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The Big Discussion on Cells
The Big Discussion on Cells

... movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy.  By doing so cells have move molecules into the cell that they need but this requires energy because there is not a concentration difference.  This type of transport is kind of like riding a bicycle up hill you get to your destination but ...
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Diffusion: Molecular Transport across Membranes
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Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions – Brooker et al ARIS site
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to print a pdf copy of this chapter
to print a pdf copy of this chapter

... Cells can exist as individual cells or as groups of cells. Cells in groups can be organized at several levels. From One Cell to Many The simplest level of cell organization is a single-celled organism, and the most complex level is a multicellular organism. In between these two levels are biofilms a ...
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... Active transport will move large molecules, such as amino acids, against the concentration gradient until there is a larger concentration on one side of the membrane. *Note: Equilibrium will not be established. 1. The large amino acid molecules from the previous activity will be used. 2. Place 6 mol ...
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cells and organelles - Westgate Mennonite Collegiate
cells and organelles - Westgate Mennonite Collegiate

... Chloroplasts are elongated or disc-shaped organelles containing chlorophyll that trap sunlight for energy. Photosynthesis (in which energy from sunlight is converted into chemical energy - food) takes place in the chloroplasts. Only plant cells, not animal cells, can make ...
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Cytosol



The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.
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