It has not been possible in the past to image structures inside solid tissues or organs. There are, however, many clinical scenarios where high resolution imaging of solid tissues is desirable. One promising application of OCT is in imaging pathol ...
Multi-Element Synthetic Transmit Aperture in Medical
... used image quality measures are spatial resolution, image contrast and frame rate. The spatial resolution of the ultrasound image can be improved by using several transmit beams during the interrogation of each sector, each of which is focused at a different depth. It is done in modern ultrasound im ...
... used image quality measures are spatial resolution, image contrast and frame rate. The spatial resolution of the ultrasound image can be improved by using several transmit beams during the interrogation of each sector, each of which is focused at a different depth. It is done in modern ultrasound im ...
Raman spectroscopy
... • a fixed grating measurement with a spectrum 'window' of 400 cm-1 to 1000 cm-1 (configuration dependent) • a unique 'extended scanning' facility allowing the user to choose any Raman shift range up to about 10000 cm-1 (configuration dependent). Essential for extended range scanning for Raman and ph ...
... • a fixed grating measurement with a spectrum 'window' of 400 cm-1 to 1000 cm-1 (configuration dependent) • a unique 'extended scanning' facility allowing the user to choose any Raman shift range up to about 10000 cm-1 (configuration dependent). Essential for extended range scanning for Raman and ph ...
Light sheet-based fluorescence microscopy: more dimensions, more
... The same holds true in confocal fluorescence microscopy. Optical sectioning is not obtained in the illumination process, but by discriminating against the out of focus fluorescence light with a pinhole in front of the detector. Hence, most of the light emitted by the specimen does not reach the dete ...
... The same holds true in confocal fluorescence microscopy. Optical sectioning is not obtained in the illumination process, but by discriminating against the out of focus fluorescence light with a pinhole in front of the detector. Hence, most of the light emitted by the specimen does not reach the dete ...
Diffuse optical imaging
... mammography for the diagnosis of breast disease. This was primarily due to the relatively low spatial resolution, which is typically in the range of 6–10 mm (Pogue et al. 2006). Despite the relative lack of success of transillumination, optical techniques were making an impact in blood oximetry, whi ...
... mammography for the diagnosis of breast disease. This was primarily due to the relatively low spatial resolution, which is typically in the range of 6–10 mm (Pogue et al. 2006). Despite the relative lack of success of transillumination, optical techniques were making an impact in blood oximetry, whi ...
Biomedical Imaging and Applied Optics Laboratory
... their chromatin changes and colours more darkly when stained during histopathology. Nuclear sizes change from the normal 5 − 10 µm to 1.5 − −2 x the size, i.e. 10 − 20 µm. Currently, these early changes are only detectable by histopathology or, non-invasively, by optical imaging techniques such as c ...
... their chromatin changes and colours more darkly when stained during histopathology. Nuclear sizes change from the normal 5 − 10 µm to 1.5 − −2 x the size, i.e. 10 − 20 µm. Currently, these early changes are only detectable by histopathology or, non-invasively, by optical imaging techniques such as c ...
Plant Leaf Imaging using Time of Flight Camera under Sunlight
... bars, we call it the green zone. This is the region providing best trade-off between precision (highest possible amplitude) and depth synchronization among neighboring pixels. According to May et al. [12] and also by our observation, the deviation from linearity depends on the object distance. For c ...
... bars, we call it the green zone. This is the region providing best trade-off between precision (highest possible amplitude) and depth synchronization among neighboring pixels. According to May et al. [12] and also by our observation, the deviation from linearity depends on the object distance. For c ...
Hyperspectral imaging
Hyperspectral imaging, like other spectral imaging, collects and processes information from across the electromagnetic spectrum. The goal of hyperspectral imaging is to obtain the spectrum for each pixel in the image of a scene, with the purpose of finding objects, identifying materials, or detecting processes.Much as the human eye sees visible light in three bands (red, green, and blue), spectral imaging divides the spectrum into many more bands. This technique of dividing images into bands can be extended beyond the visible. In hyperspectral imaging, the recorded spectra have fine wavelength resolution and cover a wide range of wavelengths.Engineers build hyperspectral sensors and processing systems for applications in astronomy, agriculture, biomedical imaging, geosciences, physics, and surveillance. Hyperspectral sensors look at objects using a vast portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Certain objects leave unique 'fingerprints' in the electromagnetic spectrum. Known as spectral signatures, these 'fingerprints' enable identification of the materials that make up a scanned object. For example, a spectral signature for oil helps geologists find new oil fields.